Thrombin 500units powder for solution for irrigation vials
Also known as coagulation factor II, thrombin is a serine protease that plays a physiological role in regulating hemostasis and maintaining blood coagulation.
Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
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Official medicine documents
Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Thrombin
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Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Thrombin
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EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
1 branded products available
Clinical guidelines and formulary information
British National Formulary
Thrombin
Source: British National Formulary, NICE. Joint Formulary Committee. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
NICE clinical guidance(14)
Thrombin injections for pseudoaneurysms (HTG33)
Reversal of the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran: idarucizumab (ESNM73)
Dabigatran etexilate for preventing venous thromboembolism after hip or knee replacement surgery (TA157)
DOAC Dipstick for detecting direct oral anticoagulants (MIB248)
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in over 16s: management (CG141)
Platelet-rich plasma injections for knee osteoarthritis (HTG497)
Transvenous obliteration for gastric varices (HTG658)
Radially emitting laser fibre treatment of an anal fistula (HTG505)
Rivaroxaban for preventing venous thromboembolism after hip or knee replacement surgery (TA170)
Dabigatran etexilate for the treatment and secondary prevention of deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism (TA327)
Atrial fibrillation and heart valve disease: self-monitoring coagulation status using point-of-care coagulometers (the CoaguChek XS system) (HTG353)
Apixaban for preventing venous thromboembolism after hip or knee replacement surgery (TA245)
Apixaban for the treatment and secondary prevention of deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism (TA341)
Apixaban for preventing stroke and systemic embolism in people with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (TA275)
Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
Pharmacy stock checkers
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Supply & product information
Official product databases and supply status monitoring
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Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF codes from NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
None known
Half-life
Not available
Mechanism
Bovine thrombin requires no intermediate physiological agent for its action [FDA Label].
Food interactions
None known
Human targets
10 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
Half-life
Protein binding
Volume of distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
Clearance
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Medical thrombin is a protein substance produced through a conversion reaction in which prothrombin of bovine origin is activated by tissue thromboplastin in the presence of calcium chloride. Thrombin requires no intermediate physiological agent for its action. It clots the fibrinogen of the blood directly. Failure to clot blood occurs in the rare case where the primary clotting defect is the absence of fibrinogen itself.
Bovine thrombin however, is capable of causing fatal severe bleeding or thrombosis [FDA Label]. This thrombosis may result from the development of antibodies against bovine thrombin [FDA Label]. Bleeding may result from the development of antibodies against bovine factor V [FDA Label]. These antibodies may subsequently cross-react with endogenous human factor V and lead to its deficiency [FDA Label]. Patients who are know or suspected to have antibodies to bovine thrombin and/or bovine factor V should not be re-exposed to the product [FDA Label]. Patients who are administered bovine thrombin should be monitored for abnormal coagulation laboratory values, bleeding, or indeed, thrombosis [FDA Label].
A variety of human thrombin and recombinant thrombin (ie. thrombin alfa) products are available as alternatives to using bovine thrombin.
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Showing 1 of 1 interactions
Bleeding may result from the development of antibodies against bovine factor V [FDA Label]. These antibodies may subsequently cross-react with endogenous human factor V and lead to its deficiency [FDA Label]. Patients who are know or suspected to have antibodies to bovine thrombin and/or bovine factor V should not be re-exposed to the product [FDA Label].
Patients who are administered bovine thrombin should be monitored for abnormal coagulation laboratory values, bleeding, or indeed, thrombosis [FDA Label].
LD50 values are available for rat and mouse models where rat subcutaneous LD50 > 40mg/kg, rat IP LD50 > 40mg/kg, and mouse subcutaneous LD50 > 50 mg/kg (in which the greater than symbol indicates that the toxicity endpoint being tested was not achievable at the highest dose used in the test) MSDS.
Regardless, the most common adverse reactions following administration of bovine thrombin include hypersensitivity, bleeding, anemia, post-operative wound infection, thromboembolic events, hypotension, pyrexia, tachycardia, and/or thrombocytopenia [FDA Label].
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
[A32408]
[L2079]
After performing its function it is rapidly inactivated after formation of complexes with various circulating endogenous plasma inhibitors (like antithrombin III) .
[L2079]
This rapid inactivation prevents the active agent from diffusing into the general circulation. The complexes formed are then generally cleared and eliminated by the liver .
[L2079]
[L2079]
Specific thrombin inhibitors include ATIII, alpha-2M and heparin cofactor II .
[L2079]
[L2079]
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood. However, subsequent studies have shown that it is not absolutely required for thrombus formation in vivo. Enhances expression of SELP in activated platelets via an ITGB3-dependent pathway.
Maternal fibrinogen is essential for successful pregnancy. Fibrin deposition is also associated with infection, where it protects against IFNG-mediated hemorrhage. May also facilitate the immune response via both innate and T-cell mediated pathways
Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood. However subsequent studies have shown that it is not absolutely required for thrombus formation in vivo. Enhances expression of SELP in activated platelets.
Maternal fibrinogen is essential for successful pregnancy. Fibrin deposition is also associated with infection, where it protects against IFNG-mediated hemorrhage. May also facilitate the antibacterial immune response via both innate and T-cell mediated pathways
ATC B02BC06
ATC B02BD30
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
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Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Thrombin
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
9050
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:3529
GenAtlas
F11
GeneCards
F11
GenBank Gene Database
M13142
GenBank Protein Database
182833
Guide to Pharmacology
2360
UniProt Accession
FA11_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:3531
GenAtlas
F13A1
GeneCards
F13A1
GenBank Gene Database
M22001
GenBank Protein Database
182309
UniProt Accession
F13A_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:3534
GeneCards
F13B
UniProt Accession
F13B_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:3661
GenAtlas
FGA
GeneCards
FGA
GenBank Gene Database
AF361104
GenBank Protein Database
13591824
UniProt Accession
FIBA_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:3662
GenAtlas
FGB
GeneCards
FGB
GenBank Gene Database
J00129
GenBank Protein Database
182430
UniProt Accession
FIBB_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:3694
GenAtlas
FGG
GeneCards
FGG
GenBank Gene Database
M10014
GenBank Protein Database
182439
UniProt Accession
FIBG_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:3542
GenAtlas
F5
GeneCards
F5
GenBank Gene Database
M16967
GenBank Protein Database
182412
UniProt Accession
FA5_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:3546
GenAtlas
F8
GeneCards
F8
GenBank Gene Database
M14113
GenBank Protein Database
182818
UniProt Accession
FA8_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:3537
GenAtlas
F2R
GeneCards
F2R
GenBank Gene Database
M62424
GenBank Protein Database
339677
Guide to Pharmacology
347
UniProt Accession
PAR1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:3540
GeneCards
F2RL3
Guide to Pharmacology
350
UniProt Accession
PAR4_HUMAN
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications: