Tropicamide 1% eye drops 0.5ml unit dose preservative free

AimTo compare the efficacy of different administration regimens of compound tropicamide eyedrops (CTE) for pupil dilation for children with dark iris.MethodsA prospective, comparative, randomized interventional study was conducted. Children in Group 1 received CTE 3 times with a 3min interval between each application. Children in Group 2 received CTE 4 times with a 5min interval between each application. We measured their pupil diameters at baseline (pre-drug instillation) and 30min and 60min post-drug instillation and assessed the pupillary light reflex at 60min post-drug instillation.ResultsIn total, 194 eyes of 101 children were enrolled. The changes of pupil diameter at 30min and 60min post-drug instillation were 1.2±0.6 mm and 2.3±1.0 mm in Group 1, and 2.3±0.9 mm and 3.7±1.0 mm in Group 2, respectively. Group 2 showed a larger change in pupil size than Group 1 at 30min (PPConclusionIncreasing the frequency of compound tropicamide and lengthening the interval between eye drop applications can produce stronger mydriatic effects.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

Background: Clozapine-induced hypersalivation (CIH) affects 30–80% of patients on clozapine therapy and is a significant driver of treatment non-adherence. Current management options, predominantly systemic anticholinergics, risk compounding other clozapine-related adverse effects. Topical tropicamide 1% eye drops, repurposed for sublingual administration, represent a potentially safer, cost-effective alternative. Aim: To report the efficacy and tolerability of sublingual tropicamide 1% eye drops for CIH across seven patients with schizophrenia or treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Methods: A retrospective case series of seven patients who received tropicamide 1% ophthalmic solution (4–8 drops/day) sublingually for CIH. Improvement was assessed by patient-reported percentage reduction in salivation. Results: All seven patients reported meaningful improvement (25–80%). The only adverse effect was a transient bitter taste in one patient. No systemic anticholinergic side effects were recorded. Conclusion: Sublingual tropicamide appears well-tolerated and cost-effective for managing CIH. Its short duration of action, low systemic absorption via the sublingual mucosa, and M4 muscarinic receptor antagonism offer potential advantages over existing treatments. Randomised controlled trials are warranted.

Abstract licence: CC BY

BackgroundMyopia has emerged as a major threat to the visual health of adolescents worldwide. Early intervention can effectively slow down the progression of myopia in adolescents. Tuina (also known as Tui Na), a significant therapeutic method in traditional Chinese medicine, has shown promising clinical efficacy in delaying the progression of myopia; however, it lacks robust, large-scale, and standardized randomized controlled trials.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of tuina therapy in managing myopia in adolescents, thereby providing solid evidence for the application of tuina in the clinical treatment of myopia.MethodsThis study is a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 62 children with myopia will be recruited from 4 hospitals and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to a tuina experimental group and a drug-positive control group (tropicamide eye drops). Treatments in each group will be administered 3 times per week for a total of 8 weeks. The tuina experimental group will receive 20 minutes of tuina therapy per session, while the drug-positive control group will receive tropicamide eye drops administered every other day, with 2 drops per session. The primary outcome measures include uncorrected visual acuity and axial length, while secondary outcome measures include refractive power and accommodative amplitude. Data will be collected at baseline (week 0), on the day of completion of weeks 4 and 8 of treatment, and at the end of the 10-week follow-up period. Adverse events will be monitored and recorded throughout the study. Statisticians will be blinded. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 28.0.ResultsThis study has been funded, and recruitment began in June 2025. As of December 2025, 29 participants have been enrolled, with 16 allocated to the tuina group and 13 to the drug-positive control group. Recruitment is expected to continue until October 2026. Final manuscript submission is anticipated by December 2026.ConclusionsThis study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tuina therapy in the treatment of adolescents with myopia. We hypothesize that the therapeutic effect of tuina therapy is noninferior to that of tropicamide eye drops, with the additional advantages of fewer side effects and stable long-term efficacy, thereby providing reliable evidence and support for the application of tuina therapy in the management of myopia in adolescents.

Abstract licence: CC BY

PurposeTo assess retinal and choroidal changes following rapid mydriasis in healthy adults.MethodsSeventy-one volunteers (71 right eyes) participated in a prospective randomised controlled trial. They were divided into two groups: tropicamide (n=36) and a mixture (tropicamide:phenylephrine=1:1, n=35) groups. Ophthalmic examinations included visual acuity, intraocular pressure and axial length measurements. Ultra-widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography was used to assess retinal and choroidal parameters before and after mydriasis. This technique covers a 24×20 mm² area, allowing for non-invasive, simultaneous structural and haemodynamic assessment of retinal and choroidal regions.ResultsBoth central (tropicamide: 33.3%; mixture: 22.22%) and mid-peripheral (tropicamide: 28.47%; mixture: 36.81%) retinas thickened slightly postmydriasis (p>0.05, FDR corrected).ConclusionsRapid mydriasis causes slight retinal thickening, the slight change in the outer layer, particularly in the temporal and inferior regions. There were no significant changes in the choroid parameters following mydriasis, except for choroidal stroma volume. The limitation of this study was the small sample size and the absence of a control group.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC

Abstract Background Pharmacologic mydriasis is essential for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening; however, conventional ophthalmic drops substantially exceed neonatal tear film capacity, leading to systemic absorption and potential adverse effects. Microdrop administration may reduce drug exposure while preserving adequate pupillary dilation. This study aimed to determine whether microdrop administration of phenylephrine and tropicamide is noninferior to standard drops in achieving adequate mydriasis for ROP screening via a bottle adapter. Methods This single-center, randomized, parallel-group noninferiority trial was conducted in a tertiary neonatal unit in Chennai, India. Preterm infants undergoing routine ROP screening were randomized to receive either microdrops (10.26 µL) or standard drops (26.58 µL) of 2.5% phenylephrine and 0.8% tropicamide. Three doses were administered at 10-minute intervals. The primary outcome was the mean pupil diameter at 45 minutes after the first instillation. The secondary outcomes included physiological parameters (heart rate, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure), systemic and local adverse events, and the adequacy of ROP examination. A noninferiority margin of − 0.5 mm was prespecified. Results Among the 127 infants assessed for eligibility, 102 were randomized (microdrop group, n = 52; standard group, n = 50), and all completed the study. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups. The mean pupil diameter at 45 minutes was 6.54 ± 0.52 mm in the microdrop group and 6.38 ± 0.63 mm in the standard group (mean difference, 0.16 mm; 95% CI − 0.07–0.38), demonstrating noninferiority. Physiological parameters, including heart rate, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure, remained stable and comparable between the groups. Systemic adverse events were rare and similar across groups, and no local ocular complications were observed. ROP examination was successfully completed in all infants. Conclusion Microdrop administration of phenylephrine and tropicamide achieved mydriasis comparable to that of standard drops without increased adverse effects. This approach may represent a safer, clinically feasible and more physiologically appropriate strategy for ROP screening by reducing drug exposure in vulnerable preterm infants. Trial registration The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Madras Medical College, Chennai (IEC No. MMC/Approval/12052025). The trial was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/REF/2025/03/101681)on 10-03-2025.

Abstract licence: CC BY