Menthol crystals

Non-selective ion channel permeable to monovalent and divalent cations, including Na(+), K(+), and Ca(2+), with higher permeability for Ca(2+). Activated by multiple factors, such as temperature, voltage, pressure, and changes in osmolality. Activated by cool temperatures (<23-28 degrees Celsius) and by chemical ligands evoking a sensation of coolness, such as menthol and icilin therefore plays a central role in the detection of environmental cold temperatures .
PMID:15306801 PMID:15852009 PMID:16174775 PMID:25559186 PMID:37857704

TRPM8 is a voltage-dependent channel; its activation by cold or chemical ligands shifts its voltage thresholds towards physiological membrane potentials, leading to the opening of the channel .
PMID:15306801
In addition to its critical role in temperature sensing, regulates basal tear secretion by sensing evaporation-induced cooling and changes in osmolality (By similarity).

May plays a role in prostate cancer cell migration PMID:16174775 PMID:25559186

Ligand-activated Ca(2+)-permeable, nonselective cation channel involved in pain detection and possibly also in cold perception, oxygen concentration perception, cough, itch, and inner ear function .
PMID:17259981 PMID:21195050 PMID:21873995 PMID:23199233 PMID:25389312 PMID:33152265

Has a relatively high Ca(2+) selectivity, with a preference for divalent over monovalent cations (Ca(2+) > Ba(2+) > Mg(2+) > NH4(+) > Li(+) > K(+)), the influx of cation into the cytoplasm leads to membrane depolarization .
PMID:19202543 PMID:21195050
Has a central role in the pain response to endogenous inflammatory mediators, such as bradykinin and to a diverse array of irritants. Activated by a large variety of structurally unrelated electrophilic and non-electrophilic chemical compounds, such as allylthiocyanate (AITC) from mustard oil or wasabi, cinnamaldehyde, diallyl disulfide (DADS) from garlic, and acrolein, an environmental irritant .
PMID:20547126 PMID:25389312 PMID:27241698 PMID:30878828

Electrophilic ligands activate TRPA1 by interacting with critical N-terminal Cys residues in a covalent manner .
PMID:17164327 PMID:27241698 PMID:31866091 PMID:32641835

Non-electrophile agonists bind at distinct sites in the transmembrane domain to promote channel activation .
PMID:33152265
Also acts as an ionotropic cannabinoid receptor by being activated by delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of marijuana .
PMID:25389312
May be a component for the mechanosensitive transduction channel of hair cells in inner ear, thereby participating in the perception of sounds (By similarity)

Non-selective calcium permeant cation channel .
PMID:12077604 PMID:12077606 PMID:26818531 PMID:37648856 PMID:38691614

It is activated by innocuous (warm) temperatures and shows an increased response at noxious temperatures greater than 39 degrees Celsius .
PMID:12077604 PMID:12077606
Activation exhibits an outward rectification .
PMID:12077604
The channel pore can dilate to provide permeability to larger cations .
PMID:37648856
May associate with TRPV1 and may modulate its activity .
PMID:12077606
Is a negative regulator of hair growth and cycling: TRPV3-coupled signaling suppresses keratinocyte proliferation in hair follicles and induces apoptosis and premature hair follicle regression (catagen) PMID:21593771

Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1A gives rise to P and/or Q-type calcium currents. P/Q-type calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group and are specifically blocked by the spider omega-agatoxin-IVA (AC P54282) (By similarity).

They are however insensitive to dihydropyridines (DHP)

G-protein coupled opioid receptor that functions as a receptor for endogenous alpha-neoendorphins and dynorphins, but has low affinity for beta-endorphins. Also functions as a receptor for various synthetic opioids and for the psychoactive diterpene salvinorin A. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase.

Signaling leads to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. Inhibits neurotransmitter release by reducing calcium ion currents and increasing potassium ion conductance. Plays a role in the perception of pain.

Plays a role in mediating reduced physical activity upon treatment with synthetic opioids. Plays a role in the regulation of salivation in response to synthetic opioids. May play a role in arousal and regulation of autonomic and neuroendocrine functions