Zinc glycinate 22mg tablets

Zinc is an essential micronutrient that is needed for numerous critical health functions in the body. It is estimated that 17 to 20% of the global population is at risk for zinc deficiency, with certain groups at higher risk. The provision of supplemental zinc is a convenient and effective option for treating zinc deficiency and maintaining healthy levels of zinc. Several zinc salts are available for use in supplements. However, little information is available comparing the absorption and bioavailability of these different chemical forms of zinc. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of zinc absorption and bioavailability, discuss indicators of zinc status and risk factors for zinc deficiency, and review clinical studies comparing the absorption and bioavailability of different chemical forms of zinc in humans. This review of the clinical evidence suggests that zinc glycinate and zinc gluconate are better absorbed than other forms of zinc.

Abstract licence: CC BY

The objective of this study was to investigate effects of zinc glycinate (ZnGly) supplementation reducing zinc oxide (ZnO) in feeds on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs challenged with F18+Escherichia coli (E. coli). In total, 72 nursery pigs (BW 6.5 ± 0.5 kg) were allotted in a randomized complete block design to nine treatments: (1) NC: no challenge/no supplement; (2) PC: E. coli challenge/no-supplement; (3) E. coli challenge/ZnO at 2,500 mg/kg; (4, 5, and 6) E. coli challenge/ZnGly at 400, 800, and 1,200 mg/kg; and (7, 8, and 9) E. coli challenge/ZnGly at 400 mg/kg and ZnO at 700, 1,400, and 2,357 mg/kg. Pigs were fed for 28 d based on two phases (phase 1: 14 d and phase 2: 14 d). On day 7, challenged groups were orally inoculated with F18+E. coli at 6 × 109 CFU/mL whereas NC received saline solution. The PC showed reduced ADG (P = 0.076) and G:F (P = 0.055) during phase 1 and increased fecal score (P < 0.05) during the first week of postchallenge when compared with NC, whereas supplementation of ZnGly from 0 to 1,200 mg/kg linearly increased (P = 0.092) G:F and decreased (P < 0.05) the fecal score of the pigs challenged with F18+E. coli. Supplementation of ZnGly from 0 to 1,200 mg/kg had quadratic effects on TNF-α (P = 0.065; minimum 1.13 pg/mg at 850 mg/kg ZnGly), IL-8 (P = 0.093; minimum 0.53 ng/mg at 494 mg/kg), and protein carbonyl (P = 0.054; minimum 2.30 pg/mg at 675 mg/kg) and linearly increased mRNA expressions of ZIP4 (P = 0.057) and ZnT5 (P = 0.075) in the jejunum of the pigs. Supplementation of ZnGly from 0 to 1,200 mg/kg linearly increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and had quadratic effects on Cyanobacteria (minimum 0.67% at 625 mg/kg ZnO) and Proteobacteria (maximum 45.6 g/d at 735 mg/kg) at the phylum level, with linearly decreased (P < 0.05) Enterobacteriaceae at the family level in the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota of the pigs. There was no difference in growth performance during the overall period, although pigs fed with ZnO at 2,500 mg/kg had greater (P < 0.05) ADG than pigs fed with ZnGly at 400 mg/kg during the first week of the post challenge period. In conclusion, ZnGly could be an alternative to the pharmaceutical use of ZnO without negatively affecting the growth of nursery pigs by enhancing intestinal Zn absorption, reducing intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress, and providing positive changes in jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Zn is a trace element necessary for the functioning of about 300 enzymes. It plays a biochemical, structural, and regulatory role. It participates in the immune response, proper functioning of the endocrine system, and regulation of gene expression. Its deficiencies are most often caused by the mismatch between dietary intake and the body's needs. Bioavailability of zinc depends on interactions with other food components. Phytates negatively affect this element's absorption, whereas proteins, peptides, and amino acids increase its bioavailability. It has been proven that organic forms of zinc are better absorbed than inorganic compounds, like zinc oxide and sulfate. Amino acid combinations with zinc can use amino acid transporters in the absorption process. Estimation of Zn bioavailability and bioaccessibility are based on in vivo and in vitro studies, each having their advantages and disadvantages. The current review aims to gather and summarize recent research on the dietary role of Zn, especially data on bioavailability from food substances promoting/inhibiting absorption, and the latest methods for determining the level of bioavailability of this nutrient.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, disrupts gut microbial homeostasis, compromises intestinal barrier integrity, and contributes to inflammation-associated bone loss. Although the gut-bone axis is increasingly recognized as a critical regulator of skeletal health, effective nutritional strategies targeting this pathway remain insufficiently explored. This study investigated the protective effects of Zn glycine, a highly bioavailable organic zinc chelates, against LPS-induced inflammatory bone loss in meat geese. Dietary supplementation with Zn glycine at 80 mg/kg significantly alleviated LPS-induced growth impairment, intestinal barrier dysfunction. Zn glycine markedly reduced LPS accumulation in both intestinal and bone tissues (p < 0.01) and enhanced tight junction integrity by upregulating zonula occludens-1 and claudin-1, thereby limiting systemic LPS translocation. These effects were accompanied by reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α), elevated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and increased microbial production of short-chain fatty acids, collectively supporting gut and bone health. Additionally, Zn glycine mitigated LPS-induced oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and total antioxidant capacity while reducing oxidative damage markers. Importantly, Zn glycine preserved bone microarchitecture, increased (p < 0.01) bone mineral density (BMD), suppressed osteoclastic genes such as tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATC1), and promoted osteoblast activity through upregulation of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Mechanistically, these protective effects were mediated through inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Overall, Zn glycine emerges as a promising nutritional strategy for preventing inflammation-driven bone loss via modulation of the gut-bone axis.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

This study evaluated zinc glycinate (ZG) on necrotic enteritis (NE) in chickens through two in vivo experiments and one in vitro experiment. In vivo, ZG was supplemented (study 1: 40–120 mg/kg; study 2: 100–160 mg/kg). In total, 192 (exp. 1) and 240 Cobb male birds (exp. 2) (n = 6) were studied for 28 days. ZG at 120 mg/kg significantly improved BWG by day 28 (p &lt; 0.05), while 140 mg/kg reduced FCR (p &lt; 0.05). Lesions were significantly reduced by 120 mg/kg (p &lt; 0.01), and mortality was lowered by 80 mg/kg (study 1, p &lt; 0.05) and 120 mg/kg (study 2, p &lt; 0.01). ZG at 160 mg/kg increased IFN-γ expression in the spleen (p &lt; 0.01), and 140 mg/kg decreased Zn/Cu SOD1 in the cecal tonsils (p &lt; 0.05). In vitro, zinc (10–1000 µM) enhanced intestinal cell viability under Clostridium perfringens challenge. Cytotoxicity in HD-11 cells decreased significantly at concentrations ≥100 µM after 12 h (p &lt; 0.001) and ≥10 µM after 24 h (p &lt; 0.001), with the lowest levels observed at 100 µM (p &lt; 0.001). We recommend increasing zinc to 120 mg/kg as ZG in poultry feed against NE infection.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Diarrhea in suckling piglets is a major challenge in the farrowing units. Although inorganic zinc has been widely used to control this condition, excessive use raises environmental and public health concerns, driving interest in organic zinc sources. This study evaluated the effects of maternal bis-glycinate bound zinc during late gestation and lactation on piglet body weight, diarrhea incidence, and gut microbiota. Thirty-six crossbred sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were assigned to a standard diet (Control; n = 18) or a standard diet supplemented with 1 g/sow/day bis-glycinate bound zinc (Zn; n = 18) from day 85 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. Gut microbiota was determined by 16 S rRNA sequencing of 180 fecal samples: 90 from sows on day 109 of gestation and on days 3 and 21 of lactation (n = 15/group/timepoint) and 90 from corresponding piglets on day 3, 10, and 21 of age (n = 15/group/timepoint). Litter size, litter weight, and average piglet body weight were recorded at birth and on days 1, 3, 10, and 21 of age. The incidence of diarrhea in piglets was assessed on days 3, 10, and 21 of age. The average number of piglets alive at birth and on day 21 of age was 13.4 ± 2.2 and 11.8 ± 2.0 piglets/litter, respectively. Maternal bis-glycinate bound zinc supplementation did not affect piglet body weight but reduced diarrhea incidence, particularly on day 21 (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, Zn-supplemented sows exhibited a lower Chao1 index on day 21, and higher both Inverse Simpson and Shannon indices on days 3 and 21, indicating improved gut microbial stability. At the phylum level, Zn-supplemented sows showed lower Firmicutes and higher Bacteroidetes on days 3 and 21. Piglets nursed by Zn-supplemented sows had greater abundances of f_Ruminococcaceae and f_Enterobacteriaceae on day 3 and lower Spirochaetes on day 21. The overall gut microbiota shifts in both sows and piglets were associated with early-life piglet body weight. In conclusion, maternal bis-glycinate bound zinc supplementation during late gestation and lactation enhanced sow gut microbial stability, modulated gut microbiota in both sows and piglets, and reduced pre-weaning diarrhea.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary zinc from different sources on meat quality and lipid metabolism in broilers challenged with necrotic enteritis (NE). 432 one day-old commercial Arbor Acres (AA) male broilers were randomly divided into six treatments with six replicates of 12 chicks each according to a 3 × 2 design of dietary zinc (basal diet, 60 mg/kg zinc glycinate and 60 mg/kg zinc sulfate) * NE challenge (control or NE). The results showed that a negative effect of NE challenge on growth performance as reflected in higher feed conversion ratios (FCR) and lower survival rate. Zinc glycinate increased leg muscle proportion, and also improved carcass proportions under NE challenge. Both sources of zinc had an improved effect on meat quality under NE challenge, with zinc sulfate significantly reducing pectoral muscle cooking loss and zinc glycinate increasing pectoral muscle shear force. Both sources of zinc significantly down-regulated the yellowness value b* of the pectoral muscle compared to the zinc-free treatment. The NE challenge increased the pH of pectoral muscle 45 min and 24 h after slaughter. The NE challenge resulted in an upregulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of pectoral muscle after 24 hours storage, and both sources of zinc significantly decreased TBARS after five days storage. The non-targeted metabolomic result showed that zinc glycinate affected fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, and the NE challenge also up-regulated a fatty acid synthesis pathway, down-regulated a fatty acid oxidation pathway and significantly affected unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathways. These results confirm the negative effects of the NE challenge on meat quality in broilers, with NE exacerbating lipid peroxidation and affecting fatty acid composition in the pectoral muscle. Moreover, zinc glycinate raised the proportion of dihomo-α-linolenic acid in the pectoral muscle. We conclude that both the NE challenge and zinc supplementation affect meat quality by influencing lipid metabolism in broilers to modulate lipid peroxidation and fatty acid composition.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

This study aimed to investigate the effects of replacing inorganic trace minerals (ITM) with organic trace minerals (OTM) on growth performance, body composition, gut histomorphometry, digestive enzyme activity, apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC), and mineral balance in juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus . Fish ( n = 432; 2.5 ± 0.5 g) were randomly distributed into four groups with four replicates each (27 fish per replicate). A control diet (gross 15.2 MJ gross energy kg −1 ; 367.3 g crude protein kg −1 ) was elaborated to meet the dietary requirements of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) using ITM in the sulfate form (ITM100). From the control diet, three diets were elaborated using OTM to supply 100% (OTM100), 75% (OTM75), and 50% (OTM50) of Zn, Mn, and Cu ITM of the control diet, respectively, supplied in the glycinate form. Fish were hand‐fed six times daily for 8 weeks. Growth performance was not changed by dietary treatments. Fish fed on the diet OTM50 showed higher whole‐body and vertebrae ash contents and higher whole‐body calcium (Ca), Zn, and iron (Fe) retention than those fed on the control diet. The activity of digestive enzymes and the ADC of energy and nutrients, including Zn, Mn, and Cu, were similar in fish fed on diets OTM50 and ITM100. A reduction in Zn (−39.8%), Mn (−11.1%), and Cu (−14.0%) loss was observed in fish fed on the diet OTM50 than in fish fed diet ITM100. The dietary treatments did not affect the gut histomorphometry. In conclusion, the inclusion of OTM in Nile tilapia’s diets represents a promising strategy to reduce 50% of ITM sources by utilizing Zn, Mn, and Cu OTM as glycinates without detrimental effects on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and gut function. These results additionally reinforce the environmental benefits of using OTM for precise mineral nutrition in aquaculture.

Abstract licence: CC BY