Triamcinolone 40mg/ml ophthalmic suspension 1ml bottles preservative free

BackgroundRecurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral mucosal condition affecting over 2.5 billion people worldwide. Although 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide is a standard treatment, its comparative efficacy remains uncertain.ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare systematically the efficacy of 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide with those of alternative therapies for RAS management.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. From December 2024 to April 2025, PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Semantic Scholar, and ScienceDirect were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide in minor RAS treatment. Eligible studies reported the outcomes of pain reduction, ulcer size, or healing time. Risk of bias was assessed by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and meta-analysis pooled estimates were calculated by employing a random effects model.ResultsTwenty-five RCTs involving 1474 participants were included. Thyme honey, sumac gel, and laser therapies were significantly more effective than 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide in reducing pain and ulcer size. CBD oil, hyaluronic acid, curcumin, amlexanox, and nanoformulated triamcinolone exhibited comparable efficacies as 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide. The outcomes under chamomile, acemannan, and doxycycline benzocaine gel treatments were less favorable than those under 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide treatment. Laser therapy, sumac gel, and Punica granatum extract significantly reduced healing time compared with 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide. The meta-analysis demonstrated that 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide was significantly more effective than thyme honey, Rhus coriaria gel, and nanobased triamcinolone in reducing ulcer size and shortened healing time compared with Salvizan and P. granatum gels. However, no significant effect was observed in pain reduction when 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide was compared with either other treatments or the placebo, and no significant difference in healing time was found when 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide was compared with the placebo.ConclusionNatural agents, such as honey, sage, and sumac gel, show promise as effective, safe alternatives to 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of minor RAS, especially in patients intolerant to corticosteroids. While 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide significantly reduced ulcer size and shortened healing time compared with several alternative treatments, it demonstrated no significant advantage in pain reduction or healing time over the placebo. The results of this work should be interpreted with caution because of the limited number of placebo-controlled trials and the moderate-to-high risk of bias in the included studies.RegistrationWe registered our review protocol in PROSPERO under the ID CRD42024573362.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) remains the standard nonsurgical treatment for keloids but is limited by steroid-related adverse effects. Intralesional vitamin D has recently emerged as a potential alternative. This meta-analysis evaluated the comparative efficacy and safety of vitamin D versus TAC in keloid management. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library identified randomized controlled trials comparing these treatments. The primary outcome was scar improvement assessed using validated scales, while secondary outcomes included lesion flattening and treatment-related adverse events. Four trials were included. TAC demonstrated superior efficacy in improving scar severity (MD = -9.72; 95% CI -17.41 to -2.02; p = 0.013) and lesion flattening (RR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.96; p = 0.028). Vitamin D was associated with significantly lower risks of pigmentation changes (RR = 0.23; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.78; p = 0.018) and skin atrophy (RR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.82; p = 0.006), with no significant differences in pain, erythema, telangiectasia, or blister formation. While TAC appeared more effective for scar regression and lesion flattening, vitamin D was associated with a more favorable safety profile, particularly regarding skin atrophy and dyspigmentation. Vitamin D may be considered in selected patients who are particularly concerned about steroid-related adverse effects or lesions located in cosmetically sensitive areas, although these findings should be interpreted cautiously given the limited evidence base.

Abstract licence: CC BY