Gonadorelin 100microgram powder for solution for injection vials

Reproductive endocrine function adapts to psychological, environmental, and energy-associated stressors. Multistressor environments upregulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, causing suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, but it is not known if this pattern or its magnitude is sex biased. We compared HPG and HPA axis activity in 9 men and 34 women undergoing Army training. One-hour low-dose gonadorelin and Synacthen tests were conducted at 1 and 29 wk, measuring gonadotrophins and cortisol. Cortisol was measured from hair every 3 mo. Morning and evening salivary cortisol and psychometric questionnaires were measured at six timepoints. Sexes were compared over time by two-way ANOVA. Gonadotrophin responses were significantly higher in women than men in week 1, but no sex difference was seen at week 29 (no significant sex × time interaction). Week 1 cortisol response was higher among men, but week 29 cortisol response was higher among women (sex × time F(1,44) = 18.0, P months 5-11 (F(3,15) = 3.25, P = 0.024). Morning salivary cortisol was higher among women in weeks 8 and 14, but higher among men in week 29 (F(4,76) = 4.0, P = 0.005). No differences were seen in evening salivary cortisol. Psychometrics did not change or differ between sexes. HPA axis responses to military training were greater among women than men. HPG axis responses suggest greater downregulation among women. These findings will enable equitable and individualized management of people undergoing periods of intensive physical stress.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We conducted a comprehensive comparison of adrenal and reproductive function in men and women undergoing 11-mo military training. We found progressively elevated cortisol levels and dynamic cortisol response to stress among women, but not men, and suppression of reproductive function among women. The physiological impact of stressful military training was greater among women than men; this could not be explained by energy balance, and sex-specific effects of sleep, socio-ethnographic, or other stressors may be responsible.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Peptides with a molecular mass between 2 and 10 kDa that are prohibited in elite sports usually require dedicated sample preparation and mass spectrometric detection that commonly cannot be combined with other (lower molecular mass) substances. In most instances, the physicochemical differences are too significant to allow for a generic analytical procedure. A simplification of established and comparably complex analytical approaches is therefore desirable and has been accomplished in the context of this study. With urine samples representing still the most frequently collected doping control specimens, efficient extraction of peptidic analytes from this matrix was a major goal of this method, as demonstrated for the included compounds such as insulins (human, lispro, aspart, glulisine, tresiba, glargine metabolite, bovine insulin, porcine insulin), growth hormone-releasing hormones (sermorelin, CJC-1295, tesamorelin) incl. their respective metabolites, insulin-like-growth factors (long-R3 -IGF-I, R3 -IGF-I, des1-3 -IGF-I), synacthen, gonadorelin and mechano growth factors (human MGF, MGF-Goldspink). Sample preparation and detection are controlled by five internal standards, covering all five included peptide drug categories. Nearly all requirements of the recent technical documents from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) considering their minimum required performance levels (MRPL) are fulfilled, and the method was validated for its utilisation as initial testing procedure in doping controls. Finally, the approach was applied to authentic post-administration study urine samples (for insulins and gonadorelin) in order to provide proof of principle.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

following GnRHa stimulation in boys. This retrospective study analyzed boys evaluated for precocious puberty at the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology at Hanyang University Hospital in Seoul and Guri, between March 2019 and August 2024. The study included all patients who underwent a GnRH or GnRHa stimulation test and showed advanced bone age (BA), with testicular volumes confirmed to be ≥4 mL before the age of 9. For patients whose initial visit occurred at age 9 or older, inclusion criteria were based on clinical suspicions of a testicular volume ≥4 mL before age 9, based on findings of a volume of ≥6 mL before age 9.5 or ≥8 mL before age 10. A total of 55 boys met these criteria: 23 underwent a GnRH stimulation test, and 32 underwent a GnRHa stimulation test. From these, 17 boys from each group (totaling 34) were matched in a 1:1 ratio using propensity score matching based on BA. After matching, the standardized mean difference was 0.026, indicating negligible covariate imbalance between the 2 groups, and multiple regression analysis showed no significant differences in any clinical characteristics between the groups ( P >0.05). Differences between the 2 groups were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U -test. The clinical characteristics, including age, height, weight, body mass index, testicular volume, and basal levels of LH, and testoste rone, showed no significant differences between the 2 groups, except for follicle-stimulating hormone, which has

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC 4.0