Trisodium edetate 1g/5ml solution for infusion ampoules

This review summarizes evidence from 2 lines of research previously thought to be unrelated: the unexpectedly positive results of TACT (Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy), and a body of epidemiological data showing that accumulation of biologically active metals, such as lead and cadmium, is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Considering these 2 areas of work together may lead to the identification of new, modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We examine the history of chelation up through the report of TACT. We then describe work connecting higher metal levels in the body with the future risk of cardiovascular disease. We conclude by presenting a brief overview of a newly planned National Institutes of Health trial, TACT2, in which we will attempt to replicate the findings of TACT and to establish that removal of toxic metal stores from the body is a plausible mechanistic explanation for the benefits of edetate disodium treatment.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

• Sub-3 nm gold nanoparticles were synthesized in continuous flow capillary reactors. • Negatively charged capillary-solution interface offered enhanced nucleation rate. • Gold nanoparticles with a weaker capping agent provided higher SERS signal. Ultrasmall gold nanoparticles were synthesized without strong capping agents by using a capillary-based continuous flow system. A mixture of gold(III) chloride trihydrate and trisodium citrate flowed through capillaries at elevated temperature. The effect of capillary material (polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyetheretherketone, fused silica), surface-to-volume ratio (capillary internal diameter 0.3–1 mm), average residence time (1.5–30 min) and temperature (70–100 °C) were investigated. At a flow rate of 0.006 ml/min (residence time 30 min), 100 °C, 275 kPa back pressure, citrate/gold molar ratio 3.15 and using PTFE capillary tubing with an inner diameter of 0.3 mm, very small (1.9 ± 0.2 nm) nanoparticles were obtained. For comparison, experiments were also performed under the same experimental conditions, but in slug flow using octane as segmenting fluid, thus isolating the reactants from the tubing wall. The synthesized particles were 17.4 ± 1.4 nm for segmented flow, demonstrating the important effect of the capillary wall surface. The performance of these citrate-capped gold nanoparticles was tested for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). The average enhancement factor (AEF) of 2 nm gold nanoparticles capped by citrate from our work (AEF = 1.54 × 10 8 ) was nearly double when compared to 2 nm phosphate-capped commercial gold nanoparticles (AEF = 7.34 × 10 7 ). The adsorption of analyte molecules onto citrate-capped gold surface was easier due to the weaker binding strength of the carboxylate ligand and more hotspots formed with narrower gaps between neighbouring particles, giving rise to improved enhancement. This work has been selected by the Editors as a Featured Cover Article for this issue.

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ABSTRACT Polymyxin B and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid are antimicrobials possessing antibiofilm activity. They act by displacement and chelation, respectively, of divalent cations in bacterial membranes and may therefore act synergistically when applied in combination. If so, this combination of agents may be useful for the treatment of diseases like cystic fibrosis (CF), in which biofilms are present on the respiratory epithelium. We used checkerboard assays to investigate the synergy between these agents using reference strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 in planktonic form. We then determined the efficacy of each agent against biofilms of both species grown on 96-pin lids and proceeded to combination testing against the P. aeruginosa reference strain and 10 clinical isolates from patients with CF. Synergism was observed for planktonic forms of both species and for biofilms of P. aeruginosa . The susceptibility of biofilms of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates to these agents was variable compared to the laboratory reference strain. This combination of agents may be useful in the management of biofilm-associated conditions, particularly those amenable to topical therapies. These results provide a basis upon which the antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of preparations containing these agents may be enhanced. IMPORTANCE Bacteria living in biofilms produce a protective matrix which makes them difficult to kill. Patients with severe respiratory disease often have biofilms. Polymyxin B is an antibiotic commonly used in topical medications, such as eye drops and nasal sprays. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is used widely as a preservative in medication but also has antimicrobial properties. It has been hypothesized that Polymyxin B and EDTA could have a synergistic relationship: when used in combination their antimicrobial effect is enhanced. Here, we evaluated the levels at which Polymyxin B and EDTA work together to kill common pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus . We found that Polymyxin B and EDTA were synergistic. This synergy may be useful in the management of planktonic infection with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus , or biofilm infection with P. aeruginosa . This synergy may be beneficial in the treatment of respiratory biofilms, in which P. aeruginosa biofilms are common.

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Background and objectives: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and its salts have been the choice of chelating agents since the 1940s. This review presents an updated details of their synthesis, general biology, ecotoxicological aspects, and applications as antimicrobial and antibacterial agents in combination with natural products. Methods: Relevant research papers were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar through November 2025. Experimental uses of EDTA were excluded. The search terms used were "EDTA" AND "ECOTOXICOLOGY"; "EDTA" AND "GENOTOXICITY"; "EDTA" AND "ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY"; "EDTA" AND "ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY" AND "DENTAL" and "EDTA" AND "ANTICANCER ACTIVITY", "EDTA IN COMBINATION WITH NATURAL PRODUCTS". Results: Sodium/calcium salts of EDTA are water soluble, and their antiseptic efficacy is pH-dependent. They are effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as pathogenic yeasts, and adversely affect bacterial cell walls, thereby destabilizing biofilms. Multiple nature-derived compounds and standard antibiotics, in combination with EDTA and other therapeutic agents, minimize biofilms in intravascular and urinary catheters. It chelates various metal ions (including heavy metals) into a redox-inactive state, and thereby reduce their toxicity. Furthermore, it was shown to enhance the antimicrobial and antibacterial efficacy of various natural therapeutics when used together. Interpretation and conclusions: EDTA is a stable, readily available, affordable and comparatively safer chelating agent with antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiofilm properties. EDTA is now found to produce a synergistic effect when combined with natural therapeutics on their antimicrobial/antibiofilm activities. This approach proved fruitful in enhancing the capabilities of natural antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria and in reducing the toxic effects of EDTA.

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Designing supramolecular gelators with targeted properties is very difficult and mainly relies on structural modifications of known gelator molecules. However, very often, even minor modifications can result in the complete loss of gelation capabilities. In the present work, we have studied the influence and role of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and trisodium citrate (TSC) additives on the self-assembly process of alanine derivative gelator (C12Ala) and intermolecular interactions resulting in hydrogel systems of enhanced stability and sustainability. The effect of phase separation and diversity of supramolecular microstructures of gelator internal matrix on the composition of the investigated tricomponent system was studied thoroughly with thermal analysis methods (TGA/DSC), high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HR-MAS NMR), and polarising optical microscopy (POM). The molecular mechanism of gelation and the interactions responsible for enhanced properties of nanosilver hydrogels was determined and described, indicating the synergistic role of TSC and AgNPs in the self-assembly process.

Abstract licence: CC BY