Penciclovir 1% cream

Background: Herpes simplex labialis is a common skin condition caused by the herpes simplex virus. The prescription of antivirals for the treatment of herpes labialis is common. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the available evidence on the treatment of herpes simplex labialis with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved topical antibiotics. Methods: The literature search included searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. This review included studies that examined herpes labialis lesions and treatment with topical acyclovir, penciclovir, or docosanol in at least one of the study arms. Results: Of the 1,485 papers initially identified, 20 papers representing 19 randomised controlled trials and one quasi-randomised trial met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Conclusion: Our systematic review of the clinical studies performed on the three topical antiherpetics, acyclovir, penciclovir, and docosanol, showed that their efficacy compared to placebo is marginal at best (shortening the duration of pain by <24 hours), although the three topical antiherpetic drugs have no serious adverse reactions and are safe to use.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC

This review article describes the current knowledge about the use of antiviral chemotherapeutics in avian species, such as farm poultry and companion birds. Specific therapeutics are described in alphabetical order including classic antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir, abacavir, adefovir, amantadine, didanosine, entecavir, ganciclovir, interferon, lamivudine, penciclovir, famciclovir, oseltamivir, ribavirin, and zidovudine, repurposed drugs, such as ivermectin and nitazoxanide, which were originally used as antiparasitic drugs, and some others substances showing antiviral activity, such as ampligen, azo derivates, docosanol, fluoroarabinosylpyrimidine nucleosides, and novel peptides. Most of them have only been used for research purposes and are not widely used in clinical practice because of a lack of essential pharmacokinetic and safety data. Suggested future research directions are also highlighted.

Abstract licence: CC BY

BACKGROUND: Antiviral drug resistance in herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and 2) is a significant clinical challenge, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) aids clinical management and can be conducted through genotypic (partial genome sequencing) or phenotypic (cell culture) methods. Both have inherent limitations: genotypic DST is limited by outdated datasets lacking information on new helicase-primase inhibitors and corresponding phenotypic data as well as sparse clinical correlations. Phenotypic DST is mainly hampered by a lack of standardization and timely results. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compile an up-to-date and comprehensive HSV drug resistance dataset encompassing all reported drug resistance-associated mutations (DRMs), polymorphisms, and viral phenotypes. This study also aims to aggregate clinical conditions with available DST data. SOURCES: A PubMed search identified studies (January 2016-September 2024) on DRMs associated with resistance to aciclovir, penciclovir, brivudine, foscarnet, cidofovir, amenamevir, and pritelivir. Data from a previous HSV resistance dataset (pre-2016) were also included. CONTENT: In this review, we summarize novel mutations in the thymidine kinase, polymerase, and helicase-primase genes of HSV conferring resistance to antiviral drugs. Clinical information was available for 513 mutations. In 90% of these (461 cases), viral phenotype and clinical assessment were congruent. However, 10% of cases not responding to antiviral therapy showed phenotypically susceptible virus isolates. We present a framework for clinical and diagnostic management of cases with drug-resistant HSV infection. IMPLICATIONS: This dataset paves the way to harmonize reporting of DRMs for diagnostic labs and to accelerate genotypic DST interpretation through aggregated data. Ongoing large-scale data collection of genotypic, phenotypic, and clinical data is crucial for evidence-based management of HSV antiviral resistance and clinical guidelines.

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This study focuses on generating single-phase maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) using Echinophora platyloba DC. (E. platyloba) extract, followed by a silica coating. Subsequently, the γ-Fe2O3@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3@SiO2 MNPs) are functionalized with the antiviral drug penciclovir (PNV). The objective of this research is to produce a dual-function therapeutic agent that exhibits both antiviral and anticancer properties. Nanoparticles were characterized using FT-IR, VSM, XRD, TEM, SEM-EDX, DLS, zeta potential measurements, and ultraviolet–visible analysis. The γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-PNV MNPs exhibited lower toxicity towards normal fibroblast cells compared to cancerous MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, loading PNV onto γ-Fe2O3@SiO2 MNPs resulted in a significant increase in the anticancer and biological effects of PNV. To assess the therapeutic potential of γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-PNV MNPs, their interactions with nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) were investigated through absorption and fluorescence studies. The experimental findings showed that γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-PNV MNPs had a strong propensity for binding to nucleic acids both through the groove and intercalate (partial intercalation), indicating their promising candidacy as a targeted and specific chemotherapeutic agent.

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Numerous prior studies have identified therapeutic targets that could effectively combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, including the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and Main protease (Mpro). In parallel, antiviral compounds like abacavir, acyclovir, adefovir, amantadine, amprenavir, darunavir, didanosine, oseltamivir, penciclovir, and tenofovir are under investigation for their potential in drug repurposing to address this infection. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of modifying the functional groups of the aforementioned antivirals in silico. Using the genetic optimization for ligand docking algorithm on software Maestro (version 11.1), the modified antivirals were docked onto ACE2 receptor, RdRp, and Mpro. Using QuickProp (Maestro v11.1), PASS (prediction of activity spectra for the substances), and altogether with SwissADME, the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) of the modified antivirals, as well as their bioavailability and the predicted activity spectra, were determined. Discovery studio software was used to undertake post-docking analysis. Among the 10 antivirals, N(CH3)2 derivative of darunavir, N(CH3)2 derivative of amprenavir and NCH3 derivative of darunavir exhibited best binding affinities with ACE2 receptor (docking scores: -10.333, -9.527 and -9.695 kJ/mol, respectively). Moreover, NCH3 derivative of abacavir (-6.506 kJ/mol), NO2 derivative of didanosine (-6.877 kJ/mol), NCH3 derivative of darunavir (-7.618 kJ/mol) exerted promising affinity to Mpro. In conclusion, the results of the in silico screenings can serve as a useful information for future experimental works.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC