Vitamins A and D capsules BPC 1973

IntroductionFish consumption contributes to overall nutrient intake and health, but its effects on micronutrient status remain uncertain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of fish consumption on the micronutrient status of children.MethodsThree databases were searched (April 2025) for studies comparing biomarker-based micronutrient status among children (2-14 years) with fish versus low or no fish intake. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB2, and findings were synthesized through meta- and narrative analyses with GRADE evaluation.ResultsSeven studies (six randomized controlled trials) met inclusion criteria, covering nine biomarkers, including 25(OH)D, urinary iodine concentration, ferritin, hemoglobin, retinol, beta-carotene, calcium, cobalamin, and folate. Three studies had low risk of bias, two moderate, and one high. Meta-analysis was possible only for vitamin D (25(OH)D, 1,074 participants), showing a pooled mean difference of 4.08 nmol/L (95% CI: 1.73-6.43) favoring fish consumption; sensitivity analysis (850 participants) yielded 3.46 nmol/L (95% CI: 1.03-5.65), with no heterogeneity. Results for other biomarkers were largely nonsignificant.ConclusionFish consumption modestly improves vitamin D status in children, though effects may lack clinical relevance. Evidence for other micronutrients is inconsistent, highlighting the need for more rigorous studies.

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TopicTo estimate procedure-specific prevalence of biochemical vitamin A deficiency after bariatric surgery and synthesize ocular manifestations, postoperative latency, and response to vitamin A repletion.Clinical relevanceAs bariatric surgery volume continues to rise, recognition of procedure-specific vitamin A deficiency and its ocular manifestations may improve ophthalmic surveillance, earlier diagnosis, and timely repletion in post-bariatric patients.MethodsFollowing PROSPERO registration (CRD420261329094), we did a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science through March 2026 for studies reporting vitamin A status or ocular manifestations after bariatric surgery. Risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane RoB 2, ROBINS-I, and Joanna Briggs Institute checklists; the overall certainty of evidence was assessed with the GRADE framework.ResultsOf 1,574 abstracts screened, 27 reports representing 21 unique studies met inclusion criteria; 18 contributed quantitative data, of which 9 nonpregnancy surveillance cohorts (455 tested participants) entered the prevalence meta-analysis. Prevalence was 18.0% after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), 59.0% after biliopancreatic diversion (BPD), 37.8% after BPD with duodenal switch (BPD-DS), and 42.5% after jejunoileal bypass (JIB); the pooled estimate across these heterogeneous procedures and study-defined retinol thresholds was 26.1% (95% CI, 18.5-35.4), reported as a secondary summary. Pregnancy-specific post-RYGB prevalence was 63.3% (95% CI, 43.9-80.1). Night blindness prevalence was 60.1% in active/formal non-overlapping cohorts with symptom denominators. Median latency to ocular presentation was 5 years after RYGB and 14 to 27 years after BPD-DS, JIB, or revisional procedures (19 patients). Among 14 post-bariatric treatment-response records with assessable ocular outcomes, 13 (93%) improved or resolved.ConclusionAmong the procedures with adequate data, vitamin A deficiency is procedure-specific and common during pregnancy after RYGB. Ocular disease may present years to decades after surgery, but often improves when deficiency is recognized and treated. Certainty was limited by heterogeneity, the small number of cohorts for some procedure subgroups, and selective reporting of ocular outcomes. Nyctalopia, ocular surface disease, atypical outer retinal findings, or unexplained visual decline in a post-bariatric patient warrant prompt serum retinol testing and coordinated nutritional management regardless of the interval since surgery.

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BackgroundVitamin A deficiency (VAD) remains a persistent health concern in the Philippines. Studies using stable isotope methods for assessing β-carotene bioconversion to vitamin A in the vulnerable Filipino population are limited. This review protocol aims to map the global evidence in quantifying β-carotene bioconversion efficiency across diverse population age groups and settings.MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015, studies published in English between 1 January 2013 and 31 January 2026 will be systematically searched. The databases to be queried include Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Academic Search Ultimate via the EBSCOhost platform. Citation tracking will also be conducted to identify additional relevant studies. A team of reviewers will conduct a database search, screening, extraction, and procedural analysis. Deduplication will be done using Covidence® software. At least two independent reviewers will perform these tasks. A different reviewer will resolve any conflicts between them. Inclusion criteria are as follows: (a) human participants-apparently healthy or nutritionally at-risk populations, any age group and setting; (b) reporting the use of stable isotope techniques; (c) studies that compare various methodological protocols that use stable isotope techniques and examine the variability of factors across different life stages. Findings will be narratively synthesized in accordance with the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines, and a descriptive summary will be provided.DiscussionThis review focuses on quantifying β-carotene bioconversion efficiency using stable isotopes in diverse populations. The results aim to guide the selection of suitable isotopic methods for assessing intestinal β-carotene bioconversion efficiency in vulnerable populations. This is particularly relevant in resource-limited settings such as the Philippines. Potential limitations of this review as the research team operating within a developing country context include restriction to English-language publications. Also, the anticipated heterogeneity in study designs, isotope methodologies, and outcome measures may limit direct comparability of findings. Nonetheless, the structured synthesis approach is intended to provide a transparent and rigorous overview of the current evidence base and identify priorities for future research.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD420261279500.

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PurposeTopical vitamin A derivatives (retinoids) are widely used for dermatologic and cosmetic indications and are often applied to the face and periorbital region. Although vitamin A is essential for epithelial integrity and tear film homeostasis, concerns exist regarding potential adverse effects on the ocular surface and meibomian glands. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated ophthalmic and periorbital harms associated with topical vitamin A products.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to August 25, 2025, following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42024523189). Randomized and nonrandomized human studies evaluating topical vitamin A products applied to the ocular surface or periorbital region were included. Studies were independently screened, data were extracted, and risk of bias was assessed by two reviewers. Dichotomous harms were pooled using Peto fixed-effects odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsEighty-nine studies (10,794 participants) met inclusion criteria; 55 were included in meta-analysis. Compared with controls, topical vitamin A derivatives increased odds of pain (OR = 6.37), dryness (OR = 2.69), burning (OR = 2.44), and any harm (OR = 1.71). Serious adverse events were uncommon and not significantly increased (OR = 1.21). Prescription-strength products showed higher odds of harm, and non-prescription formulations were not significantly associated with increased harms. Evidence certainty ranged from very low to low.ConclusionsTopical vitamin A products applied to the ocular or periorbital region are associated with increased ocular discomfort and surface-related harms, particularly with prescription-strength formulations, with important implications for dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction management.

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BackgroundBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a prevalent and severe chronic respiratory condition in preterm infants, with vitamin deficiency recognized as a contributing factor. Although vitamins A and D are known to play protective roles in lung development, the optimal supplementation doses for BPD prevention remain unclear.MethodsSearch PubMed, Ovid, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang from database inception to November 30, 2024, identifying randomized controlled trials that investigated the role of vitamins A and D in the prevention of BPD in preterm infants. Data were extracted for network meta-analysis. Patient demographic data, the incidence of BPD, mortality, and mechanical ventilation duration were analyzed.ResultsIn our analysis, encompassing 20 studies with 4357 patients, we observed that high-dose vitamin D (HDVD, ≥800 IU/d) demonstrated the most notable reduction in the incidence of BPD; low-dose vitamin A (LDVA, ConclusionCurrent scholarly literature suggests that HDVD (≥800 IU/d) supplementation may be the most effective regimen for preventing BPD in preterm infants, followed by LDVA (<3330 IU/d). No statistically significant differences in mortality were observed among any of the supplementation strategies or placebo. High-dose vitamin A (≥3330 IU/d) was associated with a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation. Consequently, to prevent BPD in preterm infants, supplementation with HDVD (≥800 IU/d) and LDVA (<3330 IU/d) may be considered.

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