Yttrium [Y-90] chloride 1.85GBq/1ml radiopharmaceutical precursor solution vials

PURPOSE: Strategies for the treatment of liver metastases from colon cancer (lmCRC) are constantly evolving. Radioembolization with yttrium 90 (Y-90 TARE) has made significant advancements in treating liver tumors and is now considered a potential option allowing for future resection. This study reviewed the scientific evidence and developed recommendations for using Y-90 TARE as a treatment strategy for patients with unresectable lmCRC. METHODS: A multidisciplinary scientific committee, consisting of experts in medical oncology, hepatobiliary surgery, radiology, and nuclear medicine, all with extensive experience in treating patients with ImCRC with Y-90 TARE, led this project. The committee established the criteria for conducting a comprehensive literature review on Y-90 TARE in the treatment of lmCRC. The data extraction process involved addressing initial preliminary inquiries, which were consolidated into a final set of questions. RESULTS: This review offers recommendations for treating patients with lmCRC using Y-90 TARE, addressing four areas covering ten common questions: 1) General issues (multidisciplinary tumor committee, indications for treatment, contraindications); 2) Previous process (predictive biomarkers for patient selection, preintervention tests, published evidence); 3) Procedure (standard procedure); and 4) Post-intervention follow-up (potential toxicity and its management, parameters for evaluation, quality of life). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the insights of the multidisciplinary committee, this document offers a comprehensive overview of the technical aspects involved in the management of Y-90 TARE. It synthesizes recommendations for applying Y-90 TARE across various phases of the treatment process.

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Introduction: Transarterial radioembolisation (RE) using yttrium-90 (Y-90) microspheres is a widely used locoregional therapy for a broad spectrum of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) given its favourable safety profile. We evaluated the real-world outcomes of unresectable HCC treated with resin Y-90 RE and the relationship between tumour absorbed dose and subsequent curative therapy with survival. Methods: Included were consecutive patients treated with Y-90 resin microspheres RE for unresectable HCC between January 2008 and May 2019 at the National Cancer Centre Singapore/Singapore General Hospital. The outcomes were stratified by tumour burden, distribution, presence of portal vein invasion (PVI) and liver function to improve prognostication. Results: The median overall survival (OS) evaluated on 413 included patients was 20.9 months (95% CI: 18.2–24.0). More than half of the patients (214/413, 51.8%) had HCC beyond up-to-seven criteria, and 37.3% had portal vein invasion (154/413, 37.3%). Majority (71.7%) had dosimetry calculated based on the partition model. Patients who received ≥150 Gy to tumour had significantly better outcomes (OS 32.2 months, 95% CI: 18.3–46.4) than those who did not (OS 17.5 months, 95% CI: 13.7–22.7, p < 0.001). Seventy patients (17%) received curative therapies after tumour was downstaged by Y-90 RE and had better OS of 79.7 months (95% CI: 40.4 – NE) compared to those who did not receive curative therapies (OS 17.1 months; 95% CI: 13.5–20.4, p < 0.001). RE-induced liver injury was observed in 5.08% of the patients while 3.2% of the patients had possible radiation pneumonitis but none developed Grade 3–4 toxicity. For HCC without PVI, OS differed significantly with performance status, albumin-bilirubin grade, tumour distribution, and radiation dose; for HCC with PVI, Child-Pugh class and AFP were significant predictors of survival. Conclusions: Treatment outcomes for unresectable HCC using Y-90 RE were favourable. Incorporating tumour burden and distribution improved prognostication. Patients who received tumour absorbed dose above 150 Gy had better OS. Patients who subsequently received curative therapies after being downstaged by Y-90 RE had remarkable clinical outcomes.

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P-stereogenic phosphoramidates prove essential in agrochemicals and medicines, but their construction remains a challenge for enantioselective catalysis. We describe a Yttrium-catalyzed desymmetrization supported by Feng-ligands. An achiral oxazolidinyl phosphorodichloridate undergoes enantioselective nucleophilic substitution with phenols at ambient temperatures, followed by a stereospecific addition with amines in one pot. The resulting P-stereogenic phosphoramidate serves as a trifunctional building block to access diverse P-(V) motifs, enabling the stereodivergent synthesis of protected ProTides and the first stereoselective total synthesis of phosmidosine.

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PURPOSE: Y) glass microspheres. METHODS: A PubMed search was performed. References were reviewed and adjudicated by the Delphi method. Recommendations were graded according to the degree of recommendation and strength of consensus. Dosimetry focused on a mean dose approach, i.e., aiming for an average dose over either single or multicompartment volumes of interests. Committee discussion and consensus focused on optimal patient selection, disease presentation, liver function, tumour type, tumour vascularity, and curative/palliative treatment intent for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and colorectal and neuroendocrine carcinoma liver metastases (mCRC, mNET). RESULTS: For all indications, single compartment average perfused volume absorbed dose ≥ 400 Gy is recommended for radiation segmentectomy and 150 Gy for radiation lobectomy. Single compartment 120 Gy for uni- and bilobar treatment reflects current clinical practice, which results in variable tumour and normal tissue absorbed doses. Therefore, multicompartment dosimetry is recommended for uni- and bilobar treatment, aiming for maximum 75 Gy to normal tissue and 150-200 Gy (mCRC, mNET), ≥ 205 (iCCA) tumour absorbed doses. These dose thresholds are preliminary and should be used with caution accounting for patient specific characteristics. CONCLUSION: Y glass microsphere radioembolization in iCCA, mCRC and mNET. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: not applicable.

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of boosted dose yttrium-90 radioembolization (TARE) as a modality for conversion therapy to transplant or surgical resection in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: In this single-center retrospective study, all patients with a diagnosis of HCC who were treated with boosted dose TARE (>190 Gy) between January 2013 and December 2023 were reviewed. Treatment response and decrease in tumor size were assessed with the RECIST v1.1 and mRECIST criteria. Milan and University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), criteria were used to determine transplant eligibility, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) surgical resection recommendations were used to evaluate tumor resectability. RESULTS: = 25; 65.8%). The mean sum of the target lesions was 6.0 cm (standard deviation; SD = 4.0). The objective response rate (ORR) was 31.6% by RECIST and 84.2% by mRECIST. The disease control rate (DCR) was 94.7% by both RECIST and mRECIST. Among patients outside of Milan or UCSF, 13/25 (52.0%, Milan) and 9/19 (47.4%, UCSF) patients were successfully converted to within transplant criteria. Of patients who were initially unresectable, conversion was successful in 7/26 (26.9%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further real-world data demonstrating that boosted-dose TARE is an effective modality for conversion of patients with unresectable HCC to transplant or resection.

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Abstract Perovskite nanocrystals with CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, or I) structure have attracted great attention for developing optoelectronic applications in the past few years. However, their low stability and the limited scalability of current synthesis methods pose major challenges for future applications. Here, a template‐assisted strategy is reported for synthesizing CsPbCl 3 nanocrystals within mesoporous silica nanoreactors. Powder state CsPbCl 3 complex fabricated via this method demonstrated an exceptional solvent stability and allows for yttrium doping to further enhance optical performance. Halide tuning (Cl⁻ to Br⁻) and synthesis of lead‐free perovskites such as Cs 4 Bi 2 MnCl 12 enable broad spectral emission, supporting full‐spectrum white LED fabrication. This low‐cost, scalable, and reproducible method offers strong potential for advancing perovskite‐based optoelectronic technologies.

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Abstract We report the synthesis of scandium and yttrium halide complexes with bidentate, monoanionic anilidophosphine (PN) ligands and the general formula (PN) 2 MX (M = Sc ( 1‐X ), Y ( 2‐X ); X = Cl ( 1‐Cl / 2‐Cl ), X = I ( 1‐I / 2‐I ). Attempts to functionalize these complexes by salt metathesis reaction revealed that the chlorido complexes are quite unreactive precursors, whereas the iodo complexes readily engage in a broad variety of reactions. We report the azide complexes ( 1‐N 3 and 2‐N 3 ) as well as the heavy cyanate complexes with the general formula (PN) 2 M(OC Pn ) (M = Sc; Pn = P ( 1‐OCP ), Pn = As (1‐ OCAs ) and M = Y; Pn = P ( 2‐OCP ), Pn = As ( 2‐OCAs )). Furthermore, the amido and phosphanido complexes of the general formula (PN) 2 M( Pn HMesityl) with Pn = N ( 1‐NHMes , 2‐NHMes ) and Pn = P ( 1‐PHMes , 2‐PHMes ) are reported. Attempts to synthesize benzyl complexes of the general type (PN) 2 M(Benzyl) with M = Sc, Y, La revealed drastic differences in the reactivity of the group III metal ions. While the scandium and yttrium complexes displayed elimination of KPN without the formation of defined metal complexes, for lanthanum, defined C‐H activation chemistry has been observed, yielding ‐ate complex 3‐CH .

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Internal radiation therapy (iRT) is an emerging therapeutic approach based on high-energy radionuclide implants categorized as alpha or beta particles placed directly into the tumor to induce cancer cell damage. This work focuses on the development of a unique approach for incorporating β-emitter yttrium-90 (90Y) radionuclides via a cation exchange method into lanthanide-based nanoparticles (NPs), consisting of NaLnF4 composition (Ln = Gd, Lu). The proposed method, thanks to the principle of cation exchange, is a straightforward protocol that involves just the mixing of water-stabilized NPs and radionuclides in aqueous environments at room temperature and, upon a short incubation time, enables the exchange of Gd or Lu ions with 90Y with high efficiency. The radiotherapeutic effect of cation-exchanged NaLnF4:90Y is here proven on glioblastoma cell lines with significant cytotoxicity, with the NaLnF4:90Y NPs, while no intrinsic cytotoxicity was seen for nonradiolabeled NPs at the same material dose. Moreover, in the case of NaGdF4 NPs, the gadolinium ions functioning as a T1 contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables to track the cation exchange protocol by MR signal enhancement during the ion incorporation: indeed, the Y3+ replacement with Gd enables the release of Gd3+, which enhances the water exposure of Gd ions and, in turn, the enhancement of the T1 MRI signal.

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