Phenol 1.2% / Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.25% spray

AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwashes (MW) on plaque and gingivitis scores for patients with gingivitis, in brushing as well as non-brushing situations.MethodsA comprehensive search of MEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane-CENTRAL was conducted to identify clinical and randomised controlled trials comparing CPC and CHX mouthwashes on plaque and gingivitis scores. The staining index was evaluated as a secondary outcome. In addition, the risk of bias was assessed. The data was summarised using a descriptive approach, and whenever possible, a meta-analysis was conducted. The results for brushing and non-brushing studies were presented separately. Grading was applied using the GRADE approach to rate the certainty of evidence.ResultsThe search resulted in 424 unique papers, from which 14 full-text papers providing 18 comparisons were selected. Different concentrations of CPC-MW (0.1%, 0.075%, 0.05%) and CHX-MW (0.2%, 0.12%) were used. The risk of bias was estimated to be low, moderate or high for each study. A meta-analysis for non-brushing models showed a significant favour for CHX-MW in plaque index scores (0.55 [95% CI: 0.19; 0.91], p = 0.003). For brushing, no significant differences were found between CPC-MW and CHX-MW. The descriptive analysis supports these findings. CHX-MW tends to stain more than CPC-MW.ConclusionThere is moderate certainty for a small statistically significant favourable effect of CHX-MW over CPC-MW for plaque control in non-brushing situations, but no difference between them for plaque and gingivitis prevention in brushing situations.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Background and aimsAntiseptics have been widely used in periodontology and implantology as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control. The main objective of this review was to summarize the best evidence for the use of antiseptics in the prevention and treatment of periodontal and peri-implant diseases.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Keywords such as (Antiseptics OR mouthwashes) AND (gingivitis OR periodontitis OR peri-implantitis OR mucositis) were used. Inclusion criteria included narrative or systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis and clinical studies. In vitro, animal studies, and case reports were excluded.ResultsAntiseptics, including chlorhexidine, essential oils, and povidone-iodine, proved effective in reducing gingival inflammation and improving the plaque index. Other molecules, such as octenidine dihydrochloride, showed some effectiveness, although further studies are needed to expand their use.ConclusionAntiseptics play a crucial role in improving periodontal health. Prescriptions should be tailored to therapeutic goals to ensure appropriate dosage and duration, while avoiding excessive use.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

IntroductionEndodontic retreatment cases are complicated by persistent biofilm-forming pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis, as well as remnants of prior obturation material. Intracanal medicaments (ICMs), especially calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2), play a vital role in improving treatment outcomes through effective disinfection. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of Ca(OH)2 in reducing postoperative pain, microbial load, and flare-ups in retreatment cases.Materials and methodsA comprehensive search strategy was conducted using four electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) to identify clinical studies from January 2005 to August 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on randomized controlled trials evaluating Ca(OH)2 alone or in combination with other medicaments or adjuncts. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool.ResultsSix studies involving 430 participants were included. Four assessed postoperative pain using various scales (VAS, Numeric Rating Scale, and Verbal Rating Scale), two evaluated flare-ups, one assessed bacterial reduction, and another measured inflammatory markers. Ca(OH)2 combined with chlorhexidine (CHX) or in nanoformulations yielded improved pain control and fewer flare-ups compared to Ca(OH)2 alone. Four studies showed low RoB, while two had moderate risk.ConclusionCa(OH)2 remains a valuable ICM in endodontic retreatment. Its efficacy is enhanced when used with adjuncts such as CHX or in nanoformulations. However, the evidence is limited by heterogeneity in outcome measures and sample sizes. Further standardized, high-powered trials are warranted.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-SA