Vitamin B compound tablets

Abstract BackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder associated with high morbidity and mortality. Thiamine deficiency (TD) is common in AN due to inadequate dietary intake and may contribute to neuropsychiatric symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and potential clinical effects of intramuscular thiamine supplementation (TS) as an adjunct to standard care in individuals with AN.MethodsThe Thiamine in Anorexia nervosa Clinical Trial (TACT) was an exploratory, six-week, single-center clinical trial. 13 with AN and 14 non-psychiatric controls received three intramuscular injections of 100 mg thiamine over nine days. Primary outcomes included safety and changes in body mass index (BMI). Secondary outcomes included depressive symptoms (MADRS-S), appetite, attention regulation (ASRS), and thiamine status. Non-parametric statistical tests were used due to small sample sizes.ResultsNo serious adverse events were reported. Minor adverse events, such as transient muscular pain, were common but resolved spontaneously. In the AN group, BMI increased significantly (p = .049), as did appetite (p = .021) and depressive symptoms (p = .005). A significant improvement was also observed in ASRS subscale B (p = .004), indicating reduced attention-related symptoms. No significant changes were found in blood biomarkers or thiamine status post-treatment. The control group also showed a modest but significant increase in BMI (p = .034), with no other significant changes.ConclusionsIntramuscular thiamine supplementation was well tolerated and associated with improvements in BMI, mood, and appetite in patients with AN. These findings suggest that thiamine may be a beneficial adjunctive treatment in AN. However, due to the small sample size, study design and short duration, results should be interpreted cautiously. Larger, controlled trials are warranted to confirm these preliminary findings.Trial registrationEudraCT identifier 201700483135.

Abstract licence: CC BY 4.0

A common approach to studying thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-dependent enzymes is by chemical inhibition with thiamine/TPP analogues which feature a neutral aromatic ring in place of the positive thiazolium ring of TPP. These are potent inhibitors but their preparation generally involves multiple synthetic steps to construct the central ring. We report efficient syntheses of novel, open-chain thiamine analogues which potently inhibit TPP-dependent enzymes and are predicted to share the same binding mode as TPP. We also report some open-chain analogues that inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-subunit (PDH E1) and are predicted to occupy additional pockets in the enzyme other than the TPP-binding pockets. This opens up new possibilities for increasing the affinity and selectivity of the analogues for PDH, which is an established anti-cancer target.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC 4.0

The authors of this paper conducted a comparative metabolomic analysis of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (OS), providing the metabolic profiles of the stroma (OSBSz) and sclerotia (OSBSh) of OS by widely targeted metabolomics and untargeted metabolomics. The results showed that 778 and 1449 metabolites were identified by the widely targeted metabolomics and untargeted metabolomics approaches, respectively. The metabolites in OSBSz and OSBSh are significantly differentiated; 71 and 96 differentially expressed metabolites were identified by the widely targeted metabolomics and untargeted metabolomics approaches, respectively. This suggests that these 71 metabolites (riboflavine, tripdiolide, bromocriptine, lumichrome, tetrahymanol, citrostadienol, etc.) and 96 metabolites (sancycline, vignatic acid B, pirbuterol, rubrophen, epalrestat, etc.) are potential biomarkers. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, arginine, and lumichrome were common differentially expressed metabolites. Using the widely targeted metabolomics approach, the key pathways identified that are involved in creating the differentiation between OSBSz and OSBSh may be nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, thiamine metabolism, riboflavin metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis. The differentially expressed metabolites identified using the untargeted metabolomics approach were mainly involved in arginine biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. The purpose of this research was to provide support for the assessment of the differences between the stroma and sclerotia, to furnish a material basis for the evaluation of the physical effects of OS, and to provide a reference for the selection of detection methods for the metabolomics of OS.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Cistanche deserticola is one of the most precious plants, traditionally as Chinese medicine, and has recently been used in pharmaceutical and healthy food industries. Steaming and drying are two important steps in the processing of Cistanche deserticola. Unfortunately, a comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition changes of Cistanche deserticola during thermal processing is limited. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)-based widely targeted metabolomics analysis was used to investigate the transformation mechanism of Cistanche deserticola active compounds during steaming and drying processes. A total of 776 metabolites were identified in Cistanche deserticola during thermal processing, among which, 77 metabolites were differentially regulated (p 0.05) wherein 39 were upregulated (UR) and 38 were downregulated (DR). Forty-seven (17 UR, 30 DR) and 30 (22 UR, 8 DR) differential metabolites were identified during steaming and drying, respectively. The most variation of the chemicals was observed during the process of steaming. Metabolic pathway analysis indicated that phenylpropanoid, flavonoid biosynthesis, and alanine metabolism were observed during steaming, while glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, thiamine metabolism, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis were observed during drying. The possible mechanisms of the chemical alterations during thermal processing were also provided by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Furthermore, the blackening of the appearance of Cistanche deserticola mainly occurred in the steaming stage rather than the drying stage, which is associated with the metabolism of the amino acids. All results indicated that the formation of active compounds during the processing of Cistanche deserticola mainly occurred in the steaming stage.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Why is this study being done? Paresthesia is a change in sensation that can cause numbness, tingling, or loss of feeling in a part of the body. This condition can occur after dental procedures such as wisdom tooth (third molar) extraction, dental implant placement, or jaw surgery. When this happens, the inferior alveolar nerve - which is responsible for sensation in the lower lip, chin, and gum area on the side of the jaw - may be injured. This can affect a person's quality of life, making everyday activities like eating, drinking, speaking, and even smiling feel different or uncomfortable. What is being studied? This study is testing whether taking B vitamins (vitamin B complex) can help the inferior alveolar nerve recover faster and more completely compared to a placebo (an inactive pill that looks the same but contains no active medicine). B vitamins - especially B1 (thiamine), B6 (pyridoxine), and B12 (cyanocobalamin) - are known to play important roles in nerve health, including helping repair damaged nerves and maintaining the protective covering around nerves called myelin. Who can participate? Adults between 18 and 70 years old who have numbness or altered sensation in the lower lip, chin, or gum area caused by damage to the inferior alveolar nerve following a dental procedure (specifically wisdom tooth extraction), and whose symptoms began between 7 and 30 days ago. What will happen in the study? Participants will be randomly assigned (like flipping a coin) to one of two groups: Vitamin B complex group: Takes one capsule daily containing B vitamins Placebo group: Takes one identical-looking capsule daily with no active ingredients Neither the participants nor the doctors performing the sensory tests will know which group they are in. This is called a "blinded" study and helps ensure the results are reliable. Participants will attend 6 scheduled visits over 8 weeks: T0 (baseline): Initial sensory testing, questionnaires, and receiving the study medication T1 (1 week): Follow-up sensory testing T2 (2 weeks): Follow-up sensory testing T3 (4 weeks): Follow-up sensory testing T4 (6 weeks): Follow-up sensory testing T5 (8 weeks): Final sensory testing and end of study participation At each visit, researchers will perform simple, non-invasive tests to measure sensation in the affected area, including: Light touch tests with soft nylon filaments (monofilaments) Two-point discrimination (testing the ability to feel one or two points touching the skin) Pinprick sensation (testing sharp touch) Temperature sensation (warm and cold) Visual Analog Scale (VAS) where participants rate their sensation on a scale What are the possible benefits? Participants who receive the vitamin B complex may experience faster or more complete recovery of sensation in their lower lip, chin, or gum area. Even those in the placebo group may experience some improvement due to the body's natural healing process. All participants will receive close monitoring of their nerve function over 8 weeks. What are the possible risks? The risks are considered low. B vitamins are generally safe at the doses used in this study. Some people may experience mild side effects such as nausea or stomach discomfort. Rarely, allergic reactions may occur. The sensory tests may cause mild, temporary discomfort but no pain. If any side effects occur, the study medication will be stopped and appropriate care will be provided. Is participation voluntary? Yes. Participants can withdraw from the study at any time without any impact on their regular dental or medical care. Where will the study take place? The study will be conducted at the Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo (FOUSP) and the Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da Odontologia (FUNDECTO). Conditions: Paresthesia and Hypoesthesia. Interventions: Vitamin B Complex, Placebo.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov (public domain)