Rimexolone 10mg/ml eye drops

The efficacy of topical corticosteroids as ocular anti-inflammatory agents following cataract surgery is well-documented. They also help to prevent a number of complications associated with post-operative ocular inflammation, including corneal edema and cystoid macular edema. However, topical corticosteroids are associated with side effects, such as increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Indeed, corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension and the potential for steroid-induced glaucoma remain the leading drawbacks of topical corticosteroid therapy. Some individuals are known to experience a high degree of IOP elevation with low doses or short durations of treatment with topical corticosteroids. Careful monitoring of IOP in such individuals is essential. Few randomized, controlled studies are available on the comparative safety and efficacy of common topical corticosteroids in the treatment of post-operative ocular inflammation. Furthermore, the lack of consistent reporting criteria for clinically significant IOP increases across clinical studies makes meaningful comparisons among corticosteroids difficult. This review aims to examine data from available published studies, including studies in steroid responders, to determine whether topical corticosteroids are the same in terms of their effect on IOP. Early generation corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone and prednisolone, are more likely to result in clinically significant increases in IOP. Newer corticosteroids, such as rimexolone and the retro-metabolically designed corticosteroid, loteprednol etabonate, offer similar anti-inflammatory efficacy to older corticosteroids with less effect on IOP. However, randomized controlled trials of newer corticosteroids are needed. The proportion of patients exhibiting an increase of ≥10 mmHg IOP in clinical studies has emerged as the most clinically relevant parameter for ophthalmologists to consider when deciding on which topical corticosteroid to use.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative condition in which accumulating genetic and molecular evidence implicates dysregulation of peripheral immune processes in disease pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the contribution of distinct peripheral immune cell subsets and associated gene regulatory landscapes to AD risk remains incompletely defined. To address this gap, we integrated single-cell expression quantitative trait loci (sc‑eQTL) data from the OneK1K cohort with AD GWAS summary statistics. We systematically interrogated immune cell-specific genes for their contributions to AD risk by integrating genetic causal inference with Bayesian colocalization analyses, and identified 24 eGenes that passed both the MR significance threshold (P  0.8). Notable candidates included GATS, HLA-DOB, HLA-DQA1, PM20D1, and others, with each gene demonstrating a cell-type-specific association restricted to its corresponding immune cell type, such as monocytes, CD8 + T cells, or B cells. Independent peripheral blood single-cell transcriptomic data further supported disease-associated shifts in cell-type-specific expression patterns in AD. Phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) indicated limited associations with off-target traits, indicating a favorable safety profile for therapeutic intervention, with the exceptions of B4GALNT3, PM20D1, and CNN2. Integration of immune gene targets with pharmacological databases yielded three candidate compound, including NSC321521 (targeting HLA-DQA1), phenoxybenzamine (targeting GSTP1), and rimexolone (targeting BIN1). Among these compounds, Predicted blood-brain barrier permeability was observed only for phenoxybenzamine and rimexolone, with docking studies indicating stable interactions, such as those between NSC321521 and HLA-DQA1, phenoxybenzamine and GSTP1, and rimexolone and BIN1. This integrative approach highlights key immune‑cell‑specific genes involved in AD and proposes repurposable drugs with central nervous system potential, paving the way for more targeted immunomodulatory strategies in AD.

Abstract licence: CC BY