Tripotassium dicitratobismuthate 120mg tablets

Wood modification has been explored in various ways to enhance dimensional stability and reduce flammability, with a focus on environmentally friendly treatments to meet market demands. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of new, potential fire-retardant materials. Specifically, the study examined the combination of tripotassium citrate (TPC), a water-soluble and bio-based fire retardant, with sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA), an eco-friendly thermosetting resin previously studied. While TPC is known to control combustion, its application in wood modification has not been thoroughly researched. To assess the fixation and flammability of these fire retardants, tests were conducted on Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), including chemical analysis, dimensional stability, mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and leaching tests. The combination of SorCA and TPC showed high weight percent gain (WPG) values; however, leaching and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) tests revealed challenges in fixation stability. The dynamic mechanical properties were reduced, whereas the static strength values were in the same range compared with untreated wood. While TPC exhibited high flame retardancy prior to leaching, its efficacy diminished post-leaching, underscoring challenges in fixation and the need for improved retention strategies. Bunsen burner tests conducted on leached specimens indicated enhanced performance even under severe leaching conditions as per the EN 84:2020 procedure. However, cone calorimetry measurements showed less favorable outcomes, emphasizing the necessity for further investigation into optimizing TPC retention and enhancing treatment efficacy.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Based on data from the Indonesian Police and Fire Department, the number of fire incidents is quite high and the most frequent fires are residential buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research related to materials that can inhibit the spread of fire. This research was conducted with the intention of determining the ability of Tripotassium Citrate in sweet potato skin and Citric Acid in inhibiting the spread of fire. The purpose of this study was to determine which material is more effective by testing and combining the dosage of each material. The method used was to conduct an experimental test on the combination of these materials in inhibiting the spread of fire. The aspects measured in this study were the mass loss and the area burned from each sample. The experimental results show that Tripotassium citrate has a function in slowing down the fire ignition stage with a mass loss ranging from 0.67 - 0.97 grams and a percentage of burned area ranging from 17.54% - 23.85%. While citric acid has a function in slowing down the fire growth stage with a mass loss ranging from 0.01 - 0.17 grams and a percentage of burned area ranging from 1.75% - 7.08%. The combination of the two materials produced results with a mass loss ranging from 0.2 - 0.8 grams and a percentage of burned area ranging from 4.27% - 14.04%. With these results, it can be concluded that Tripotassium Citrate and Citric Acid can be used as fire retardants.

Abstract licence: CC BY-SA

Hematological examination is essential for clinical diagnostics. The accuracy of hemoglobin measurements depends on the proper handling of pre-analytical samples. Storage of tripotassium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (K3EDTA) blood samples for too long at room temperature can lead to erythrocyte changes that affect test results. This study aims to determine the effect of K3EDTA blood sample storage time at 1 hour, 6 hours, and 24 hours at room temperature on hemoglobin levels. This comparative analysis study was carried out at the Hematology Laboratory, Diploma III Medical Laboratory Technology Program, Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health of East Kalimantan, on November 4–5, 2024. The study used 42 venous blood samples collected in K3EDTA tubes from 25 men and 17 women aged 18–55 years. Hemoglobin levels were measured using the cyanmethemoglobin method at three time points: 1, 6, and 24 hours at room temperature (20–25°C). Statistical analysis used one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test. The mean hemoglobin values at 1, 6, and 24 hours were 14.8, 15.2, and 14.9 g/dl (male) and 13.3, 14.3, and 13.3 g/dl (female), respectively. ANOVA showed significant differences (p=0.001). Post hoc analysis revealed substantial differences between 1-hour and 6-hour storage (p=0.001) and between 6-hour and 24-hour storage (p=0.003), but not between 1-hour and 24-hour storage (p=0.766). In conclusion, storage time has a significant effect on hemoglobin measurements, with critical changes occurring at 6 hours, providing evidence-based guidance for pre-analytical quality assurance.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-SA