Tecovirimat 200mg capsules

BACKGROUND: Mpox, primarily endemic to Central and West Africa, has seen a concerning global rise in recent years. There is a critical need to synthesize evidence on successful strategies that have been used to contain and respond to mpox globally to inform policy and best practices. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Four databases were searched for publications between 2017 to August 2024. Articles were included if they reported on mpox response and containment strategies. RESULTS: A total of 72 studies were included in this systematic review. During mpox outbreaks, screening was primarily conducted at sexual health clinics, including Sexually Transmitted Infections and PrEP (Pre-exposure prophylaxis) clinics. PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) testing was the most commonly reported diagnostic method. Three treatment options were identified: Tecovirimat, Vaccinia Immune Globulin, and Cidofovir. Additionally, vaccines were classified into two main categories: (i) JYNNEOS (also known as MVA-BN and IMVANEX) and (ii) ACAM2000. Studies highlighted several challenges associated with isolation measures, including difficulties in maintaining consistent follow-up, ensuring patient compliance, and managing large-scale isolation logistics. Surveillance strategies emphasized effective data collection, case investigations, and public health coordination to strengthen outbreak response. Pre-emergency preparedness efforts focused on international collaboration, the development of distribution networks, models of care for Mpox treatment, and the analysis of past outbreaks to improve future response strategies. CONCLUSION: This review synthesized strategies for mpox outbreak response and containment, highlighting the need to expand vaccine access beyond GBMSM/LGBTQIA + populations, integrate screening into routine sexual health services, adopt alternative delivery and diagnostic approaches, strengthen surveillance and pre-emergency preparedness, and promote context-specific research in low- and middle-income countries to inform evidence-based policy and practice.

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BackgroundThe mpox outbreak in 2022 posed a new challenge to the medical system. We aimed to study the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection on mpox patients.MethodsThis study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.ResultsOur study included 27 articles for meta-analysis and divided mpox patients into two groups: one group was HIV-positive, and the other group was HIV-negative. We found that the age of HIV-positive patients was significantly greater than that of HIV-negative patients (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.29-0.41) and that there were more men who had sex with men in the HIV-positive group (OR = 3.98, 95% CI: 3.04-5.21). Syphilis (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 2.13-3.33), hepatitis B (OR = 3.94, 95% CI: 2.93-5.30), hepatitis C (OR = 5.71, 95% CI: 3.06-10.64), proctitis (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.17-1.98), fever (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.30), diarrhea (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.03-2.77) and pustules (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.08-1.62) were more common among HIV-positive patients. HIV coinfection seemed to be associated with a decrease in the CD4+ T-cell count (SMD = -0.78, 95% CI: -1.34 to -0.23) and hemoglobin (SMD = -0.43, 95% CI: -0.64 to -0.22) and albumin (SMD = -0.35, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.15) levels, whereas the CD8+ T-cell count yielded the opposite statistical conclusion (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.03-0.67). We also found that HIV-positive patients had more hospitalizations (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.22-2.19), more severe mpox (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.28-2.58), more need for tecovirimat treatment (OR = 4.25, 95% CI: 1.59-11.4), and higher mortality (OR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.15-9.83).ConclusionOverall, HIV coinfection may influence the disease process and clinical indicators of mpox patients and is associated with more severe clinical outcomes.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251056729, PROSPERO registration number: CRD420251056729.

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