Topiramate 100mg tablets
Requires a prescription from a doctor or prescriber
Topiramate is a anti-epileptic drug used to manage seizures and prevent migraines.[A175249] It was initially approved by the FDA in 1996.
Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
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Official medicine documents
Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
The MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of suspected side effects from healthcare professionals and patients. View the Drug Analysis Profile (iDAP) for real-world adverse reaction data.
View Drug Analysis Profile
Suspected adverse reactions reported for Topiramate
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Interactive Drug Analysis Profiles for all medicines
Report a side effect
Submit a Yellow Card report to the MHRA
Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) collects suspected adverse reaction reports from across the EU/EEA through the EudraVigilance system. Search for safety data on this medicine.
View EudraVigilance report
Suspected adverse reactions reported for Topiramate
About EudraVigilance
Learn about EU pharmacovigilance and safety monitoring
EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
40 branded products available
MHRA licensed products
View all licensed products for Topiramate on the MHRA register
Topamax 100mg tablets
Topamax 100mg tablets
Topamax 100mg tablets
Topamax 100mg tablets
Topamax 100mg tablets
Topiramate 100mg tablets
Topiramate 100mg tablets
Topiramate 100mg tablets
Topiramate 100mg tablets
Topiramate 100mg tablets
Topiramate 100mg tablets
Topiramate 100mg tablets
This is the NHS Drug Tariff indicative price used for reimbursement purposes. It may not reflect the price paid by patients or pharmacies.
View full Drug TariffSource: NHS Drug Tariff via NHSBSA. Derived from dm+d VMPP (Virtual Medicinal Product Pack) pricing data. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
WHO defined daily dose (DDD)
300 mg
Not a recommended dose. The DDD is the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults. It is a statistical measure used for research and comparison purposes only.
Source: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, distributed via NHS dm+d BNF mapping files. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Therapeutically similar medicines
Similarity based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and NHS BNF section grouping. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
Clinical guidelines and formulary information
British National Formulary
Topiramate
Source: British National Formulary, NICE. Joint Formulary Committee. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
NICE clinical guidance(13)
Epilepsies in children, young people and adults (NG217)
Headaches in over 12s: diagnosis and management (CG150)
Neuropathic pain in adults: pharmacological management in non-specialist settings (CG173)
Migraine prophylaxis: flunarizine (ESUOM33)
Fenfluramine for treating seizures associated with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome in people 2 years and over (TA1050)
Transcutaneous stimulation of the cervical branch of the vagus nerve for cluster headache and migraine (HTG408)
Cenobamate for treating focal onset seizures in epilepsy (TA753)
Autism spectrum disorder in under 19s: recognition, referral and diagnosis (CG128)
Atogepant for preventing migraine (TA973)
Rimegepant for preventing migraine (TA906)
Bipolar disorder: assessment and management (CG185)
Cannabidiol with clobazam for treating seizures associated with Dravet syndrome (TA614)
Fenfluramine for treating seizures associated with Dravet syndrome (TA808)
Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
Pharmacy stock checkers
Search for this medicine at major UK pharmacy chains. These links open the retailer's own website — results depend on their current online catalogue.
Supply & product information
Official product databases and supply status monitoring
Pharmacy links redirect to the retailer's own search and do not represent real-time stock levels. emc (electronic medicines compendium) is operated by Datapharm Ltd. Shortage information sourced from NHS Specialist Pharmacy Service (SPS), sps.nhs.uk.
Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
Browse tools
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF codes from NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA). ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
1 found
Half-life
19-23 hours
Mechanism
A seizure is an abnormal and unregulated electrical discharge occurring in the brain.
Food interactions
2 warnings
Human targets
10 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
400mg
Half-life
19-23 hours
[A175246]…
Protein binding
9-17%
[A175246][A175249]…
Volume of distribution
0.6-0.8 L/kg
Metabolism
[A175237]
The metabolism of topiramate is characterized by reactions of glucuronidation,…
Elimination
70-80%
[A175243]
About 70-80% of the eliminated dose is found unchanged in the urine.
[A175246][L10544]
Clearance
22-36 mL/min
[A175246]…
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Characteristics that distinguish topiramate from other antiepileptic drugs are a monosaccharide chemical structure containing a sulfamate, and 40% of its mass accounted for by oxygen.[A175249] Interestingly, topiramate was discovered by chance when attempts were made to formulate a novel antidiabetic drug.[A188330]
[L10544]
Topiramate is also used off-label as an adjunct therapy for weight management[L10550] and for mood disorders.
[A188312]
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Showing 50 of 1624 interactions
[L10547]
Overdose information
In a study of 4 healthy adult women taking topiramate, the severity of clinical effects following an overdose ranged from asymptomatic to severe, with no deaths reported.
[A175258]
According to the FDA prescribing information for topiramate, an overdose may cause hypotension, severe metabolic acidosis, coma, abdominal pain, visual disturbances, convulsions, drowsiness, speech abnormalities, impaired mentation and coordination, stupor, agitation, dizziness, as well as depression.
[L10544]
In the case of a recent ingestion of topiramate, the stomach contents should be emptied through the induction of emesis or gastric lavage. Offer supportive treatment, including activated charcoal and hemodialysis.
[L10544]
The exact mechanisms by which topiramate exerts pharmacological actions on seizures and migraines are currently not fully characterized.[A188336][L10544] Several properties of this drug, however, are likely to contribute to its therapeutic effects. Topiramate has been observed to exert actions on voltage-dependent sodium channels, GABA receptors, and glutamate receptors.[A175249][L10544]
Topiramate stimulates GABA-A receptor activity at brain non-benzodiazepine receptor sites and reduces glutamate activity at both AMPA and kainate receptors. Normally, GABA-A receptors are inhibitory and glutaminergic receptors are stimulatory for neuronal activity.[A175243,T752] By increasing GABA activity and inhibiting glutamate activity, topiramate blocks neuronal excitability, preventing seizures and migraines.[A188333][A188309][L10544] Additionally, it blocks the voltage-dependent sodium channels, further blocking seizure activity.[A175243] Topiramate has been shown to inhibit various carbonic anhydrase isozymes, but the clinical significance of this is unknown at this time.[A10342][A10348][A20066][L10544]
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
[A175246]
The bioavailability of topiramate in tablet form is about 80% compared to a topiramate solution.
[L10544]
[A175246]
If topiramate is given with enzyme-inducers, the half-life can be reduced to 12-15 hours because of increased metabolism.
[A175246]
[A175246][A175249]
The FDA label indicates that the protein binding of topiramate is 15-41%.
[L10544]
[A175246]
Topiramate readily crosses the blood-brain barrier.
[A175249]
[A175237]
The metabolism of topiramate is characterized by reactions of glucuronidation, hydroxylation and hydrolysis that lead to the production of six minor metabolites.
[L10544]
Some of topiramate's metabolites include 2,3-desisopropylidene topiramate, 4,5-desisopropylidene topiramate, 9-hydroxy topiramate, and 10-hydroxy topiramate.
[A175282]
[A175243]
About 70-80% of the eliminated dose is found unchanged in the urine.
[A175246][L10544]
[A175246]
The FDA label for topiramate indicates a similar oral plasma clearance of approximately 20 to 30 mL/min in adults.
[L10544]
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
PMID:23909897 PMID:25489750 PMID:29950725 PMID:30602789
GABA-gated chloride channels, also named GABA(A) receptors (GABAAR), consist of five subunits arranged around a central pore and contain GABA active binding site(s) located at the alpha and beta subunit interface(s) .
PMID:29950725 PMID:30602789
When activated by GABA, GABAARs selectively allow the flow of chloride anions across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient .
PMID:23909897 PMID:29950725 PMID:30602789
Alpha-1/GABRA1-containing GABAARs are largely synaptic (By similarity). Chloride influx into the postsynaptic neuron following GABAAR opening decreases the neuron ability to generate a new action potential, thereby reducing nerve transmission (By similarity). GABAARs containing alpha-1 and beta-2 or -3 subunits exhibit synaptogenic activity; the gamma-2 subunit being necessary but not sufficient to induce rapid synaptic contacts formation .
PMID:23909897 PMID:25489750
GABAARs function also as histamine receptor where histamine binds at the interface of two neighboring beta subunits and potentiates GABA response (By similarity).
GABAARs containing alpha, beta and epsilon subunits also permit spontaneous chloride channel activity while preserving the structural information required for GABA-gated openings (By similarity). Alpha-1-mediated plasticity in the orbitofrontal cortex regulates context-dependent action selection (By similarity). Together with rho subunits, may also control neuronal and glial GABAergic transmission in the cerebellum (By similarity)
The influx of Na(+) ions provokes membrane depolarization, initiating the propagation of electrical signals throughout cells and tissues .
PMID:15385606 PMID:16988069 PMID:17145499 PMID:17167479 PMID:19369487 PMID:24311784 PMID:25240195 PMID:26680203 PMID:7720699
Nav1.7 plays a crucial role in controlling the excitability and action potential propagation from nociceptor neurons, thereby contributing to the sensory perception of pain PMID:17145499 PMID:17167479 PMID:19369487 PMID:24311784
PMID:1321949 PMID:14511640 PMID:8730589
Can form functional heteromeric receptors with GRIK3 (By similarity)
PMID:11327835 PMID:11802772 PMID:11831900 PMID:12056894 PMID:12171926 PMID:1336460 PMID:14736236 PMID:15300855 PMID:15453828 PMID:15667203 PMID:15865431 PMID:16106378 PMID:16214338 PMID:16290146 PMID:16686544 PMID:16759856 PMID:16807956 PMID:17127057 PMID:17251017 PMID:17314045 PMID:17330962 PMID:17346964 PMID:17540563 PMID:17588751 PMID:17705204 PMID:18024029 PMID:18162396 PMID:18266323 PMID:18374572 PMID:18481843 PMID:18618712 PMID:18640037 PMID:18942852 PMID:1909891 PMID:1910042 PMID:19170619 PMID:19186056 PMID:19206230 PMID:19520834 PMID:19778001 PMID:7761440 PMID:7901850 PMID:8218160 PMID:8262987 PMID:8399159 PMID:8451242 PMID:8485129 PMID:8639494 PMID:9265618 PMID:9398308
Can also hydrate cyanamide to urea .
PMID:10550681 PMID:11015219
Stimulates the chloride-bicarbonate exchange activity of SLC26A6 .
PMID:15990874
Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation .
PMID:15300855
Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye. Contributes to intracellular pH regulation in the duodenal upper villous epithelium during proton-coupled peptide absorption
PMID:15563508 PMID:16686544 PMID:16807956 PMID:17127057 PMID:17314045 PMID:17652713 PMID:17705204 PMID:18618712 PMID:19186056 PMID:19206230 PMID:7625839
May stimulate the sodium/bicarbonate transporter activity of SLC4A4 that acts in pH homeostasis .
PMID:15563508
It is essential for acid overload removal from the retina and retina epithelium, and acid release in the choriocapillaris in the choroid PMID:15563508
Enzymes involved in drug metabolism — important for understanding drug interactions
Proteins that transport this drug across cell membranes
PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:8898203 PMID:9038218 PMID:35507548
Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins .
PMID:8898203
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:9038218
PMID:14722619 PMID:17878938 PMID:24563466
In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. AMPK also acts as a regulator of cellular polarity by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton; probably by indirectly activating myosin.
The AMPK gamma3 subunit is a non-catalytic subunit with a regulatory role in muscle energy metabolism .
PMID:17878938
It mediates binding to AMP, ADP and ATP, leading to AMPK activation or inhibition: AMP-binding results in allosteric activation of alpha catalytic subunit (PRKAA1 or PRKAA2) both by inducing phosphorylation and preventing dephosphorylation of catalytic subunits. ADP also stimulates phosphorylation, without stimulating already phosphorylated catalytic subunit. ATP promotes dephosphorylation of catalytic subunit, rendering the AMPK enzyme inactive
Proteins that carry this drug through the body
PMID:19021548
Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity).
Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity).
Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli .
PMID:6234017
Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin PMID:6234017
ATC A08AA51
ATC N03AX11
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
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Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Topiramate
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
11384
ChemSpider
4447672
BindingDB
10887
PDB
TOR
ZINC
ZINC000095616603
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4075
GenAtlas
GABRA1
GeneCards
GABRA1
GenBank Gene Database
X13584
GenBank Protein Database
31631
Guide to Pharmacology
404
UniProt Accession
GBRA1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10585
GenAtlas
SCN1A
GeneCards
SCN1A
GenBank Gene Database
AF225985
GenBank Protein Database
12642270
Guide to Pharmacology
578
UniProt Accession
SCN1A_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10582
GenAtlas
SCN10A
GeneCards
SCN10A
GenBank Gene Database
AF117907
GenBank Protein Database
4838145
Guide to Pharmacology
585
UniProt Accession
SCNAA_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10583
GenAtlas
SCN11A
GeneCards
SCN11A
GenBank Gene Database
AF188679
GenBank Protein Database
6572950
UniProt Accession
SCNBA_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10588
GenAtlas
SCN2A
GeneCards
SCN2A
GenBank Gene Database
M94055
GenBank Protein Database
457879
Guide to Pharmacology
579
UniProt Accession
SCN2A_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10590
GenAtlas
SCN3A
GeneCards
SCN3A
GenBank Gene Database
AJ251507
GenBank Protein Database
7414320
Guide to Pharmacology
580
UniProt Accession
SCN3A_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10591
GenAtlas
SCN4A
GeneCards
SCN4A
GenBank Gene Database
M81758
GenBank Protein Database
338213
Guide to Pharmacology
581
UniProt Accession
SCN4A_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10593
GenAtlas
SCN5A
GeneCards
SCN5A
GenBank Gene Database
M77235
GenBank Protein Database
184039
Guide to Pharmacology
582
UniProt Accession
SCN5A_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10594
GeneCards
SCN7A
UniProt Accession
SCN7A_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10596
GenAtlas
SCN8A
GeneCards
SCN8A
GenBank Gene Database
AF050736
GenBank Protein Database
4321647
Guide to Pharmacology
583
UniProt Accession
SCN8A_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10597
GenAtlas
SCN9A
GeneCards
SCN9A
GenBank Gene Database
X82835
GenBank Protein Database
758110
Guide to Pharmacology
584
UniProt Accession
SCN9A_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4579
GenAtlas
GRIK1
GeneCards
GRIK1
GenBank Gene Database
L19058
GenBank Protein Database
455448
Guide to Pharmacology
450
UniProt Accession
GRIK1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4580
GenAtlas
GRIK2
GeneCards
GRIK2
GenBank Gene Database
U16126
GenBank Protein Database
790532
Guide to Pharmacology
451
UniProt Accession
GRIK2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4581
GenAtlas
GRIK3
GeneCards
GRIK3
GenBank Gene Database
U16127
GenBank Protein Database
790534
Guide to Pharmacology
452
UniProt Accession
GRIK3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4582
GenAtlas
GRIK4
GeneCards
GRIK4
GenBank Gene Database
S67803
GenBank Protein Database
544590
UniProt Accession
GRIK4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4583
GenAtlas
GRIK5
GeneCards
GRIK5
GenBank Gene Database
S40369
GenBank Protein Database
251840
UniProt Accession
GRIK5_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1373
GenAtlas
CA2
GeneCards
CA2
GenBank Gene Database
M77181
GenBank Protein Database
179780
Guide to Pharmacology
3092
UniProt Accession
CAH2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1375
GenAtlas
CA4
GeneCards
CA4
GenBank Gene Database
M83670
GenBank Protein Database
179791
Guide to Pharmacology
2599
UniProt Accession
CAH4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1390
GenAtlas
CACNA1C
GeneCards
CACNA1C
GenBank Gene Database
M92270
Guide to Pharmacology
529
UniProt Accession
CAC1C_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1391
GenAtlas
CACNA1D
GeneCards
CACNA1D
GenBank Gene Database
M76558
GenBank Protein Database
179764
Guide to Pharmacology
530
UniProt Accession
CAC1D_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1393
GenAtlas
CACNA1F
GeneCards
CACNA1F
GenBank Gene Database
AJ006216
GenBank Protein Database
3183953
Guide to Pharmacology
531
UniProt Accession
CAC1F_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1397
GenAtlas
CACNA1S
GeneCards
CACNA1S
GenBank Gene Database
U30707
GenBank Protein Database
1698403
Guide to Pharmacology
528
UniProt Accession
CAC1S_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1401
GenAtlas
CACNB1
GeneCards
CACNB1
GenBank Gene Database
M92303
GenBank Protein Database
179806
UniProt Accession
CACB1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1402
GenAtlas
CACNB2
GeneCards
CACNB2
GenBank Gene Database
S60415
GenBank Protein Database
300417
UniProt Accession
CACB2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1403
GenAtlas
CACNB3
GeneCards
CACNB3
GenBank Gene Database
X76555
GenBank Protein Database
435135
UniProt Accession
CACB3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1404
GenAtlas
CACNB4
GeneCards
CACNB4
GenBank Gene Database
U95020
GenBank Protein Database
2058727
UniProt Accession
CACB4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4579
GenAtlas
GRIK1
GeneCards
GRIK1
GenBank Gene Database
L19058
GenBank Protein Database
455448
Guide to Pharmacology
450
UniProt Accession
GRIK1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1368
GenAtlas
CA1
GeneCards
CA1
GenBank Gene Database
X05014
GenBank Protein Database
29600
Guide to Pharmacology
2597
UniProt Accession
CAH1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1374
GeneCards
CA3
GenBank Gene Database
AK313254
GenBank Protein Database
189053812
UniProt Accession
CAH3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1392
GeneCards
CACNA1E
Guide to Pharmacology
534
UniProt Accession
CAC1E_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2637
GenAtlas
CYP3A4
GeneCards
CYP3A4
GenBank Gene Database
M18907
Guide to Pharmacology
1337
UniProt Accession
CP3A4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2621
GeneCards
CYP2C19
GenBank Gene Database
M61854
GenBank Protein Database
181344
Guide to Pharmacology
1328
UniProt Accession
CP2CJ_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:399
GenAtlas
ALB
GeneCards
ALB
GenBank Gene Database
V00494
GenBank Protein Database
28590
UniProt Accession
ALBU_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:40
GenAtlas
ABCB1
GeneCards
ABCB1
GenBank Gene Database
M14758
GenBank Protein Database
307180
Guide to Pharmacology
768
UniProt Accession
MDR1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:9376
GenAtlas
PRKAA1
GeneCards
PRKAA1
GenBank Gene Database
AB022017
GenBank Protein Database
4115829
UniProt Accession
AAPK1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:9377
GeneCards
PRKAA2
UniProt Accession
AAPK2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:9378
GenAtlas
PRKAB1
GeneCards
PRKAB1
GenBank Gene Database
AJ224515
GenBank Protein Database
2916800
Guide to Pharmacology
1543
UniProt Accession
AAKB1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:9379
GenAtlas
PRKAB2
GeneCards
PRKAB2
GenBank Gene Database
AJ224538
GenBank Protein Database
2916802
Guide to Pharmacology
1544
UniProt Accession
AAKB2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:9385
GeneCards
PRKAG1
UniProt Accession
AAKG1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:9386
GeneCards
PRKAG2
UniProt Accession
AAKG2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:9387
GeneCards
PRKAG3
UniProt Accession
AAKG3_HUMAN
International reference pricing
Reference pricing from DrugBank. Prices are indicative and may not reflect current UK costs.
Source: DrugBank. Used under CC BY-NC 4.0 academic licence for non-commercial purposes.
Patent information
26 active patents, 11 expired
Source: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0. Patent data sourced from national patent offices. Expiry dates may not reflect extensions, regulatory exclusivity periods, or legal challenges.
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications: