Benzatropine 2mg/2ml solution for injection vials
Injection
2mg/2ml
Parenteral
Benztropine, with the chemical formula 3alpha-diphenylmethoxytropane, is a tropane-based dopamine inhibitor used for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Active ingredients:
Benzatropine
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EMA
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Benzatropine
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EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
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Clinical guidelines and formulary information
British National Formulary
Benzatropine
BNF
Drug monograph — bnf.nice.org.ukSource: British National Formulary, NICE. Joint Formulary Committee. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
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Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
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These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF codes from NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
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Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
None known
Half-life
36 hours
Mechanism
Benztropine is an agent with anti-muscarinic and antihistaminic effects.
Food interactions
2 warnings
Human targets
5 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
1.5 mg
Oral administration of 1.5 mg of benztropine is slowly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and it reaches a peak concentration of 2.5…
Half-life
36 hours
The elimination half-life of benztropine is very variable and it is reported to be of around 36 hours.F3682
Protein binding
95%
About 95% of the administered dose of benztropine is found bound to plasma proteins.T445
Volume of distribution
12-30 L/kg
Benztropine is expected to present a large volume of distribution between 12-30 L/kg.
[A175126]
[A175126]
Metabolism
Benztropine has been shown to undergo metabolism mainly marked by N-oxidation, N-dealkylation and ring hydroxylation.
[A175087]…
[A175087]…
Elimination
Benztropine is mainly excreted in the urine but it is also found in the feces unchanged.
[A1628]
[A1628]
Clearance
Extensive pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic studies have not been performed.
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Status:
Approved
Small molecule
About this compound
Benztropine, with the chemical formula 3alpha-diphenylmethoxytropane, is a tropane-based dopamine inhibitor used for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is a combination molecule between a tropane ring, similar to cocaine, and a diphenyl ether from the dialkylpiperazines determined to be a dopamine uptake inhibitor since 1970. The generation of structure-activity relationships proved that benztropine derivatives with the presence of a chlorine substituent in the para position in one of the phenyl rings produces an increased potency for dopamine uptake inhibition as well as a decreased inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine.[A37914] Benztropine was developed by USL Pharma and officially approved by the FDA on 1996.[L5500]
Properties:
View FDA drug labelsolid
Avg. mass: 307.43 Da
DrugBank indication
Benztropine is indicated to be used as an adjunct in the therapy of all forms of parkinsonism. It can also be used for the control of extrapyramidal disorders due to neuroleptic drugs.T203
The extrapyramidal symptoms are defined as drug-induced disorders that include symptoms of dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, bradykinesia, tremors, and dyskinesia.
[A175120]
Parkinsonism is a general term that refers to the group of neurological disorders that produce symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease such as tremors, slow movement, and stiffness. The parkinsonism includes a large number of disorders and some of them have not been clearly defined.
[L5509]
The extrapyramidal symptoms are defined as drug-induced disorders that include symptoms of dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, bradykinesia, tremors, and dyskinesia.
[A175120]
Parkinsonism is a general term that refers to the group of neurological disorders that produce symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease such as tremors, slow movement, and stiffness. The parkinsonism includes a large number of disorders and some of them have not been clearly defined.
[L5509]
Also known as(29)
3-alpha-(diphenylmethoxy)tropane
3endo-benzhydryloxytropane
3α-(diphenylmethoxy)-1αH,5αH-tropane
3α-(diphenylmethoxy)tropane
3α-benzhydryloxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane
Benzatropina
Benzatropine
Benzatropinum
Dosage forms(17)
Tablet (Oral) — 2 mg
Injection, solution (Intramuscular; Intravenous) — 2.0 mg/2ml
Solution (Intramuscular; Intravenous) — 2 mg / 2 mL
Injection (Intramuscular; Intravenous) — 1 mg/1mL
Injection, solution (Intramuscular; Intravenous) — 1 mg/1mL
Tablet (Oral) — 0.5 mg/1
Tablet (Oral) — 1 mg/1
Tablet (Oral) — 2 mg/1
Molecular properties(18)
Drug interactions(1603)
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Aclidinium
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Aclidinium.
Mianserin may increase the anticholinergic activities of Benzatropine.
Mirabegron
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of urinary retention can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Mirabegron.
Potassium chloride
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of gastrointestinal ulceration can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Potassium chloride.
Pramlintide
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of reduced gastrointestinal motility can be increased when Pramlintide is combined with Benzatropine.
Secretin porcine
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Secretin porcine can be decreased when used in combination with Benzatropine.
Tiotropium
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Tiotropium.
Topiramate
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of hyperthermia and oligohydrosis can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Topiramate.
Umeclidinium
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Umeclidinium.
Ioflupane I-123
Moderate
Benzatropine may decrease effectiveness of Ioflupane I-123 as a diagnostic agent.
Methylphenidate
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methylphenidate is combined with Benzatropine.
Dexmethylphenidate
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dexmethylphenidate is combined with Benzatropine.
Benzatropine may decrease effectiveness of Benzylpenicilloyl polylysine as a diagnostic agent.
Betahistine
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Betahistine can be decreased when used in combination with Benzatropine.
Hyaluronidase (ovine)
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Hyaluronidase (ovine) can be decreased when used in combination with Benzatropine.
The therapeutic efficacy of Hyaluronidase (human recombinant) can be decreased when used in combination with Benzatropine.
Hyaluronidase
Moderate
The therapeutic efficacy of Hyaluronidase can be decreased when used in combination with Benzatropine.
Glycopyrronium
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Glycopyrronium.
Botulinum toxin type A
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Botulinum toxin type A.
Benzatropine may increase the gastrointestinal motility reducing activities of Glucagon.
Botulinum toxin type B
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Botulinum toxin type B.
Eluxadoline
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of constipation can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Eluxadoline.
Ramosetron
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of constipation can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Ramosetron.
Amphetamine
Moderate
Amphetamine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Phentermine
Moderate
Phentermine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Pseudoephedrine
Moderate
Pseudoephedrine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Benzphetamine
Moderate
Benzphetamine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Diethylpropion
Moderate
Diethylpropion may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Lisdexamfetamine
Moderate
Lisdexamfetamine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Mephentermine
Moderate
Mephentermine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Midomafetamine
Moderate
Midomafetamine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Brolamfetamine
Moderate
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Tenamfetamine
Moderate
Tenamfetamine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Chlorphentermine
Moderate
Chlorphentermine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Methylenedioxyethamphetamine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Dextroamphetamine
Moderate
Dextroamphetamine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Metamfetamine
Moderate
Metamfetamine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Iofetamine I-123
Moderate
Iofetamine I-123 may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Ritobegron
Moderate
Ritobegron may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Mephedrone
Moderate
Mephedrone may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Methoxyphenamine
Moderate
Methoxyphenamine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Gepefrine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Phendimetrazine
Moderate
Phendimetrazine may decrease the sedative activities of Benzatropine.
Naltrexone
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Naltrexone.
Bezitramide
Unknown severity
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Bezitramide.
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Tramadol.
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Morphine.
Showing 50 of 1603 interactions
Food & lifestyle interactions
Avoid Alcohol
Avoid alcohol.
Take With Food
Take with food. Food reduces irritation.
Toxicity & overdose
The oral LD50 of benztropine is reported to be of 940 mg/kg in rats.MSDS In the presence of overdose with benztropine, it has been observed symptoms of circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest, respiratory depression, respiratory arrest, psychosis, shock, coma, seizure, ataxia, combativeness, anhidrosis, hyperthermia, fever, dysphagia, decreased bowel sounds and sluggish pupils.F3682
How it works
Mechanism of action
Benztropine is an agent with anti-muscarinic and antihistaminic effects. Its main mechanism of action is presented by the selective inhibition of dopamine transporters but it also presents affinity for histamine and muscarine receptors.[A175084]
It is widely known that benztropine is a potent inhibitor of presynaptic carrier-mediated dopamine transport. As well, it is known to be an analog of atropine and hence, it has a large affinity for muscarinic receptors M1 in the human brain. Once bound, benztropine blocks the activity of the muscarinic receptors mainly in the striatum.[A1628]
The increased advantage of benztropine lays on the antagonism of acetylcholine activity which corrects the imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine in Parkinson patients.F3679
It is widely known that benztropine is a potent inhibitor of presynaptic carrier-mediated dopamine transport. As well, it is known to be an analog of atropine and hence, it has a large affinity for muscarinic receptors M1 in the human brain. Once bound, benztropine blocks the activity of the muscarinic receptors mainly in the striatum.[A1628]
The increased advantage of benztropine lays on the antagonism of acetylcholine activity which corrects the imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine in Parkinson patients.F3679
Pharmacodynamics
The inhibition of dopamine reuptake by benztropine produces a dose-dependent increase of dopamine in the nerve terminal of the dopaminergic system.[A1628]
Clinically the activity of benztropine is observed after 1-2 hours of oral administration and after a few minutes of intramuscular administration with a last-longing effect of about 24 hours. Reports have indicated that benztropine has a very large sedative effect.[A1628]
The antihistaminic effect of benztropine is very similar to the effect found in [pyrilamine] and the anticholinergic activity was found to be equal to [atropine] ex vivo and of about 50% activity in vivo.F3679
Clinically the activity of benztropine is observed after 1-2 hours of oral administration and after a few minutes of intramuscular administration with a last-longing effect of about 24 hours. Reports have indicated that benztropine has a very large sedative effect.[A1628]
The antihistaminic effect of benztropine is very similar to the effect found in [pyrilamine] and the anticholinergic activity was found to be equal to [atropine] ex vivo and of about 50% activity in vivo.F3679
Pharmacokinetics
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Absorption
Oral administration of 1.5 mg of benztropine is slowly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and it reaches a peak concentration of 2.5 ng/ml in about 7 hours.
[A175087]
It has an approximate oral bioavailability of 29%.T445
[A175087]
It has an approximate oral bioavailability of 29%.T445
Half-life
The elimination half-life of benztropine is very variable and it is reported to be of around 36 hours.F3682
Protein binding
About 95% of the administered dose of benztropine is found bound to plasma proteins.T445
Volume of distribution
Benztropine is expected to present a large volume of distribution between 12-30 L/kg.
[A175126]
[A175126]
Metabolism
Benztropine has been shown to undergo metabolism mainly marked by N-oxidation, N-dealkylation and ring hydroxylation.
[A175087]
The extensive metabolism of benztropine produces eight phase-I metabolites plus four glucuronide conjugates.
[A1628]
[A175087]
The extensive metabolism of benztropine produces eight phase-I metabolites plus four glucuronide conjugates.
[A1628]
Route of elimination
Benztropine is mainly excreted in the urine but it is also found in the feces unchanged.
[A1628]
[A1628]
Clearance
Extensive pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic studies have not been performed.
Drug targets(5)
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
CHRM1
antagonist
Specific functionG protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
SLC6A3
inhibitor
Specific functionamine binding
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Mediates sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of dopamine .
PMID:10375632 PMID:11093780 PMID:1406597 PMID:15505207 PMID:19478460 PMID:39112701 PMID:39112703 PMID:39112705 PMID:8302271
Also mediates sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline) (By similarity). Regulator of light-dependent retinal hyaloid vessel regression, downstream of OPN5 signaling (By similarity)
PMID:10375632 PMID:11093780 PMID:1406597 PMID:15505207 PMID:19478460 PMID:39112701 PMID:39112703 PMID:39112705 PMID:8302271
Also mediates sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline) (By similarity). Regulator of light-dependent retinal hyaloid vessel regression, downstream of OPN5 signaling (By similarity)
Histamine H1 receptor
HRH1
antagonist
Specific functionhistamine receptor activity
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
G-protein-coupled receptor for histamine, a biogenic amine that functions as an immune modulator and a neurotransmitter .
PMID:33828102 PMID:8280179
Through the H1 receptor, histamine mediates the contraction of smooth muscles and increases capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules. Also mediates neurotransmission in the central nervous system and thereby regulates circadian rhythms, emotional and locomotor activities as well as cognitive functions (By similarity)
PMID:33828102 PMID:8280179
Through the H1 receptor, histamine mediates the contraction of smooth muscles and increases capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules. Also mediates neurotransmission in the central nervous system and thereby regulates circadian rhythms, emotional and locomotor activities as well as cognitive functions (By similarity)
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
SLC6A4
inhibitor
Specific functionactin filament binding
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Serotonin transporter that cotransports serotonin with one Na(+) ion in exchange for one K(+) ion and possibly one proton in an overall electroneutral transport cycle. Transports serotonin across the plasma membrane from the extracellular compartment to the cytosol thus limiting serotonin intercellular signaling .
PMID:10407194 PMID:12869649 PMID:21730057 PMID:27049939 PMID:27756841 PMID:34851672
Essential for serotonin homeostasis in the central nervous system. In the developing somatosensory cortex, acts in glutamatergic neurons to control serotonin uptake and its trophic functions accounting for proper spatial organization of cortical neurons and elaboration of sensory circuits.
In the mature cortex, acts primarily in brainstem raphe neurons to mediate serotonin uptake from the synaptic cleft back into the pre-synaptic terminal thus terminating serotonin signaling at the synapse (By similarity). Modulates mucosal serotonin levels in the gastrointestinal tract through uptake and clearance of serotonin in enterocytes. Required for enteric neurogenesis and gastrointestinal reflexes (By similarity).
Regulates blood serotonin levels by ensuring rapid high affinity uptake of serotonin from plasma to platelets, where it is further stored in dense granules via vesicular monoamine transporters and then released upon stimulation .
PMID:17506858 PMID:18317590
Mechanistically, the transport cycle starts with an outward-open conformation having Na1(+) and Cl(-) sites occupied. The binding of a second extracellular Na2(+) ion and serotonin substrate leads to structural changes to outward-occluded to inward-occluded to inward-open, where the Na2(+) ion and serotonin are released into the cytosol. Binding of intracellular K(+) ion induces conformational transitions to inward-occluded to outward-open and completes the cycle by releasing K(+) possibly together with a proton bound to Asp-98 into the extracellular compartment.
Na1(+) and Cl(-) ions remain bound throughout the transport cycle .
PMID:10407194 PMID:12869649 PMID:21730057 PMID:27049939 PMID:27756841 PMID:34851672
Additionally, displays serotonin-induced channel-like conductance for monovalent cations, mainly Na(+) ions. The channel activity is uncoupled from the transport cycle and may contribute to the membrane resting potential or excitability (By similarity)
PMID:10407194 PMID:12869649 PMID:21730057 PMID:27049939 PMID:27756841 PMID:34851672
Essential for serotonin homeostasis in the central nervous system. In the developing somatosensory cortex, acts in glutamatergic neurons to control serotonin uptake and its trophic functions accounting for proper spatial organization of cortical neurons and elaboration of sensory circuits.
In the mature cortex, acts primarily in brainstem raphe neurons to mediate serotonin uptake from the synaptic cleft back into the pre-synaptic terminal thus terminating serotonin signaling at the synapse (By similarity). Modulates mucosal serotonin levels in the gastrointestinal tract through uptake and clearance of serotonin in enterocytes. Required for enteric neurogenesis and gastrointestinal reflexes (By similarity).
Regulates blood serotonin levels by ensuring rapid high affinity uptake of serotonin from plasma to platelets, where it is further stored in dense granules via vesicular monoamine transporters and then released upon stimulation .
PMID:17506858 PMID:18317590
Mechanistically, the transport cycle starts with an outward-open conformation having Na1(+) and Cl(-) sites occupied. The binding of a second extracellular Na2(+) ion and serotonin substrate leads to structural changes to outward-occluded to inward-occluded to inward-open, where the Na2(+) ion and serotonin are released into the cytosol. Binding of intracellular K(+) ion induces conformational transitions to inward-occluded to outward-open and completes the cycle by releasing K(+) possibly together with a proton bound to Asp-98 into the extracellular compartment.
Na1(+) and Cl(-) ions remain bound throughout the transport cycle .
PMID:10407194 PMID:12869649 PMID:21730057 PMID:27049939 PMID:27756841 PMID:34851672
Additionally, displays serotonin-induced channel-like conductance for monovalent cations, mainly Na(+) ions. The channel activity is uncoupled from the transport cycle and may contribute to the membrane resting potential or excitability (By similarity)
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
SLC6A2
inhibitor
Specific functionactin binding
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Mediates sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline), the primary signaling neurotransmitter in the autonomic sympathetic nervous system .
PMID:2008212 PMID:8125921 PMID:38750358
Is responsible for norepinephrine re-uptake and clearance from the synaptic cleft, thus playing a crucial role in norepinephrine inactivation and homeostasis (By similarity). Can also mediate sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of dopamine PMID:11093780 PMID:8125921 PMID:39395208 PMID:39048818
PMID:2008212 PMID:8125921 PMID:38750358
Is responsible for norepinephrine re-uptake and clearance from the synaptic cleft, thus playing a crucial role in norepinephrine inactivation and homeostasis (By similarity). Can also mediate sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of dopamine PMID:11093780 PMID:8125921 PMID:39395208 PMID:39048818
Carriers(1)
Proteins that carry this drug through the body
Albumin
ALB
binder
Specific functionantioxidant activity
Cellular location
Secreted
General function & pharmacology
Binds water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs (Probable). Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood (Probable). Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc .
PMID:19021548
Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity).
Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity).
Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli .
PMID:6234017
Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin PMID:6234017
PMID:19021548
Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity).
Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity).
Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli .
PMID:6234017
Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin PMID:6234017
Scientific references(6)
Rothman R.B., Baumann M.H., Prisinzano T.E., Newman A.H.
Dopamine transport inhibitors based on GBR12909 and benztropine as potential medications to treat cocaine addiction.
Biochemical Pharmacology
2008 Jan 175(1):2-16. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.007. Epub 2007 Aug 9
Reith M.E., Blough B.E., Hong W.C., Jones K.T., Schmitt K.C., Baumann M.H., Partilla J.S., Rothman R.B., Katz J.L.
Behavioral, biological, and chemical perspectives on atypical agents targeting the dopamine transporter.
Drug Alcohol Depend
2015 Feb 1147:1-19. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.005. Epub 2014 Dec 18
Brocks D.R.
Journal of Drugs and Pharmaceutical Science.
doi: 10
31248/jdps
Blair D.T., Dauner A.
Extrapyramidal Symptoms Are Serious Side-effects of Antipsychotic and Other Drugs.
The Nurse Practitioner
199217(11):56,62,63,64,67. doi: 10.1097/00006205-199211000-00018
Deleu D., Northway M.G., Hanssens Y.
Clinical Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Drugs Used in the Treatment of Parkinson??s Disease.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics
200241(4):261-309. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200241040-00003
Raje S., Cao J., Newman A.H., Gao H., Eddington N.D.
Evaluation of the blood-brain barrier transport, population pharmacokinetics, and brain distribution of benztropine analogs and cocaine using in vitro and in vivo techniques.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
2003 Nov307(2):801-8. doi: 10.1124/jpet.103.053504. Epub 2003 Sep 9
ATC classification(1 code)
ATC N04AC01
Affected organisms(1)
Humans and other mammals
International brands(3)
Salt forms(1)
Benzatropine mesylate(DBSALT000894)
Experimental properties(5)
Commercial products(235)
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Show
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Benzatropine
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
5922
ChemSpider
16736541
BindingDB
50366775
PDB
CXQ
ZINC
ZINC000100036536
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1950
GenAtlas
CHRM1
GeneCards
CHRM1
GenBank Gene Database
X52068
GenBank Protein Database
34451
Guide to Pharmacology
13
UniProt Accession
ACM1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:11049
GenAtlas
SLC6A3
GeneCards
SLC6A3
GenBank Gene Database
M96670
GenBank Protein Database
553260
Guide to Pharmacology
927
UniProt Accession
SC6A3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:5182
GenAtlas
HRH1
GeneCards
HRH1
GenBank Gene Database
Z34897
GenBank Protein Database
510296
Guide to Pharmacology
262
UniProt Accession
HRH1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:11050
GenAtlas
SLC6A4
GeneCards
SLC6A4
GenBank Gene Database
X70697
GenBank Protein Database
36433
Guide to Pharmacology
928
UniProt Accession
SC6A4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:11048
GenAtlas
SLC6A2
GeneCards
SLC6A2
GenBank Gene Database
M65105
GenBank Protein Database
189258
Guide to Pharmacology
926
UniProt Accession
SC6A2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:399
GenAtlas
ALB
GeneCards
ALB
GenBank Gene Database
V00494
GenBank Protein Database
28590
UniProt Accession
ALBU_HUMAN
International reference pricing
13 formulations
Reference pricing from DrugBank. Prices are indicative and may not reflect current UK costs.
From $0.02/tablet
To $70.09/ml
Pms-Benztropine 1 mg Tablet
$0.02/tablet
Pms-Benztropine 2 mg Tablet
$0.05/tablet
Apo-Benztropine 2 mg Tablet
$0.06/tablet
Benztropine Mesylate 2 mg tablet
$0.26/tablet
Benztropine Mesylate 0.5 mg tablet
$0.27/tablet
Source: DrugBank. Used under CC BY-NC 4.0 academic licence for non-commercial purposes.
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications:
Knox C., Wilson M., Klinger C.M., et al
DrugBank 6.
0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024
Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 552(D1):D1265-D1275
Wishart D.S., Feunang Y.D., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank 5.
0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018
Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Nov 846(D1):D1074-D1082
Show earlier publications
Law V., Knox C., Djoumbou Y., et al
DrugBank 4.
0: shedding new light on drug metabolism
Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Jan 142(1):D1091-7
Knox C., Law V., Jewison T., et al
DrugBank 3.
0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan39(Database issue):D1035-41
Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets.
Nucleic Acids Research
2008 Jan36(Database issue):D901-6
Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration.
Nucleic Acids Research
2006 Jan 134(Database issue):D668-72
Source: go.drugbank.comCC BY-NC 4.0
Updated 27 days ago(8 Mar 2026)