Cyclizine 2.5mg/5ml oral solution

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are frequent complications following general anaesthesia, demanding effective and cost-efficient prophylactic strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the comparative efficacy and safety of ondansetron versus cyclizine for PONV prophylaxis in adult surgical patients by adopting a meta-analysis research approach. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were adopted in selecting and screening the studies. A computer-based search of the EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL databases was carried out using the last search up to November 2025. The risk of bias of the included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess robustness, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). All statistical analyses were performed using MetaAnalysisOnline software. Four RCTs involving 433 adult surgical patients were included. Pooled analysis showed that ondansetron did not significantly reduce the incidence of any PONV compared to cyclizine (odds ratio: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.61, p=0.45). Sensitivity analysis confirmed this finding across surgical subtypes. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative vomiting (odds ratio: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.61 to 2.02, p=0.74) or the requirement for rescue antiemetics (odds ratio: 1.83, 95% CI: 0.95 to 3.52, p=0.07). However, moderate heterogeneity was observed (I2=68%) for the primary outcome, and cyclizine was associated with a statistically significant, though clinically small, delay in time to eye opening (mean difference: 2.00 min, p<0.001). The overall certainty of evidence was graded as low to very low. Low-certainty evidence indicates that cyclizine is a reasonable approach to preventing PONV, offering comparable efficacy to ondansetron without prolonging hospital discharge times. Due to its cost-effectiveness and potential specific benefit in diagnostic laparoscopy, it might be useful for ambulatory surgical centres aiming to optimize value-based care. However, the efficacy of cyclizine within modern multimodal protocols has not been consistently determined by these monotherapy trials, and long-term assessments of combined antiemetic strategies need to be evaluated.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Cardiovascular diseases are the primary factor for increased mortality rates around the world. Atherosclerosis brought on by high serum cholesterol can result in coronary heart disease (CHD). The risk of CHD is markedly reduced by lowering serum cholesterol levels. Scientists across the world are inventing new treatment regimens for lowering blood lipid levels. In this work, we repurposed the already established drugs, i.e., cyclizine derivatives as antihyperlipidemic agents. The repurposing was done based on the similarity of the selected cyclizine derivatives with the already established antihyperlipidemic drug, fenofibrate. Computational studies were performed and the 16 cyclizine derivatives docked against PPAR. alpha scored higher than fenofibrate. Lifarizine and medibazine outperform fenofibrate inmmgbsa. Fenofibrate, etodroxizine, meclizine, and cinnarizine had similar mmgbsa scores. The ADME properties of these compounds were performed and from that etodroxizine and levocetirizine were found to have better properties. The computational studies were performed using the Schrodinger software, maestro 12.8. The “Protein Preparation Wizard” module in the Maestro panel was used to create the protein structure and OPLS4 force field was used for energy minimization. The maestro builder panel’s “Ligprep”, “Receptor Grid Generation” and “Ligand Docking” modules were then used to prepare ligands, receptor grids and to perform docking respectively. MMGBSA was performed on the “prime MMGBSA” segment. Using the “Qikprop” setting in the maestro panel, a number of ADMET properties were predicted, and the program was run in default mode using vsgb as the solvation model.

Abstract licence: CC BY 4.0

In this study, protonation constant values and liquid chromatographic behaviors of hydrophobic cyclizine, chlorcyclizine, hydroxyzine, cinnarizine, cetirizine, meclizine, and buclizine in some water-organic solvent binary mixtures were examined for the first time using classical and green reverse phase liquid chromatography methods. In the isocratic study, the relationship of the retention time and mobile phase pH in water-organic solvent binary mixtures containing acetonitrile (45, 50, 55, 60, 65%, v/v), methanol (60, 65, 70, 75%, v/v) and ethanol (45, 50, 55, 56, 59, 60, 62, 65%, v/v) were determined at 37 °C. In the study, XBridge C18 and Gemini NX C18 columns suitable for the chemical properties of basic compounds were used. The obtained liquid chromatographic data were analyzed using the linear solvation energy relationship methodology and the SOLVER program. The aqueous protonation constant values of the investigated compounds were calculated using the linear relationship between the protonation constant data calculated in studied binary mixtures and some macroscopic constant values of the solvents used. The greenness of methods developed using three different solvents was evaluated with the Analytical Greenness Metric Approach, the Green Analytical Procedures Index, and the Green Solvent Selection Tool approaches.

Abstract licence: CC BY