Nystatin 100,000units/g / Chlorhexidine hydrochloride 1% cream

This review examined the current state of knowledge on the modifications of commercial soft lining materials (SLMs) with a variety of antifungal compounds: (i) polyene antibiotics, including nystatin and amphotericin B, (ii) azole drugs, including fluconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, and miconazole, and (iii) antiseptics, including chlorhexidine salts to give them anti-Candida albicans properties. The effect of such modifications on the SLMs’ physical properties, such as drug release, water sorption, surface properties, bond strength, tensile strength, and hardness, was also analyzed. In effect, this study provided a unique compilation of research results obtained for numerous properties of SLM modified with antifungal compounds that differ in their chemical structure and mechanism of antifungal action. These results might also be useful for prosthetic dentistry, where SLMs are used to prevent and treat candidiasis, the most common disease among denture wearers.

Abstract licence: CC BY

ABSTRACT Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen responsible for healthcare associated infections and outbreaks with high mortality around the world. It readily colonizes the skin, nares, respiratory and urinary tract of hospitalized patients, and such colonization may lead to invasive Candida infection in susceptible patients. However, there is no recommended decolonization protocol for C. auris by international health authorities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the susceptibility of C. auris to commonly used synthetic and natural antiseptic products using an in vitro, broth microdilution assay. Synthetic antiseptics including chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, and nystatin were shown to be fungicidal against C. auris . Among the natural antiseptics tested, tea tree oil and manuka oil were both fungicidal against C. auris at concentrations less than or equal to 1.25% (v/v). Manuka honey inhibited C. auris at 25% (v/v) concentrations. Among the commercial products tested, manuka body wash and mouthwash were fungicidal against C. auris at concentrations less than or equal to 0.39% (w/v) and 6.25% (v/v) of products as supplied for use, respectively, while tea tree body wash and Medihoney TM wound gel demonstrated fungistatic properties. In conclusion, this study demonstrated good in vitro antifungal efficacy of tea tree oil, manuka oil, manuka honey, and commercially available antiseptic products containing these active ingredients. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of these antiseptic products in clinical settings.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

Conventional treatments for oral candidiasis often fail due to the complexities of the oral environment and the increasing antifungal drug resistance. Therefore, there is a growing demand for new therapies that optimize drug bioavailability, allowing for lower therapeutic doses while enhancing cytocompatibility, maintaining antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing efficacy. This study investigated the antifungal activity, cytocompatibility, wound healing potential, and mucosal adhesion of novel mucoadhesive formulations containing nystatin (NYS) or chlorhexidine (CHX) complexed with β-cyclodextrin (βCD), compared with the drug-free formulation (GEL) and the standard treatment with 2% miconazole gel (DK-Daktarin). Efficacy against Candida albicans was evaluated by measuring the metabolic activity, whereas cytocompatibility with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was analyzed for viability, morphology, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and apoptosis. Additionally, wound healing potential was investigated by assessing cell migration efficacy, anti-inflammatory activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity. Mucoadhesion was evaluated using mucin discs and a texture analyzer. Mucoadhesive gels containing βCD-complexed NYS or CHX exhibited significantly higher antifungal activity when compared to the GEL and DK groups (p < 0.05). Compared to fibroblast control cultures, those exposed to drug-complexed gels exhibited similar viability (p > 0.05) and morphological parameters, lower LDH release (p < 0.05), and similar apoptosis rates (p > 0.05). Additionally, exposure to the βCD-modified gels was associated with complete wound closure (p > 0.05), significant anti-inflammatory effect, with downregulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression (p < 0.05), and higher ROS scavenging activity (p < 0.05). The developed formulations showed no difference in mucoadhesiveness (p > 0.05), which was superior to that of DK (p < 0.05). Therefore, the proposed drug-complexed mucoadhesives are promising therapeutic options for oral candidiasis.

Abstract licence: CC BY

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the antifungal effect of 25% Tea tree oil and compare it to 2% Chlorhexidine and Nystatin against Candida albicans at both the 4th day and 7th day of inoculation to explore potential alternative treatment options for fungal infections in endodontic therapy. Material and Methods: 82 single-canal human mandibular premolar teeth were cleaned, prepared, and inoculated with a C. albicans suspension. After incubating for 4 and 7 days, the teeth were randomly assigned to receive one of four treatments: Nystatin, Chlorhexidine (CHX), Tea tree oil (TTO), or Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). After treatment, samples were rinsed and dried. Dentine shavings were collected and incubated to observe the growth of C. albicans. The antifungal activity was measured by the number of Candida colony-forming units. Two-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey's test was applied to compare the CFU growth. Results: TTO exhibited comparable antifungal activity to CHX (p=0.976) and superior antifungal activity compared to Nystatin (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: 25% Tea tree oil shows antifungal efficacy against C. albicans, comparable to 2% Chlorhexidine, suggesting it could be a viable alternative for endodontic treatments. However, Nystatin demonstrated only limited antifungal effectiveness.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Objectives: This study compared the antifungal efficacy of curcumin plus nystatin versus nystatin monotherapy for treatment of denture stomatitis. Materials and Methods: This single-blind clinical trial evaluated 32 patients with types II and III denture stomatitis. Microbial samples were collected from the patients’ palate to count the Candida albicans (C. albicans) colonies. Erythema of the palate was quantified by measuring the surface area of the erythematous sites. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups (n=16). The control group received nystatin suspension while the test group received a curcumin mouthwash plus nystatin suspension. The number of C. albicans colony forming units (CFUs) and the surface area of the erythematous sites were calculated again after 14 days. Data were analyzed using t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test (alpha=0.05). Results: Both groups experienced a significant reduction in C. albicans colony count after the intervention (P&lt;0.001). There was no significant difference in reduction of colony count between the two groups (P=0.341). Both groups experienced a significant reduction in the size of erythema (P=0.001 for the nystatin and P&lt;0.001 for the nystatin plus curcumin). The two groups were not significantly different regarding the size of erythema at baseline (P=0.956) or after the intervention (P=0.491). Conclusion: Addition of curcumin to nystatin suspension did not add any significant advantage with regard to reduction of C. albicans colony count or erythema of the palate, and both interventions were equally effective.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC