Ferric maltol (iron 30mg) capsules
Prescription only
Requires a prescription from a doctor or prescriber
Capsule
30mg
Oral
Anaemias and some other blood disorders
Active ingredients:
Ferric maltol
No active safety alerts
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Safety monitoring data
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1 branded products available
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1 products
MHRA licensed products
View all licensed products for Ferric maltol on the MHRA register
Feraccru 30mg capsules
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£47.60indicative price
This is the NHS Drug Tariff indicative price used for reimbursement purposes. It may not reflect the price paid by patients or pharmacies.
View full Drug TariffSource: NHS Drug Tariff via NHSBSA. Derived from dm+d VMPP (Virtual Medicinal Product Pack) pricing data. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
WHO defined daily dose (DDD)
60 mg
Not a recommended dose. The DDD is the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults. It is a statistical measure used for research and comparison purposes only.
Source: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, distributed via NHS dm+d BNF mapping files. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Therapeutically similar medicines
Show details
Sodium feredetate (iron 27.5mg/5ml) oral solution sugar free
Oral solution
27.5mg/5ml
Same therapeutic group
Polysaccharide-iron complex 100mg/5ml oral solution sugar free
Oral solution
100mg/5ml
Same therapeutic group
Mecobalamin 500microgram tablets
Tablet
Same BNF section
Calcium levomefolate 15mg gastro-resistant tablets
Tablet
15mg
Same BNF section
Vadadustat 150mg tablets
Tablet
150mg
Same BNF section
Similarity based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and NHS BNF section grouping. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
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Clinical guidelines and formulary information
British National Formulary
Ferric maltol
BNF
Drug monograph — bnf.nice.org.ukSource: British National Formulary, NICE. Joint Formulary Committee. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
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Supply & product information
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Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
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These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
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SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF codes from NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA). ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
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Searching UK clinical trials...
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
None known
Half-life
0.7h
Mechanism
Ferric maltol dissociates as the iron atom is donated to unknown iron uptake mec…
Food interactions
1 warning
Human targets
2 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
1.5-3.0 hours
Ferric maltol dissociates in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to a Tmax of 1.5-3.0…
Half-life
0.7h
Maltol has a half life of 0.7h.
[L11010]
[L11010]
Protein binding
Data regarding the protein binding of ferric maltol is not readily available.
[L10974][L11010]
[L10974][L11010]
Volume of distribution
Data regarding the volume of distribution of ferric maltol is not readily available.
[L10974][L11010]
[L10974][L11010]
Metabolism
In vitro, ferric maltol metabolism is predominantly glucuronidation of maltol by UGT1A6 and sulfation.
[L10974]
[L10974]
Elimination
39.8-60%
39.8-60% of an oral dose of ferric maltol is excreted in the urine as a glucuronide conjugate.
[L10974]…
[L10974]…
Clearance
Data regarding the clearance of ferric maltol is not readily available.
[L10974][L11010]
[L10974][L11010]
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Status:
Approved
Small molecule
About this compound
Ferric maltol is an iron(III) atom complexed with 3 maltol molecules to increase the bioavailability compared to iron(II), without depositing it in the duodenum as insoluble ferric hydroxide and phosphate.[A189288] Ferric maltol has been described in literature since at least the late 1980s as a potential treatment for iron deficiency.[A189291]
Ferric maltol was granted FDA Approval on 25 July 2019.[L10974]
Ferric maltol was granted FDA Approval on 25 July 2019.[L10974]
Properties:
solid
Avg. mass: 431.15 Da
DrugBank indication
Ferric maltol is indicated to treat iron deficiency in adults.
[L10974]
[L10974]
Also known as(37)
Ferric maltol
Iron (III) maltol
GP3A
GPIIIa
Platelet membrane glycoprotein IIIa
DCT1
Divalent cation transporter 1
Divalent metal transporter 1
Dosage forms(4)
Capsule (Oral) — 30 mg/1
(Oral) — 30 mg
Capsule (Oral) — 30 MG
Tablet, chewable (Oral) — 100 MG
Molecular properties(19)
Drug interactions(134)
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Dimercaprol
Moderate
Dimercaprol may increase the nephrotoxic activities of Ferric maltol.
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Cefdinir resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Deferiprone
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Deferiprone can be decreased when it is combined with Ferric maltol.
Dolutegravir
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Dolutegravir resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Eltrombopag
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Eltrombopag resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
The bioavailability of Levodopa can be decreased when combined with Ferric maltol.
Levothyroxine
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Levothyroxine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Methyldopa
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Methyldopa resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Penicillamine
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Penicillamine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Lipoic acid
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Lipoic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Moxifloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Moxifloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Grepafloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Grepafloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Enoxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Pefloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Pefloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ciprofloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ciprofloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Trovafloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Trovafloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Nalidixic acid
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Nalidixic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Rosoxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Cinoxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Lomefloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Lomefloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Gatifloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Gatifloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Norfloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Norfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Levofloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Levofloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Gemifloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Gemifloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ofloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Sparfloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sparfloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Temafloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Temafloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Fleroxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Fleroxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Technetium Tc-99m ciprofloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Garenoxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Garenoxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Nemonoxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Nemonoxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Flumequine
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Flumequine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Enrofloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Enrofloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Orbifloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Orbifloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Sarafloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sarafloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Difloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Difloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Pazufloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Pazufloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Prulifloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Prulifloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Delafloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Delafloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Sitafloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Sitafloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Oxolinic acid
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Oxolinic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Rufloxacin
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Rufloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Pipemidic acid
Moderate
Ferric maltol can cause a decrease in the absorption of Pipemidic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Doxycycline
Moderate
Doxycycline can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric maltol resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Lymecycline
Moderate
Lymecycline can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric maltol resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Clomocycline
Moderate
Clomocycline can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric maltol resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Oxytetracycline
Moderate
Oxytetracycline can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric maltol resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Demeclocycline
Moderate
Demeclocycline can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric maltol resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Tetracycline
Moderate
Tetracycline can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric maltol resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Metacycline
Moderate
Metacycline can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferric maltol resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Showing 50 of 134 interactions
Food & lifestyle interactions
Empty Stomach
Take on an empty stomach.
Toxicity & overdose
Data regarding overdoses of ferric maltol are not readily available, however toxicity is expected with acute ingestion of 20mg/kg and 200-250mg/kg is potentially fatal.
[L10974]
Patients experiencing an overdose may present with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, hypoperfusion, metabolic acidosis, and systemic toxicity.
[L10974]
Overdoses should be treated with symptomatic and supportive measures which may include the use of desferroxamine.
[L11010]
Hemodialysis will not remove iron but will remove the iron-desferroxamine complex.
[L11010]
[L10974]
Patients experiencing an overdose may present with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, hypoperfusion, metabolic acidosis, and systemic toxicity.
[L10974]
Overdoses should be treated with symptomatic and supportive measures which may include the use of desferroxamine.
[L11010]
Hemodialysis will not remove iron but will remove the iron-desferroxamine complex.
[L11010]
How it works
Mechanism of action
Ferric maltol dissociates as the iron atom is donated to unknown iron uptake mechanisms, possibly beta 3 integrin or divalent metal transporter 1,[A189306] in the ileum and duodenum.[A189294] Once the iron is in circulation, it then associates with transferrin and ferritin.[L10974]
Pharmacodynamics
Ferric maltol is used to provide supplemental iron to patients with an iron deficiency.[L10974] It has a wide therapeutic index as patients generally take 30mg twice daily, while concentrations of 20mg/kg may produce toxicity.[L10974] Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of inflammatory bowel disease flares, iron overload, and accidental ingestion in children.[L10974]
Pharmacokinetics
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Absorption
Ferric maltol dissociates in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to a Tmax of 1.5-3.0 hours for iron concentrations.
[A189306][L10974]
Mean serum iron increases by 14±6µmol/L in iron deficient patients following a single dose.
[A189288]
a 60mg dose is approximately 14% bioavailable.
[A189300]
60 minutes after injection of radiolabelled ferric maltol, 11+2% of the dose is present in the bone marrow, 18±1% is present in the liver, and 2.6±1% is in the urine.
[A189297]
Maltol has an AUC of 0.022-0.205h\*µg/mL and maltol glucuronide has an AUC of 9.83-30.9h\*µg/mL.
[L11010]
[A189306][L10974]
Mean serum iron increases by 14±6µmol/L in iron deficient patients following a single dose.
[A189288]
a 60mg dose is approximately 14% bioavailable.
[A189300]
60 minutes after injection of radiolabelled ferric maltol, 11+2% of the dose is present in the bone marrow, 18±1% is present in the liver, and 2.6±1% is in the urine.
[A189297]
Maltol has an AUC of 0.022-0.205h\*µg/mL and maltol glucuronide has an AUC of 9.83-30.9h\*µg/mL.
[L11010]
Half-life
Maltol has a half life of 0.7h.
[L11010]
[L11010]
Protein binding
Data regarding the protein binding of ferric maltol is not readily available.
[L10974][L11010]
[L10974][L11010]
Volume of distribution
Data regarding the volume of distribution of ferric maltol is not readily available.
[L10974][L11010]
[L10974][L11010]
Metabolism
In vitro, ferric maltol metabolism is predominantly glucuronidation of maltol by UGT1A6 and sulfation.
[L10974]
[L10974]
Route of elimination
39.8-60% of an oral dose of ferric maltol is excreted in the urine as a glucuronide conjugate.
[L10974]
Iron and ferric maltol are not excreted in the urine and unabsorbed ferric maltol is eliminated in the feces.
[A189306]
[L10974]
Iron and ferric maltol are not excreted in the urine and unabsorbed ferric maltol is eliminated in the feces.
[A189306]
Clearance
Data regarding the clearance of ferric maltol is not readily available.
[L10974][L11010]
[L10974][L11010]
Drug targets(2)
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
Integrin beta-3
ITGB3
substrate
Specific functioncell adhesion molecule binding
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV:ITGB3) is a receptor for cytotactin, fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 (ITGA2B:ITGB3) is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. Integrins alpha-IIb/beta-3 and alpha-V/beta-3 recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands.
Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A-G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain (By similarity). Following activation integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 brings about platelet/platelet interaction through binding of soluble fibrinogen .
PMID:9111081
This step leads to rapid platelet aggregation which physically plugs ruptured endothelial surface. Fibrinogen binding enhances SELP expression in activated platelets (By similarity).
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to fractalkine (CX3CL1) and acts as its coreceptor in CX3CR1-dependent fractalkine signaling .
PMID:23125415 PMID:24789099
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to NRG1 (via EGF domain) and this binding is essential for NRG1-ERBB signaling .
PMID:20682778
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to FGF1 and this binding is essential for FGF1 signaling .
PMID:18441324
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to FGF2 and this binding is essential for FGF2 signaling .
PMID:28302677
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to IGF1 and this binding is essential for IGF1 signaling .
PMID:19578119
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to IGF2 and this binding is essential for IGF2 signaling .
PMID:28873464
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to IL1B and this binding is essential for IL1B signaling .
PMID:29030430
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to PLA2G2A via a site (site 2) which is distinct from the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) and this induces integrin conformational changes and enhanced ligand binding to site 1 .
PMID:18635536 PMID:25398877
ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and mediates R-G-D-dependent cell adhesion to FBN1 .
PMID:12807887
In brain, plays a role in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Involved in the regulation of the serotonin neurotransmission, is required to localize to specific compartments within the synapse the serotonin receptor SLC6A4 and for an appropriate reuptake of serotonin. Controls excitatory synaptic strength by regulating GRIA2-containing AMPAR endocytosis, which affects AMPAR abundance and composition (By similarity).
ITGAV:ITGB3 act as a receptor for CD40LG .
PMID:31331973
ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for IBSP and promotes cell adhesion and migration to IBSP PMID:10640428
Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A-G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain (By similarity). Following activation integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 brings about platelet/platelet interaction through binding of soluble fibrinogen .
PMID:9111081
This step leads to rapid platelet aggregation which physically plugs ruptured endothelial surface. Fibrinogen binding enhances SELP expression in activated platelets (By similarity).
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to fractalkine (CX3CL1) and acts as its coreceptor in CX3CR1-dependent fractalkine signaling .
PMID:23125415 PMID:24789099
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to NRG1 (via EGF domain) and this binding is essential for NRG1-ERBB signaling .
PMID:20682778
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to FGF1 and this binding is essential for FGF1 signaling .
PMID:18441324
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to FGF2 and this binding is essential for FGF2 signaling .
PMID:28302677
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to IGF1 and this binding is essential for IGF1 signaling .
PMID:19578119
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to IGF2 and this binding is essential for IGF2 signaling .
PMID:28873464
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to IL1B and this binding is essential for IL1B signaling .
PMID:29030430
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to PLA2G2A via a site (site 2) which is distinct from the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) and this induces integrin conformational changes and enhanced ligand binding to site 1 .
PMID:18635536 PMID:25398877
ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and mediates R-G-D-dependent cell adhesion to FBN1 .
PMID:12807887
In brain, plays a role in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Involved in the regulation of the serotonin neurotransmission, is required to localize to specific compartments within the synapse the serotonin receptor SLC6A4 and for an appropriate reuptake of serotonin. Controls excitatory synaptic strength by regulating GRIA2-containing AMPAR endocytosis, which affects AMPAR abundance and composition (By similarity).
ITGAV:ITGB3 act as a receptor for CD40LG .
PMID:31331973
ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for IBSP and promotes cell adhesion and migration to IBSP PMID:10640428
Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2
SLC11A2
substrate
Specific functioncadmium ion binding
Cellular location
Early endosome membrane
General function & pharmacology
Proton-coupled metal ion symporter operating with a proton to metal ion stoichiometry of 1:1 .
PMID:17109629 PMID:17293870 PMID:22736759 PMID:25326704 PMID:25491917
Selectively transports various divalent metal cations, in decreasing affinity: Cd(2+) > Fe(2+) > Co(2+), Mn(2+) >> Zn(2+), Ni(2+), VO(2+) .
PMID:17109629 PMID:17293870 PMID:22736759 PMID:25326704 PMID:25491917
Essential for maintenance of iron homeostasis by modulating intestinal absorption of dietary Fe(2+) and TF-associated endosomal Fe(2+) transport in erythroid precursors and other cells (By similarity). Enables Fe(2+) and Mn(2+) ion entry into mitochondria, and is thus expected to promote mitochondrial heme synthesis, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis and antioxidant defense (By similarity) .
PMID:24448823
Can mediate uncoupled fluxes of either protons or metal ions
PMID:17109629 PMID:17293870 PMID:22736759 PMID:25326704 PMID:25491917
Selectively transports various divalent metal cations, in decreasing affinity: Cd(2+) > Fe(2+) > Co(2+), Mn(2+) >> Zn(2+), Ni(2+), VO(2+) .
PMID:17109629 PMID:17293870 PMID:22736759 PMID:25326704 PMID:25491917
Essential for maintenance of iron homeostasis by modulating intestinal absorption of dietary Fe(2+) and TF-associated endosomal Fe(2+) transport in erythroid precursors and other cells (By similarity). Enables Fe(2+) and Mn(2+) ion entry into mitochondria, and is thus expected to promote mitochondrial heme synthesis, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis and antioxidant defense (By similarity) .
PMID:24448823
Can mediate uncoupled fluxes of either protons or metal ions
Metabolizing enzymes(1)
Enzymes involved in drug metabolism — important for understanding drug interactions
Enzyme activity key
substrate
inhibitor
inducer
UGT1A6UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6
substrate
Transporters(2)
Proteins that transport this drug across cell membranes
Integrin beta-3
ITGB3
substrate
Specific functioncell adhesion molecule binding
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV:ITGB3) is a receptor for cytotactin, fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 (ITGA2B:ITGB3) is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. Integrins alpha-IIb/beta-3 and alpha-V/beta-3 recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands.
Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A-G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain (By similarity). Following activation integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 brings about platelet/platelet interaction through binding of soluble fibrinogen .
PMID:9111081
This step leads to rapid platelet aggregation which physically plugs ruptured endothelial surface. Fibrinogen binding enhances SELP expression in activated platelets (By similarity).
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to fractalkine (CX3CL1) and acts as its coreceptor in CX3CR1-dependent fractalkine signaling .
PMID:23125415 PMID:24789099
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to NRG1 (via EGF domain) and this binding is essential for NRG1-ERBB signaling .
PMID:20682778
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to FGF1 and this binding is essential for FGF1 signaling .
PMID:18441324
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to FGF2 and this binding is essential for FGF2 signaling .
PMID:28302677
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to IGF1 and this binding is essential for IGF1 signaling .
PMID:19578119
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to IGF2 and this binding is essential for IGF2 signaling .
PMID:28873464
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to IL1B and this binding is essential for IL1B signaling .
PMID:29030430
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to PLA2G2A via a site (site 2) which is distinct from the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) and this induces integrin conformational changes and enhanced ligand binding to site 1 .
PMID:18635536 PMID:25398877
ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and mediates R-G-D-dependent cell adhesion to FBN1 .
PMID:12807887
In brain, plays a role in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Involved in the regulation of the serotonin neurotransmission, is required to localize to specific compartments within the synapse the serotonin receptor SLC6A4 and for an appropriate reuptake of serotonin. Controls excitatory synaptic strength by regulating GRIA2-containing AMPAR endocytosis, which affects AMPAR abundance and composition (By similarity).
ITGAV:ITGB3 act as a receptor for CD40LG .
PMID:31331973
ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for IBSP and promotes cell adhesion and migration to IBSP PMID:10640428
Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A-G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain (By similarity). Following activation integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 brings about platelet/platelet interaction through binding of soluble fibrinogen .
PMID:9111081
This step leads to rapid platelet aggregation which physically plugs ruptured endothelial surface. Fibrinogen binding enhances SELP expression in activated platelets (By similarity).
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to fractalkine (CX3CL1) and acts as its coreceptor in CX3CR1-dependent fractalkine signaling .
PMID:23125415 PMID:24789099
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to NRG1 (via EGF domain) and this binding is essential for NRG1-ERBB signaling .
PMID:20682778
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to FGF1 and this binding is essential for FGF1 signaling .
PMID:18441324
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to FGF2 and this binding is essential for FGF2 signaling .
PMID:28302677
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to IGF1 and this binding is essential for IGF1 signaling .
PMID:19578119
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to IGF2 and this binding is essential for IGF2 signaling .
PMID:28873464
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to IL1B and this binding is essential for IL1B signaling .
PMID:29030430
ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to PLA2G2A via a site (site 2) which is distinct from the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) and this induces integrin conformational changes and enhanced ligand binding to site 1 .
PMID:18635536 PMID:25398877
ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and mediates R-G-D-dependent cell adhesion to FBN1 .
PMID:12807887
In brain, plays a role in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Involved in the regulation of the serotonin neurotransmission, is required to localize to specific compartments within the synapse the serotonin receptor SLC6A4 and for an appropriate reuptake of serotonin. Controls excitatory synaptic strength by regulating GRIA2-containing AMPAR endocytosis, which affects AMPAR abundance and composition (By similarity).
ITGAV:ITGB3 act as a receptor for CD40LG .
PMID:31331973
ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for IBSP and promotes cell adhesion and migration to IBSP PMID:10640428
Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2
SLC11A2
substrate
Specific functioncadmium ion binding
Cellular location
Early endosome membrane
General function & pharmacology
Proton-coupled metal ion symporter operating with a proton to metal ion stoichiometry of 1:1 .
PMID:17109629 PMID:17293870 PMID:22736759 PMID:25326704 PMID:25491917
Selectively transports various divalent metal cations, in decreasing affinity: Cd(2+) > Fe(2+) > Co(2+), Mn(2+) >> Zn(2+), Ni(2+), VO(2+) .
PMID:17109629 PMID:17293870 PMID:22736759 PMID:25326704 PMID:25491917
Essential for maintenance of iron homeostasis by modulating intestinal absorption of dietary Fe(2+) and TF-associated endosomal Fe(2+) transport in erythroid precursors and other cells (By similarity). Enables Fe(2+) and Mn(2+) ion entry into mitochondria, and is thus expected to promote mitochondrial heme synthesis, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis and antioxidant defense (By similarity) .
PMID:24448823
Can mediate uncoupled fluxes of either protons or metal ions
PMID:17109629 PMID:17293870 PMID:22736759 PMID:25326704 PMID:25491917
Selectively transports various divalent metal cations, in decreasing affinity: Cd(2+) > Fe(2+) > Co(2+), Mn(2+) >> Zn(2+), Ni(2+), VO(2+) .
PMID:17109629 PMID:17293870 PMID:22736759 PMID:25326704 PMID:25491917
Essential for maintenance of iron homeostasis by modulating intestinal absorption of dietary Fe(2+) and TF-associated endosomal Fe(2+) transport in erythroid precursors and other cells (By similarity). Enables Fe(2+) and Mn(2+) ion entry into mitochondria, and is thus expected to promote mitochondrial heme synthesis, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis and antioxidant defense (By similarity) .
PMID:24448823
Can mediate uncoupled fluxes of either protons or metal ions
Scientific references(6)
Kelsey S.M., Blake D.R., Hider R.C., Gutteridge C.N., Newland A.C.
Absorption of ferric maltol, a novel ferric iron compound, in iron-deficient subjects.
Clinical Lab Haematol
198911(3):287-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2257.1989.tb00222.x
Barrand M.A., Callingham B.A., Hider R.C.
Effects of the pyrones, maltol and ethyl maltol, on iron absorption from the rat small intestine.
Journal Pharmacy Pharmacology
1987 Mar39(3):203-11. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1987.tb06249.x
Barrand M.A., Callingham B.A.
Evidence for regulatory control of iron uptake from ferric maltol across the small intestine of the rat.
British Journal Pharmacology
1991 Feb102(2):408-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12187.x
Barrand M.A., Callingham B.A., Dobbin P., Hider R.C.
Dissociation of a ferric maltol complex and its subsequent metabolism during absorption across the small intestine of the rat.
British Journal Pharmacology
1991 Mar102(3):723-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12240.x
Kelsey S.M., Hider R.C., Bloor J.R., Blake D.R., Gutteridge C.N., Newland A.C.
Absorption of low and therapeutic doses of ferric maltol, a novel ferric iron compound, in iron deficient subjects using a single dose iron absorption test.
Journal Clinical Pharmacy Therapeutics
1991 Apr16(2):117-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1991.tb00292.x
Stallmach A., Buning C.
Ferric maltol (ST10): a novel oral iron supplement for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in inflammatory bowel disease.
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
201516(18):2859-67. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2015.1096929. Epub 2015 Nov 23
ATC classification(1 code)
ATC B03AB10
Experimental properties(2)
Commercial products(6)
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Show
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Ferric maltol
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
309
ChemSpider
148265
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6156
GenAtlas
ITGB3
GeneCards
ITGB3
GenBank Gene Database
J02703
GenBank Protein Database
306786
Guide to Pharmacology
2457
UniProt Accession
ITB3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10908
GeneCards
SLC11A2
Guide to Pharmacology
967
UniProt Accession
NRAM2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:12538
GeneCards
UGT1A6
UniProt Accession
UD16_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6156
GenAtlas
ITGB3
GeneCards
ITGB3
GenBank Gene Database
J02703
GenBank Protein Database
306786
Guide to Pharmacology
2457
UniProt Accession
ITB3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10908
GeneCards
SLC11A2
Guide to Pharmacology
967
UniProt Accession
NRAM2_HUMAN
Patent information
3 active patents
9802973
United States
Approved 31 Oct 2017 · Expires 23 Oct 2035
9y 6m
10179120
United States
Approved 15 Jan 2019 · Expires 6 Jan 2035
8y 9m
9248148
United States
Approved 2 Feb 2016 · Expires 29 Mar 2031
4y 12m
Source: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0. Patent data sourced from national patent offices. Expiry dates may not reflect extensions, regulatory exclusivity periods, or legal challenges.
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications:
Knox C., Wilson M., Klinger C.M., et al
DrugBank 6.
0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024
Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 552(D1):D1265-D1275
Wishart D.S., Feunang Y.D., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank 5.
0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018
Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Nov 846(D1):D1074-D1082
Show earlier publications
Law V., Knox C., Djoumbou Y., et al
DrugBank 4.
0: shedding new light on drug metabolism
Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Jan 142(1):D1091-7
Knox C., Law V., Jewison T., et al
DrugBank 3.
0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan39(Database issue):D1035-41
Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets.
Nucleic Acids Research
2008 Jan36(Database issue):D901-6
Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration.
Nucleic Acids Research
2006 Jan 134(Database issue):D668-72
Source: go.drugbank.comCC BY-NC 4.0
Updated about 1 month ago(4 Mar 2026)