Vitamins A and D capsules BPC 1973

BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a prevalent and severe chronic respiratory condition in preterm infants, with vitamin deficiency recognized as a contributing factor. Although vitamins A and D are known to play protective roles in lung development, the optimal supplementation doses for BPD prevention remain unclear. METHODS: Search PubMed, Ovid, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang from database inception to November 30, 2024, identifying randomized controlled trials that investigated the role of vitamins A and D in the prevention of BPD in preterm infants. Data were extracted for network meta-analysis. Patient demographic data, the incidence of BPD, mortality, and mechanical ventilation duration were analyzed. RESULTS: In our analysis, encompassing 20 studies with 4357 patients, we observed that high-dose vitamin D (HDVD, ≥800 IU/d) demonstrated the most notable reduction in the incidence of BPD; low-dose vitamin A (LDVA, <3330 IU/d) exhibited the lowest mortality; high-dose vitamin A (≥3330 IU/d) had the shortest mechanical ventilation duration. CONCLUSION: Current scholarly literature suggests that HDVD (≥800 IU/d) supplementation may be the most effective regimen for preventing BPD in preterm infants, followed by LDVA (<3330 IU/d). No statistically significant differences in mortality were observed among any of the supplementation strategies or placebo. High-dose vitamin A (≥3330 IU/d) was associated with a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation. Consequently, to prevent BPD in preterm infants, supplementation with HDVD (≥800 IU/d) and LDVA (<3330 IU/d) may be considered.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC

BACKGROUND: Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K are critical during the postpartum period for maternal recovery and infant development. OBJECTIVE: To determine the concentrations of vitamins A, D, E and K in maternal serum and breastmilk during the early postpartum period in breastfeeding women. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of the WellFed 4-week randomized controlled trial (RCT). Dietary recalls, serum, and breastmilk samples were collected from breastfeeding women at 4 and 8 weeks postpartum (n=48). Vitamin status and metabolic biomarkers were quantified using LC-MS/MS and a clinical analyzer, respectively. Associations were analyzed using correlation, regression, and mediation analysis (PROCESS macro for SPSS). RESULTS: were below the analytical detection limit. Serum and breastmilk α-tocopherol were correlated (r=0.363, p=0.013, adjusted p=0.026). Total cholesterol, triglycerides and CRP predicted up to 56% of serum α-tocopherol variance. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal serum concentrations of vitamins A, E and K were adequate, while approximately two-thirds of women were vitamin D sufficient. Breastmilk vitamins A and E were adequate and higher than previously reported, whereas vitamin D metabolites were undetectable. Dietary intake was positively associated with serum vitamins A and D, while serum vitamin E was associated with lipid-related biomarkers and correlated with breastmilk α-tocopherol, highlighting a potential link between maternal metabolic health and vitamin E in breastmilk. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY: The WellFed RCT was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05924633 as NCT0592463.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis is a systemic, progressive, and fatal disease. TTR is integral in vitamin A (retinol) transport via its binding to retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4). Current and emerging therapies for TTR amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM), including RNAi therapies and potentially CRISPR-based therapies, reduce hepatic transthyretin production and hence decrease serum RBP4, which decreases circulating vitamin A levels. However, despite these reductions in circulating vitamin A, hepatic reserves and alternative delivery mechanisms may prevent clinical manifestations of vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A functions as a key regulator of immunity, antioxidant function, cell growth and differentiation and vision. This paper aims to serve as a comprehensive review of vitamin A and its metabolites, their transport, and their function in human health and disease. Additionally, we seek to synthesize the relevant outcomes and safety data of TTR silencing therapies and how they relate to circulating vitamin A levels and vitamin A-related clinical outcomes in a manner that is relevant to the cardiac amyloidosis specialist.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Proteinuria is a marker and mediator of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In clinical practice, the urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UP/C) is of limited usefulness, because it indicates only the magnitude of proteinuria and not the origin of the loss (glomerular or tubular). The complete assessment of proteinuria includes quantitative and qualitative evaluations, both of which are required in order to optimize the therapy. In addition to measuring the UP/C, we performed SDS-PAGE and western blotting to determine the expression of albumin, vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), retinol-binding protein (RBP), and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) in urine samples of 49 dogs: healthy (control) dogs (n = 9); and dogs with CKD (n = 40), stratified by stage. In the dogs with stage 3 or 4 CKD, there was a predominance of tubular proteins. Neither VDBP nor RBP was observed in the urine of the control dogs. Among the dogs with stage 1 or 2 CKD, VDBP and RBP were detected in those without proteinuria or with borderline proteinuria. The expression of urinary albumin was significantly higher in the stage 4 group than in any other group (P ≤ 0.01). In the stage 4 group, urinary THP was either undetectable or lower than in the control group (P ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, urinary VDBP and RBP might act as early markers of kidney injury, and a decrease in urinary THP could be an indicator of CKD progression.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Sustainable healthy diets are promoted, and consequently vegetarian diets are currently increasing. However, scientific information on their effects on bone health is scarce. A cross-sectional study was performed in adults (66% women) classified into three groups: omnivores (n = 93), lacto-ovo vegetarians (n = 96), and vegans (n = 112). Nutrient intake, body composition, physical activity, vitamin D status (25-hydroxycholecalciferol, 25-OHD), parathormone (PTH), and bone formation (bone alkaline phosphatase, BAP) and resorption (N-telopeptides of type I collagen, NTx) markers were determined. Lacto-ovo vegetarians and especially vegans showed lower protein, fat, calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D, retinol, iodine, and zinc intakes, and higher carbohydrate, fibre, carotenes, magnesium, and vitamin K intakes compared to omnivores. Body composition was similar in the three groups that performed vigorous physical activity regularly. Body bone mass and muscle mass were positively correlated with BAP, and time performing physical activity with 25-OHD. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency (25-OHD &lt; 75 nmol/L) was 93.7% in the studied population, and vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD &lt; 25 nmol/L) was significantly higher in vegans. Vegetarians of both groups had increased PTH and NTx with vegans showing significantly higher PTH and NTx than omnivores. Conclusion: Adult vegetarians, especially vegans, should reduce the risk of bone loss by appropriate diet planning and vitamin D supplementation.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Background: Limited data are available on vitamin A kinetics and total body stores (TBS) in women. Such information can be obtained using compartmental modeling and retinol isotope dilution (RID). Objectives: Objectives were to apply population-based ("super-subject") modeling to determine retinol kinetics in nonpregnant Ghanaian women of reproductive age and to use RID to predict TBS in the group and its individuals. Methods: is plasma retinol specific activity) to predict TBS at various times. Results: 86)]; TBS predictions were similar at later times. Participants had a mean 2 y of vitamin A in stores and estimated liver vitamin A concentrations in the normal range. Model-predicted vitamin A disposal rate was 1.3 μmol/d and plasma recycling number was 37. Conclusions: ; the latter can be used to confidently predict TBS by RID for individual participants in the group under study or in similar individuals at 14 d or more after isotope ingestion. Trial registration number: Trial is registered (NCT04632771) at https://clinicaltrials.gov.

Abstract licence: CC BY