White soft paraffin 5% lotion

Xerosis cutis (dry skin) is a common and burdensome symptom of atopic dermatitis (AD). Topical emollients restore skin hydration and barrier function through the physicochemical properties of their nonactive constituents (e.g., glycerol, urea, lactic acid, liquid paraffin, petrolatum) and represent the mainstay of basic therapy for xerosis cutis associated with AD. Newer "emollients plus" containing active ingredients may expand the treatment options available to patients with AD; however, we believe that basic emollients remain an important strategy for the long-term management of xerosis cutis. To that end, this article aims to review the clinical value of basic emollients for treating xerosis cutis in AD. We performed a series of literature searches to identify clinical studies of basic emollients containing one or more of the following ingredients: almond and coconut oils, amino acids, chondroitin, dexpanthenol, glucose, glycerol, glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronic acid, lactic acid, lanolin, olive oil, paraffin, petrolatum, phospholipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, pyroglutamic acid, squalene, triglycerides, urea, vegetable oils, and vitamin E. From these searches, the authors identified articles of interest that described the efficacy of basic emollients for the treatment of xerosis cutis associated with AD. Studies included in our review varied widely in terms of sample size, study design, interventions, and endpoints but collectively showed that most basic emollient formulations are safe and effective at improving objective and subjective measures of xerosis cutis. These studies also demonstrated the importance of ongoing emollient therapy to avoid xerosis relapse and the additive benefits of emollients that combine ingredients with complementary biophysical properties (e.g., glycerol with its humectant effect plus petrolatum with its occludent effect). Overall, the current body of literature reinforces the role of basic emollients as effective and accessible treatment options for the long-term management of xerosis cutis in patients with AD.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor (M-GNET), also known as clear cell sarcoma-like tumor of the gastrointestinal tract (CCSLTGT) or clear cell sarcoma-like tumor of the gastrointestinal tract with osteoclast-like giant cells, is a rare malignant tumor that typically arises in the gastrointestinal tract. It demonstrates primitive neural or neuroectodermal differentiation but lacks melanocytic features. M-GNET is closely related to clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue (CCSST), sharing highly overlapping morphological features and molecular genetic characteristics, particularly EWSR1-ATF1 gene fusion and, more rarely, EWSR1-CREB1 gene fusion. Most M-GNETs occur in the lower gastrointestinal tract, while only a few cases have been reported in the upper gastrointestinal tract and outside the digestive tract. We present the primary M-GNET in the pancreas, confirmed by molecular fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detection of EWSR1-ATF1 gene fusion. This article will summarize the clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis and review the relevant literature.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Background/objectivesBeeswax, a complex natural secretion primarily derived from Apis mellifera and Apis cerana, has evolved from an ancient remedy into a multifunctional excipient and bioactive material in modern pharmaceutical sciences. This review evaluates its physicochemical properties, pharmaceutical applications, and emerging biomedical potential, while addressing current quality and regulatory challenges.MethodsA narrative review was conducted by analyzing literature on the chemical composition, functional properties, conventional uses, advanced drug delivery applications, pharmacological activities, and quality control of beeswax, emphasizing structural characteristics, formulation roles, and integration into innovative delivery technologies.ResultsBeeswax is a lipid-based matrix composed of over 300 constituents, including wax esters, hydrocarbons, and free fatty acids, conferring thermoplasticity, biocompatibility, and structural stability. Traditionally, it functions as a stiffening agent, viscosity modifier, and emulsion stabilizer in topical formulations, forming an occlusive barrier that enhances skin hydration. In advanced systems, it serves as a solid lipid matrix in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), microspheres, and 3D-printed tablets, enabling controlled drug release and improved bioavailability of lipophilic compounds. It also exhibits antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing activities, while beeswax-derived policosanols show potential cardiovascular and gastroprotective benefits. However, concerns regarding paraffin adulteration and pesticide contamination highlight the need for stringent analytical and regulatory oversight.ConclusionsWith rigorous quality control and sustainable sourcing, beeswax remains a versatile, eco-friendly material bridging traditional medicine and advanced pharmaceutical innovation.

Abstract licence: CC BY

This case report presents a 15-year-old boy with extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma who initially experienced right chest wall pain and fever. Imaging revealed a soft-tissue mass with ring-like enhancement and mild rib destruction. Thoracoscopic resection was performed, and paraffin pathology confirmed the diagnosis of extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma. The patient had a smooth postoperative recovery. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic strategies associated with Ewing's sarcoma and emphasizes the importance of early and accurate diagnosis to improve clinical outcomes.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Pilomatrixoma is a benign skin adnexal tumor arising from the hair-follicle matrix. While typically small and slowly growing, rare "giant" variants (>5 cm)-especially in the cervical region-may clinically and radiologically mimic malignant masses, posing a significant diagnostic challenge. We report a case of a 29-year-old male presenting with a solitary, firm, subcutaneous mass (~6 cm) in the left anterior cervical region, which enlarged rapidly over 6 months without pain or systemic symptoms. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed a well-defined, heterogeneous subcutaneous lesion without muscular or vascular invasion. Core needle biopsy (CNB) supported a diagnosis of pilomatrixoma. The mass was completely excised under IV sedation and local anesthesia. Histopathology confirmed classic pilomatrixoma features (basaloid cells, shadow cells, foreign-body giant cell reaction). At one-year follow-up the patient was disease-free, and scar outcome was excellent. This case underscores the importance of including giant pilomatrixoma in the differential diagnosis of large cervical soft-tissue masses. Histopathological examination remains essential for definitive diagnosis, while CNB can guide preoperative planning. Complete surgical excision yields excellent outcomes with minimal morbidity, avoiding overtreatment for suspected malignancy.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare, aggressive soft tissue malignancy associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. Although MPNST most commonly occurs in the extremities and trunk, it is rare in the head and neck region and extremely rare in the oral cavity, including the palate. MPNSTs arise from Schwann cells, de novo or from benign neural tumors. MPNSTs often occur between the ages of 30 and 50 years closely associated with neurofibromas. The median survival rate of the patients is 46-58% over ten years. Diagnosis is based on medical history and clinical examination, and treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, and sometimes chemotherapy. Prognosis varies depending on location, size, and metastasis. We report an elderly female with a MPNST of the palate presenting with an exophytic lesion with details of clinicoradiographic and histopathologic features and long-term follow-up. This report describes a rare case of palatal MPNST and reviews the relevant literature.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC