Turpentine liniment

Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory dermatological pathology that affects mostly young people. However, it can also appear in adulthood, mainly in women. It has a high psychosocial impact, not only at the time of active lesions but also due to the consequences of lesions such as scarring and hyperpigmentation. Several factors are involved in the physiopathology of acne and the constant search for active ingredients is a reality, namely phytotherapeutic ingredients. Tea tree oil is an essential oil extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betch) Cheel with known antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making it a candidate for the treatment of acne. This review aims to describe the various properties of tea tree oil that make it a possible ingredient to use in the treatment of acne and to present several human studies that have evaluated the efficacy and safety of using tea tree oil in the treatment of acne. It can be concluded that tea tree oil has good antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties that result in a decrease in the number of inflammatory lesions, mainly papules, and pustules. However, given the diversity of study designs, it is not possible to draw concrete conclusions on the efficacy and safety of this oil in the treatment of acne.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Background/objectivesThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance has urged researchers to explore new antimicrobial agents, such as essential oils (EOs). The aim of this study was to examine chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the EOs from the needles and green cones of four Pinus species (Pinus mugo Turra., P. nigra J.F., P. syilvestris L., and P. halepensis Miller) from Bosnia and Herzegovina.MethodsChemical profiles of EOs were assessed by gas chromatography, while microdilution method was used to test their antimicrobial activity. A synergistic action of EOs and gentamicin was investigated by the checkerboard assay.ResultsThe chemical composition of the tested EOs showed a high percentage of α-pinene, (E)-caryophyllene, limonene, germacrene D, myrcene, and δ-3-carene. EO from green cones of P. sylvestris showed high efficiency against S. aureus and E. faecalis. The MIC of P. nigra cones' EO was 100 μg/mL against E. coli. The EO of P. halepensis green cones demonstrated the strongest activity against E. faecalis. EOs of P. halepensis needles and green cones exhibited the highest activity against C. albicans. Further, synergistic interaction was detected in combination of the selected EOs/gentamicin toward S. aureus and K. pneumoniae.ConclusionsAmong the tested EOs, oils of P. sylvestris cones and P. halepensis cones and needles showed the greatest antimicrobial activity. The same EOs and EO from P. nigra cones displayed synergistic potential in combination with gentamicin, supporting their utilization as antimicrobial agents alone or in combination with antibiotics, which is in line with their ethnopharmacological usage and circular bioeconomy principles.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Abstract Economic and Environment constraint of the developing countries brings them in position to find the new substitute for Fuel which is more economic, ecofriendly, higher efficient and sustainable. Many research was carried in the field of high viscous Biofuel which has been changed into straight oil to Biodiesel to suit the Diesel engine. This project deals with CI engine fuelled with low viscous Biofuel and narrate the characteristics of performance and emissions. This paper deals with Mahua oil – Diesel blend (M50), karanja oil – Diesel blend (K50), Turpentine oil-Diesel Blend (T50), Lemon grass oil – Diesel Blend (L50) and Camphor Oil – Diesel Blend. Low Viscosity and high calorific value of T50 supports for higher thermal efficiency and Lower BSFC when Compare to Diesel, C50, L50, K50 and M50. The High Viscous Biofuels M50, K50 has the Higher CO emissions because of improper. Diesel has the lower HC emission than T50, C50, L50, K50 and M50. Low viscous Biofuel T50 and C50 has lower Smoke emissions and higher Nox emissions. The T50 and C50 has the higher heat release rate and higher peak pressure which supports for proper combustion and results in higher BTE, NOx emissions.

Abstract licence: CC BY 3.0