Gentamicin 75mg/5ml oral solution
Prescription only
Requires a prescription from a doctor or prescriber
Oral solution
75mg/5ml
Oral
Antibacterial drugs
Active ingredients:
Gentamicin
No active safety alerts
Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
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Official medicine documents
Source: MHRA Products DatabaseOGL 3.0
Updated 3 months ago(16 Jan 2026)Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
MHRA
The MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of suspected side effects from healthcare professionals and patients. View the Drug Analysis Profile (iDAP) for real-world adverse reaction data.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Gentamicin
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Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
EMA
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) collects suspected adverse reaction reports from across the EU/EEA through the EudraVigilance system. Search for safety data on this medicine.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Gentamicin
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EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
1 branded products available
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Part of the Cidomycin brand family (generic: Gentamicin)
1 products
MHRA licensed products
View all licensed products for Gentamicin on the MHRA register
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Amikacin 500mg/100ml infusion polyethylene bottles
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Similarity based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and NHS BNF section grouping. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
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Clinical guidelines and formulary information
British National Formulary
Gentamicin
BNF
Drug monograph — bnf.nice.org.ukSource: British National Formulary, NICE. Joint Formulary Committee. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
NICE clinical guidance(13)
Neonatal infection: antibiotics for prevention and treatment (NG195)
NG195
NICE guideline
Updated Mar 2024Pyelonephritis (acute): antimicrobial prescribing (NG111)
NG111
Guidance
Updated Oct 2018Leg ulcer infection: antimicrobial prescribing (NG152)
NG152
Guidance
Updated Feb 2020Urinary tract infection (catheter-associated): antimicrobial prescribing (NG113)
NG113
Guidance
Updated Nov 2018Prostatitis (acute): antimicrobial prescribing (NG110)
NG110
Guidance
Updated Oct 2018Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management (NG19)
NG19
NICE guideline
Updated Oct 2019Surgical site infections: prevention and treatment (NG125)
NG125
NICE guideline
Updated Aug 2020Diverticular disease: diagnosis and management (NG147)
NG147
NICE guideline
Updated Nov 2019Impetigo: antimicrobial prescribing (NG153)
NG153
Guidance
Updated Feb 2020Micropressure therapy for refractory Ménière's disease (HTG285)
HTG285
Guidance
Updated Apr 2012Secondary bacterial infection of eczema and other common skin conditions: antimicrobial prescribing (NG190)
NG190
Guidance
Updated Mar 2021Genedrive MT-RNR1 ID Kit for detecting a genetic variant to guide antibiotic use and prevent hearing loss in babies: early value assessment (HTG665)
HTG665
Guidance
Updated Aug 2023Suspected sepsis in under 16s: recognition, diagnosis and early management (NG254)
NG254
NICE guideline
Updated Nov 2025Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
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Supply & product information
Official product databases and supply status monitoring
Pharmacy links redirect to the retailer's own search and do not represent real-time stock levels. emc (electronic medicines compendium) is operated by Datapharm Ltd. Shortage information sourced from NHS Specialist Pharmacy Service (SPS), sps.nhs.uk.
Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
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These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
Browse tools
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF codes from NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA). ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
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Searching UK clinical trials...
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
23 found
Half-life
75 minutes
Mechanism
There are 3 key phases of aminoglycoside entry into cells.
Food interactions
None known
Human targets
None mapped
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Half-life
75 minutes
One study assessing the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in children and adults reported a mean half-life of 75 minutes after intravenous administration.
[A234200]…
[A234200]…
Protein binding
0-30%
Studies have determined that plasma protein binding of gentamicin is between 0-30% depending on the method of testing.
[L9689]
[L9689]
Metabolism
Gentamicin undergoes little to no metabolism.
[L33254]
[L33254]
Elimination
70%
Gentamicin is excreted primarily by the kidneys. In patients with normal renal function, 70% or more of an initial gentamicin dose can be recovered in the urine within 24 hours.…
Clearance
The renal clearance of gentamicin is comparable to individual creatinine clearance.
[A234210][L33254]
[A234210][L33254]
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Status:
Approved
Investigational
Vet approved
Small molecule
About this compound
Gentamicin is a bactericidal aminoglycoside that was discovered and isolated from Micromonospora purpurea in 1963.[A234349] It is one of the most frequently prescribed aminoglycosides due to its spectrum of activity, low cost, and availability.[A234339][A234354] Gentamicin is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms but is particularly useful for the treatment of severe gram-negative infections including those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.[A233325][A234359][A234364] There is the added benefit of synergy when gentamicin is co-administered with other antibacterials such as beta-lactams.[A234364] This synergistic activity is not only important for the treatment of complex infections, but can also contribute to dose optimization and reduced adverse effects.[A234359][A234364]
Although gentamicin is well-established and may be used in a variety of clinical applications, it is also associated with severe adverse effects including nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity which may limit its use.[A234369]
Although gentamicin is well-established and may be used in a variety of clinical applications, it is also associated with severe adverse effects including nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity which may limit its use.[A234369]
Properties:
solid
Avg. mass: 1390.73 Da
Also known as(28)
Gentamicin
Gentamicina
gentamycin
30S ribosomal protein S12
strA
6.3.1.5
General stress protein 38
GSP38
Dosage forms(252)
Cream (Topical)
Cream (Topical) — 0.1 %
Solution / drops (Auricular (otic); Ophthalmic)
Cream (Topical) — 0.1 % w/w
Solution / drops (Ophthalmic) — 0.3 %W/V
Solution / drops (Auricular (otic); Ophthalmic) — 0.3 %W/V
Cream (Cutaneous) — 50.000 mg
Cream (Topical) — 0.05 % w/w
Molecular properties(19)
Drug interactions(922)
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Agalsidase beta
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Agalsidase beta can be decreased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
Succinylcholine
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Succinylcholine can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
Metocurine iodide
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Metocurine iodide can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
Gallamine triethiodide
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Gallamine triethiodide can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
Cisatracurium
Moderate
Gentamicin may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Cisatracurium.
Rocuronium
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Rocuronium can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
Atracurium besylate
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Atracurium besylate can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
Doxacurium
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Doxacurium can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
Mivacurium
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Mivacurium can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
Decamethonium
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Decamethonium can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
Metocurine
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Metocurine can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
Pancuronium
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Pancuronium can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
Pipecuronium
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Pipecuronium can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
Vecuronium
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Vecuronium can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
Rapacuronium
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Rapacuronium can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
The therapeutic efficacy of Pyrantel can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
Neosaxitoxin
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Neosaxitoxin can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
Atracurium
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Atracurium can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
The therapeutic efficacy of Gallamine can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
Alcuronium
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Alcuronium can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
Tubocurarine
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Tubocurarine can be increased when used in combination with Gentamicin.
The excretion of Gentamicin can be decreased when combined with Bupropion.
Carboplatin
Major
The risk or severity of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Carboplatin.
The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Foscarnet.
The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Gentamicin.
Tenofovir disoproxil
Moderate
Gentamicin may increase the nephrotoxic activities of Tenofovir disoproxil.
Tenofovir alafenamide
Moderate
Gentamicin may increase the nephrotoxic activities of Tenofovir alafenamide.
Gentamicin may increase the nephrotoxic activities of Tenofovir.
The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Zoledronic acid.
The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Alendronic acid.
Ibandronate
Major
The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Ibandronate.
The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Clodronic acid.
The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Risedronic acid.
The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Etidronic acid.
The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Incadronic acid.
The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Taxifolin is combined with Gentamicin.
Licofelone
Major
The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Licofelone is combined with Gentamicin.
Polmacoxib
Major
The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Polmacoxib is combined with Gentamicin.
The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Ebselen is combined with Gentamicin.
The risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Flurbiprofen axetil is combined with Gentamicin.
Acetyldigitoxin
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Acetyldigitoxin.
Deslanoside
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Deslanoside.
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Ouabain.
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Digitoxin.
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Oleandrin.
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Cymarin.
Proscillaridin
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Proscillaridin.
Lanatoside C
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Lanatoside C.
Gitoformate
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Gitoformate.
Peruvoside
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gentamicin is combined with Peruvoside.
Showing 50 of 922 interactions
Toxicity & overdose
As with other aminoglycosides, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are associated with gentamicin.
[A232294]
Signs of nephrotoxicity include an increase in plasma creatinine and urea, while signs of ototoxicity include issues with balance, nausea, tinnitus, and hearing loss.
[A234339]
It is important to note that aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity is typically reversible, while ototoxicity is more likely to be permanent.
[A232294]
The risk of both toxicities increases with long-term gentamicin therapy.
[A234130]
Gentamicin is considered to be more vestibulotoxic than cochleotoxic compared to other aminoglycosides.
[A232294][A234334]
Unfortunately, gentamicin-related ototoxicity does not correlate with cumulative dosing, peak and trough levels, or dosing schedule.
[A234339]
The unpredictability of ototoxicity supports close monitoring of the patient throughout treatment.
[A234339]
In cases of toxicity or overdose, the medication should be discontinued immediately; hemodialysis may be initiated to lower gentamicin serum concentrations.
[L33254]
[A232294]
Signs of nephrotoxicity include an increase in plasma creatinine and urea, while signs of ototoxicity include issues with balance, nausea, tinnitus, and hearing loss.
[A234339]
It is important to note that aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity is typically reversible, while ototoxicity is more likely to be permanent.
[A232294]
The risk of both toxicities increases with long-term gentamicin therapy.
[A234130]
Gentamicin is considered to be more vestibulotoxic than cochleotoxic compared to other aminoglycosides.
[A232294][A234334]
Unfortunately, gentamicin-related ototoxicity does not correlate with cumulative dosing, peak and trough levels, or dosing schedule.
[A234339]
The unpredictability of ototoxicity supports close monitoring of the patient throughout treatment.
[A234339]
In cases of toxicity or overdose, the medication should be discontinued immediately; hemodialysis may be initiated to lower gentamicin serum concentrations.
[L33254]
How it works
Mechanism of action
There are 3 key phases of aminoglycoside entry into cells.[A232294] The first “ionic binding phase” occurs when polycationic aminoglycosides bind electrostatically to negatively charged components of bacterial cell membranes including with lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids within the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and to teichoic acids and phospholipids within the cell membrane of Gram-positive bacteria. This binding results in displacement of divalent cations and increased membrane permeability, allowing for aminoglycoside entry.[A232294][A232304][A232309][A232314]
The second “energy-dependent phase I” of aminoglycoside entry into the cytoplasm relies on the proton-motive force and allows a limited amount of aminoglycoside access to its primary intracellular target - the bacterial 30S ribosome.[A232294][A232314] This ultimately results in the mistranslation of proteins and disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane.[A233320] Finally, in the “energy-dependent phase II” stage, concentration-dependent bacterial killing is observed. Aminoglycoside rapidly accumulates in the cell due to the damaged cytoplasmic membrane, and protein mistranslation and synthesis inhibition is amplified.[A232294][A232314][A232319] The necessity of oxygen-dependent active transport explains why aminoglycosides are ineffective against anaerobic bacteria.[A234130]
Hence, aminoglycosides have both immediate bactericidal effects through membrane disruption and delayed bactericidal effects through impaired protein synthesis; observed experimental data and mathematical modeling support this two-mechanism model.[A232294][A232299]
Inhibition of protein synthesis is a key component of aminoglycoside efficacy. Structural and cell biological studies suggest that aminoglycosides bind to the 16S rRNA in helix 44 (h44), near the A site of the 30S ribosomal subunit, altering interactions between h44 and h45. This binding also displaces two important residues, A1492 and A1493, from h44, mimicking normal conformational changes that occur with successful codon-anticodon pairing in the A site.[A232324][A232329] Overall, aminoglycoside binding has several negative effects including inhibition of translation, initiation, elongation, and ribosome recycling.[A232294][A232334][A232339] Recent evidence suggests that the latter effect is due to a cryptic second binding site situated in h69 of the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit.[A232329][A232339] Also, by stabilizing a conformation that mimics correct codon-anticodon pairing, aminoglycosides promote error-prone translation.[A232344] Mistranslated proteins can incorporate into the cell membrane, inducing the damage discussed above.[A232294][A232319]
The second “energy-dependent phase I” of aminoglycoside entry into the cytoplasm relies on the proton-motive force and allows a limited amount of aminoglycoside access to its primary intracellular target - the bacterial 30S ribosome.[A232294][A232314] This ultimately results in the mistranslation of proteins and disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane.[A233320] Finally, in the “energy-dependent phase II” stage, concentration-dependent bacterial killing is observed. Aminoglycoside rapidly accumulates in the cell due to the damaged cytoplasmic membrane, and protein mistranslation and synthesis inhibition is amplified.[A232294][A232314][A232319] The necessity of oxygen-dependent active transport explains why aminoglycosides are ineffective against anaerobic bacteria.[A234130]
Hence, aminoglycosides have both immediate bactericidal effects through membrane disruption and delayed bactericidal effects through impaired protein synthesis; observed experimental data and mathematical modeling support this two-mechanism model.[A232294][A232299]
Inhibition of protein synthesis is a key component of aminoglycoside efficacy. Structural and cell biological studies suggest that aminoglycosides bind to the 16S rRNA in helix 44 (h44), near the A site of the 30S ribosomal subunit, altering interactions between h44 and h45. This binding also displaces two important residues, A1492 and A1493, from h44, mimicking normal conformational changes that occur with successful codon-anticodon pairing in the A site.[A232324][A232329] Overall, aminoglycoside binding has several negative effects including inhibition of translation, initiation, elongation, and ribosome recycling.[A232294][A232334][A232339] Recent evidence suggests that the latter effect is due to a cryptic second binding site situated in h69 of the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit.[A232329][A232339] Also, by stabilizing a conformation that mimics correct codon-anticodon pairing, aminoglycosides promote error-prone translation.[A232344] Mistranslated proteins can incorporate into the cell membrane, inducing the damage discussed above.[A232294][A232319]
Pharmacokinetics
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Half-life
One study assessing the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in children and adults reported a mean half-life of 75 minutes after intravenous administration.
[A234200]
The mean half-life associated with intramuscular administration was about 29 minutes longer.
[A234200]
Fever and anemia may result in a shorter half-life although dose adjustments are not usually necessary.
[A234200][L33254]
Severe burns are also associated with a shorter half-life and may result in lower gentamicin serum concentrations.
[L33254]
[A234200]
The mean half-life associated with intramuscular administration was about 29 minutes longer.
[A234200]
Fever and anemia may result in a shorter half-life although dose adjustments are not usually necessary.
[A234200][L33254]
Severe burns are also associated with a shorter half-life and may result in lower gentamicin serum concentrations.
[L33254]
Protein binding
Studies have determined that plasma protein binding of gentamicin is between 0-30% depending on the method of testing.
[L9689]
[L9689]
Metabolism
Gentamicin undergoes little to no metabolism.
[L33254]
[L33254]
Route of elimination
Gentamicin is excreted primarily by the kidneys. In patients with normal renal function, 70% or more of an initial gentamicin dose can be recovered in the urine within 24 hours. Excretion of gentamicin is significantly reduced in patients with renal impairment.
[L33254]
[L33254]
Clearance
The renal clearance of gentamicin is comparable to individual creatinine clearance.
[A234210][L33254]
[A234210][L33254]
Transporters(3)
Proteins that transport this drug across cell membranes
Solute carrier family 22 member 2
SLC22A2
substrate
Specific functionacetylcholine transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular location
Basolateral cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Electrogenic voltage-dependent transporter that mediates the transport of a variety of organic cations such as endogenous bioactive amines, cationic drugs and xenobiotics .
PMID:9260930 PMID:9687576
Functions as a Na(+)-independent, bidirectional uniporter .
PMID:21128598 PMID:9687576
Cation cellular uptake or release is driven by the electrochemical potential, i.e. membrane potential and concentration gradient .
PMID:15212162 PMID:9260930 PMID:9687576
However, may also engage electroneutral cation exchange when saturating concentrations of cation substrates are reached (By similarity). Predominantly expressed at the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and proximal tubules and involved in the uptake and disposition of cationic compounds by hepatic and renal clearance from the blood flow .
PMID:15783073
Implicated in monoamine neurotransmitters uptake such as histamine, dopamine, adrenaline/epinephrine, noradrenaline/norepinephrine, serotonin and tyramine, thereby supporting a physiological role in the central nervous system by regulating interstitial concentrations of neurotransmitters .
PMID:16581093 PMID:17460754 PMID:9687576
Also capable of transporting dopaminergic neuromodulators cyclo(his-pro), salsolinol and N-methyl-salsolinol, thereby involved in the maintenance of dopaminergic cell integrity in the central nervous system .
PMID:17460754
Mediates the bidirectional transport of acetylcholine (ACh) at the apical membrane of ciliated cell in airway epithelium, thereby playing a role in luminal release of ACh from bronchial epithelium .
PMID:15817714
Also transports guanidine and endogenous monoamines such as vitamin B1/thiamine, creatinine and N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN) .
PMID:12089365 PMID:15212162 PMID:17072098 PMID:24961373 PMID:9260930
Mediates the uptake and efflux of quaternary ammonium compound choline .
PMID:9260930
Mediates the bidirectional transport of polyamine agmatine and the uptake of polyamines putrescine and spermidine .
PMID:12538837 PMID:21128598
Able to transport non-amine endogenous compounds such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) .
PMID:11907186
Also involved in the uptake of xenobiotic 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP) .
PMID:12395288 PMID:16394027
May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testis across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable)
PMID:9260930 PMID:9687576
Functions as a Na(+)-independent, bidirectional uniporter .
PMID:21128598 PMID:9687576
Cation cellular uptake or release is driven by the electrochemical potential, i.e. membrane potential and concentration gradient .
PMID:15212162 PMID:9260930 PMID:9687576
However, may also engage electroneutral cation exchange when saturating concentrations of cation substrates are reached (By similarity). Predominantly expressed at the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and proximal tubules and involved in the uptake and disposition of cationic compounds by hepatic and renal clearance from the blood flow .
PMID:15783073
Implicated in monoamine neurotransmitters uptake such as histamine, dopamine, adrenaline/epinephrine, noradrenaline/norepinephrine, serotonin and tyramine, thereby supporting a physiological role in the central nervous system by regulating interstitial concentrations of neurotransmitters .
PMID:16581093 PMID:17460754 PMID:9687576
Also capable of transporting dopaminergic neuromodulators cyclo(his-pro), salsolinol and N-methyl-salsolinol, thereby involved in the maintenance of dopaminergic cell integrity in the central nervous system .
PMID:17460754
Mediates the bidirectional transport of acetylcholine (ACh) at the apical membrane of ciliated cell in airway epithelium, thereby playing a role in luminal release of ACh from bronchial epithelium .
PMID:15817714
Also transports guanidine and endogenous monoamines such as vitamin B1/thiamine, creatinine and N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN) .
PMID:12089365 PMID:15212162 PMID:17072098 PMID:24961373 PMID:9260930
Mediates the uptake and efflux of quaternary ammonium compound choline .
PMID:9260930
Mediates the bidirectional transport of polyamine agmatine and the uptake of polyamines putrescine and spermidine .
PMID:12538837 PMID:21128598
Able to transport non-amine endogenous compounds such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) .
PMID:11907186
Also involved in the uptake of xenobiotic 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP) .
PMID:12395288 PMID:16394027
May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testis across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable)
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2
LRP2
substrate
Specific functioncalcium ion binding
Cellular location
Apical cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Multiligand endocytic receptor (By similarity). Acts together with CUBN to mediate endocytosis of high-density lipoproteins (By similarity). Mediates receptor-mediated uptake of polybasic drugs such as aprotinin, aminoglycosides and polymyxin B (By similarity).
In the kidney, mediates the tubular uptake and clearance of leptin (By similarity). Also mediates transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier through endocytosis at the choroid plexus epithelium (By similarity). Endocytosis of leptin in neuronal cells is required for hypothalamic leptin signaling and leptin-mediated regulation of feeding and body weight (By similarity).
Mediates endocytosis and subsequent lysosomal degradation of CST3 in kidney proximal tubule cells (By similarity). Mediates renal uptake of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in complex with the vitamin D3 transporter GC/DBP (By similarity). Mediates renal uptake of metallothionein-bound heavy metals .
PMID:15126248
Together with CUBN, mediates renal reabsorption of myoglobin (By similarity).
Mediates renal uptake and subsequent lysosomal degradation of APOM (By similarity). Plays a role in kidney selenium homeostasis by mediating renal endocytosis of selenoprotein SEPP1 (By similarity). Mediates renal uptake of the antiapoptotic protein BIRC5/survivin which may be important for functional integrity of the kidney .
PMID:23825075
Mediates renal uptake of matrix metalloproteinase MMP2 in complex with metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP1 (By similarity).
Mediates endocytosis of Sonic hedgehog protein N-product (ShhN), the active product of SHH (By similarity). Also mediates ShhN transcytosis (By similarity). In the embryonic neuroepithelium, mediates endocytic uptake and degradation of BMP4, is required for correct SHH localization in the ventral neural tube and plays a role in patterning of the ventral telencephalon (By similarity).
Required at the onset of neurulation to sequester SHH on the apical surface of neuroepithelial cells of the rostral diencephalon ventral midline and to control PTCH1-dependent uptake and intracellular trafficking of SHH (By similarity). During neurulation, required in neuroepithelial cells for uptake of folate bound to the folate receptor FOLR1 which is necessary for neural tube closure (By similarity). In the adult brain, negatively regulates BMP signaling in the subependymal zone which enables neurogenesis to proceed (By similarity).
In astrocytes, mediates endocytosis of ALB which is required for the synthesis of the neurotrophic factor oleic acid (By similarity). Involved in neurite branching (By similarity). During optic nerve development, required for SHH-mediated migration and proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (By similarity).
Mediates endocytic uptake and clearance of SHH in the retinal margin which protects retinal progenitor cells from mitogenic stimuli and keeps them quiescent (By similarity). Plays a role in reproductive organ development by mediating uptake in reproductive tissues of androgen and estrogen bound to the sex hormone binding protein SHBG (By similarity). Mediates endocytosis of angiotensin-2 (By similarity).
Also mediates endocytosis of angiotensis 1-7 (By similarity). Binds to the complex composed of beta-amyloid protein 40 and CLU/APOJ and mediates its endocytosis and lysosomal degradation (By similarity). Required for embryonic heart development (By similarity).
Required for normal hearing, possibly through interaction with estrogen in the inner ear (By similarity)
In the kidney, mediates the tubular uptake and clearance of leptin (By similarity). Also mediates transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier through endocytosis at the choroid plexus epithelium (By similarity). Endocytosis of leptin in neuronal cells is required for hypothalamic leptin signaling and leptin-mediated regulation of feeding and body weight (By similarity).
Mediates endocytosis and subsequent lysosomal degradation of CST3 in kidney proximal tubule cells (By similarity). Mediates renal uptake of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in complex with the vitamin D3 transporter GC/DBP (By similarity). Mediates renal uptake of metallothionein-bound heavy metals .
PMID:15126248
Together with CUBN, mediates renal reabsorption of myoglobin (By similarity).
Mediates renal uptake and subsequent lysosomal degradation of APOM (By similarity). Plays a role in kidney selenium homeostasis by mediating renal endocytosis of selenoprotein SEPP1 (By similarity). Mediates renal uptake of the antiapoptotic protein BIRC5/survivin which may be important for functional integrity of the kidney .
PMID:23825075
Mediates renal uptake of matrix metalloproteinase MMP2 in complex with metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP1 (By similarity).
Mediates endocytosis of Sonic hedgehog protein N-product (ShhN), the active product of SHH (By similarity). Also mediates ShhN transcytosis (By similarity). In the embryonic neuroepithelium, mediates endocytic uptake and degradation of BMP4, is required for correct SHH localization in the ventral neural tube and plays a role in patterning of the ventral telencephalon (By similarity).
Required at the onset of neurulation to sequester SHH on the apical surface of neuroepithelial cells of the rostral diencephalon ventral midline and to control PTCH1-dependent uptake and intracellular trafficking of SHH (By similarity). During neurulation, required in neuroepithelial cells for uptake of folate bound to the folate receptor FOLR1 which is necessary for neural tube closure (By similarity). In the adult brain, negatively regulates BMP signaling in the subependymal zone which enables neurogenesis to proceed (By similarity).
In astrocytes, mediates endocytosis of ALB which is required for the synthesis of the neurotrophic factor oleic acid (By similarity). Involved in neurite branching (By similarity). During optic nerve development, required for SHH-mediated migration and proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (By similarity).
Mediates endocytic uptake and clearance of SHH in the retinal margin which protects retinal progenitor cells from mitogenic stimuli and keeps them quiescent (By similarity). Plays a role in reproductive organ development by mediating uptake in reproductive tissues of androgen and estrogen bound to the sex hormone binding protein SHBG (By similarity). Mediates endocytosis of angiotensin-2 (By similarity).
Also mediates endocytosis of angiotensis 1-7 (By similarity). Binds to the complex composed of beta-amyloid protein 40 and CLU/APOJ and mediates its endocytosis and lysosomal degradation (By similarity). Required for embryonic heart development (By similarity).
Required for normal hearing, possibly through interaction with estrogen in the inner ear (By similarity)
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2
ABCC2
substrate
Specific functionABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity
Cellular location
Apical cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
ATP-dependent transporter of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family that binds and hydrolyzes ATP to enable active transport of various substrates including many drugs, toxicants and endogenous compound across cell membranes. Transports a wide variety of conjugated organic anions such as sulfate-, glucuronide- and glutathione (GSH)-conjugates of endo- and xenobiotics substrates .
PMID:10220572 PMID:10421658 PMID:11500505 PMID:16332456
Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of mono- and bis-glucuronidated bilirubin molecules and therefore play an important role in bilirubin detoxification .
PMID:10421658
Also mediates hepatobiliary excretion of others glucuronide conjugates such as 17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid and leukotriene C4 .
PMID:11500505
Transports sulfated bile salt such as taurolithocholate sulfate .
PMID:16332456
Transports various anticancer drugs, such as anthracycline, vinca alkaloid and methotrexate and HIV-drugs such as protease inhibitors .
PMID:10220572 PMID:11500505 PMID:12441801
Confers resistance to several anti-cancer drugs including cisplatin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, methotrexate, etoposide and vincristine PMID:10220572 PMID:11500505
PMID:10220572 PMID:10421658 PMID:11500505 PMID:16332456
Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of mono- and bis-glucuronidated bilirubin molecules and therefore play an important role in bilirubin detoxification .
PMID:10421658
Also mediates hepatobiliary excretion of others glucuronide conjugates such as 17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid and leukotriene C4 .
PMID:11500505
Transports sulfated bile salt such as taurolithocholate sulfate .
PMID:16332456
Transports various anticancer drugs, such as anthracycline, vinca alkaloid and methotrexate and HIV-drugs such as protease inhibitors .
PMID:10220572 PMID:11500505 PMID:12441801
Confers resistance to several anti-cancer drugs including cisplatin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, methotrexate, etoposide and vincristine PMID:10220572 PMID:11500505
Biological pathways(1)
Scientific references(20)
Chaves BJ, Tadi P: Gentamicin .
Siber G.R., Echeverria P., Smith A.L., Paisley J.W., Smith D.H.
Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in children and adults.
Journal Infectious Diseases
1975 Dec132(6):637-51. doi: 10.1093/infdis/132.6.637
Jones T.E., Peter J.V., Field J.
Aminoglycoside clearance is a good estimate of creatinine clearance in intensive care unit patients.
Anaesth Intensive Care
2009 Nov37(6):944-52. doi: 10.1177/0310057X0903700611
Ahmed R.M., Hannigan I.P., MacDougall H.G., Chan R.C., Halmagyi G.M.
Gentamicin ototoxicity: a 23-year selected case series of 103 patients.
Medicine Journal Aust
2012 Jun 18196(11):701-4. doi: 10.5694/mja11.10850
Black F.O., Pesznecker S., Stallings V.
Permanent gentamicin vestibulotoxicity.
Otol Neurotol
2004 Jul25(4):559-69. doi: 10.1097/00129492-200407000-00025
Authors unspecified
CSV file with article titles, authors, years, journals, PMID, DOI, Mendeley readers, CiteULike readers, and Twitter, Facebook, Blog, Wikipedia, Google Plus, Pinterest, and F1000 mentions. F1000Research Datasets. doi: 10.5256/f1000research.
12020
d168908
Authors unspecified
Gentamicin..
British Medical Journal
19671(5533):158-159. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5533.158
Kushner B., Allen P.D., Crane B.T.
Frequency and Demographics of Gentamicin Use.
Otol Neurotol
2016 Feb37(2):190-5. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000937
Serio A.W., Keepers T., Andrews L., Krause K.M.
Aminoglycoside Revival: Review of a Historically Important Class of Antimicrobials Undergoing Rejuvenation.
EcoSal Plus
2018 Nov8(1). doi: 10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0002-2018
Chen C., Chen Y., Wu P., Chen B.
Update on new medicinal applications of gentamicin: evidence-based review.
Journal Formos Medicine Assoc
2014 Feb113(2):72-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.10.002. Epub 2013 Nov 9
Krause K.M., Serio A.W., Kane T.R., Connolly L.E.
Aminoglycosides: An Overview.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Medicine
2016 Jun 16(6). pii: 6/6/a027029. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027029
Hayward R.S., Harding J., Molloy R., Land L., Longcroft-Neal K., Moore D., Ross J.D.C.
Adverse effects of a single dose of gentamicin in adults: a systematic review.
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
2018 Feb84(2):223-238. doi: 10.1111/bcp.13439. Epub 2017 Nov 3
Moore R.A., Bates N.C., Hancock R.E.
Interaction of polycationic antibiotics with Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide and lipid A studied by using dansyl-polymyxin.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
1986 Mar29(3):496-500. doi: 10.1128/aac.29.3.496
Hancock R.E., Raffle V.J., Nicas T.I.
Involvement of the outer membrane in gentamicin and streptomycin uptake and killing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
1981 May19(5):777-85. doi: 10.1128/aac.19.5.777
Taber H.W., Mueller J.P., Miller P.F., Arrow A.S.
Bacterial uptake of aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Microbiological Reviews
198751(4):439-457. doi: 10.1128/mr.51.4.439-457.1987
Waters M, Tadi P: Streptomycin .
Ying L., Zhu H., Shoji S., Fredrick K.
Roles of specific aminoglycoside-ribosome interactions in the inhibition of translation.
RNA
2019 Feb25(2):247-254. doi: 10.1261/rna.068460.118. Epub 2018 Nov 9
Wallace B.J., Tai P.C., Herzog E.L., Davis B.D.
Partial inhibition of polysomal ribosomes of Escherichia coli by streptomycin.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1973 Apr70(4):1234-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.4.1234
Borovinskaya M.A., Pai R.D., Zhang W., Schuwirth B.S., Holton J.M., Hirokawa G., Kaji H., Kaji A., Cate J.H.
Structural basis for aminoglycoside inhibition of bacterial ribosome recycling.
Nature Structural Molecular Biological
2007 Aug14(8):727-32. doi: 10.1038/nsmb1271. Epub 2007 Jul 29
Tai P.C., Wallace B.J., Davis B.D.
Streptomycin causes misreading of natural messenger by interacting with ribosomes after initiation.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1978 Jan75(1):275-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.1.275
ATC classification(5 codes)
ATC S01AA11
ATC S02AA14
ATC D06AX07
ATC S03AA06
ATC J01GB03
Affected organisms(6)
Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Yersinia pestis
Francisella tularensis
Proteus vulgaris
Serratia marcescens
International brands(11)
Salt forms(1)
Gentamicin sulfate(DBSALT000690)
Experimental properties(2)
Commercial products(205)
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Show
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Gentamicin
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
8632
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
8630
ChemSpider
8074297
BindingDB
50476074
Guide to Pharmacology
2427
GenBank Gene Database
V00355
GenBank Protein Database
43010
UniProt Accession
RS12_ECOLI
GenBank Gene Database
M15811
GenBank Protein Database
143279
UniProt Accession
NADE_BACSU
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10966
GeneCards
SLC22A2
GenBank Gene Database
X98333
GenBank Protein Database
2281942
Guide to Pharmacology
1020
UniProt Accession
S22A2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6694
GenAtlas
LRP2
GeneCards
LRP2
GenBank Gene Database
U33837
GenBank Protein Database
1809240
UniProt Accession
LRP2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:53
GenAtlas
ABCC2
GeneCards
ABCC2
GenBank Gene Database
U63970
GenBank Protein Database
1764162
Guide to Pharmacology
780
UniProt Accession
MRP2_HUMAN
International reference pricing
25 formulations
Reference pricing from DrugBank. Prices are indicative and may not reflect current UK costs.
From $0.03/ml
To $19.99/tube
Gentamicin 100 mg/ns 100 ml
$0.03/ml
Gentamicin 80 mg/ns 100 ml pb
$0.03/ml
Gentamicin 60 mg/ns 100 ml pb
$0.04/ml
Gentamicin 90 mg/ns 100 ml pb
$0.05/ml
Isoton gentamicin 40 mg/100 ml
$0.05/ml
Source: DrugBank. Used under CC BY-NC 4.0 academic licence for non-commercial purposes.
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications:
Knox C., Wilson M., Klinger C.M., et al
DrugBank 6.
0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024
Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 552(D1):D1265-D1275
Wishart D.S., Feunang Y.D., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank 5.
0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018
Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Nov 846(D1):D1074-D1082
Show earlier publications
Law V., Knox C., Djoumbou Y., et al
DrugBank 4.
0: shedding new light on drug metabolism
Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Jan 142(1):D1091-7
Knox C., Law V., Jewison T., et al
DrugBank 3.
0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan39(Database issue):D1035-41
Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets.
Nucleic Acids Research
2008 Jan36(Database issue):D901-6
Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration.
Nucleic Acids Research
2006 Jan 134(Database issue):D668-72
Source: go.drugbank.comCC BY-NC 4.0
Updated 26 days ago(8 Mar 2026)