Sodium hypochlorite 0.05% solution

ObjectiveThe aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on post-operative pain following root canal treatment.Material and methodsThe current study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023451576). The research question was formulated according to PICO strategy and aimed at determining if different concentrations of NaOCl would have influenced post-operative pain in adults following endodontic treatments. A comprehensive literature search was performed manually and through multiple electronic databases, using predefined keywords and MeSH terms. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different NaOCl concentrations (ResultsSeven RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review; moreover, four studies underwent quantitative evaluation (meta-analysis). The results showed no statistically significant difference in post-operative pain between low (ConclusionWithin the limitations of the present study, no significant differences in post-endodontic pain were found between high and low NaOCl concentrations. However, concentrations < 5% might be associated with less pain incidence. Further well-designed clinical trials with standardized methodologies are needed to provide more conclusive evidence.

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This systematic review aims to compare the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) in decontaminating gutta-percha (GP) cones against endodontic pathogens-Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans)-within 0-10 min. A systematic search was conducted in six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SCIELO, Scopus, and LILACS), supplemented by manual searches performed independently by three reviewers. No publication year restrictions were applied, and only English-language studies were included. This review followed the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The risk of bias was assessed using six parameters with a modified Cochrane risk of bias tool. Out of 309 potentially eligible studies, 216 were screened by title and abstract, 32 were selected for full-text assessments, and 7 were included. All studies had a moderate or high risk of bias. The majority of the included studies showed that higher NaOCl concentrations effectively eliminate E. faecalis and S. aureus within 1-5 min. However, data on CHX's antimicrobial effect on C. albicans were limited. The qualitative analysis suggests that NaOCl remains the most effective agent for GP decontamination, while CHX with additives shows potential against fungal species.

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BackgroundThis systematic review thoroughly evaluates the impact of various temperatures of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) used during root canal therapy (RCT) on postoperative pain (POP).MethodsAfter registering with PROSPERO (CRD420251235909, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251235909), a search was carried out by using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library published in the years 2015 January 1 to 2025 November 16. Randomized clinical trials comparing NaOCl irrigant temperatures and reporting POP outcomes were included.ResultsThree randomised Control Trial (total N ≈ 183 patients) assessed NaOCl temperature (cold ≈ 2-2.5 °C, room ≈ 22-25 °C, warm ≈ 40-66 °C). Two trials reported lower postoperative pain with cold NaOCl compared with warmer solutions at early timepoints (notably 6 h or day-1). Another trial (various concentrations and temperatures) found no statistically significant difference across temperatures or concentrations at the timepoints measured. Heterogeneity in diagnosis (vital vs. non-vital teeth), irrigant concentration, scale used for pain measurement (0-10 vs. 0-100), and timepoints limited performing meta-analysis.ConclusionsEvidence from recent RCTs suggests a short-term reduction in early postoperative pain with cold NaOCl vs. warm NaOCl or room temperature in some settings, while other trials show no difference. Temperature modulation is promising but not conclusively proven; further standardized RCTs (harmonized pain scales, same timepoints, same diagnoses) or pooled analyses with harmonized data are needed.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251235909, PROSPERO CRD420251235909.

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Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the available scientific literature on the effectiveness of combining sodium hypochlorite and cross-linked hyaluronic acid (xHyA) as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment. Materials and Methods: Five electronic databases were searched. The study was traced using the PRISMA criteria and publications from ProQuest, Google Scholar, Springer Nature, Scopus, and PubMed. The randomized study was examined using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB) tool and two case series studies were reviewed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results: The systematic review included four studies (two RCT and two case series). Across the included studies, the adjunctive use of sodium hypochlorite/amino acid gel and cross-linked hyaluronic acid (xHyA) following subgingival instrumentation was associated with improvements in clinical periodontal parameters. Probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction ranged from 1.5 to 5.8 mm, clinical attachment level (CAL) gain ranged from 1.5 to 5.3 mm, and bleeding on probing (BOP) reduction ranged from 57.5% to 65.6%. The improvements were generally more pronounced in deeper periodontal pockets. Minor variations in intervention protocols were observed among studies. Conclusions: The adjunctive use of sodium hypochlorite and cross-linked hyaluronic acid in non-surgical periodontal therapy may be associated with improvements in clinical periodontal parameters, including PPD, CAL, and BOP, particularly in deep pockets. However, the available evidence is limited and heterogeneous, with small sample sizes and short follow-up durations. Therefore, these findings should be interpreted with caution, and further well-designed long-term studies are required.

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BackgroundFor over a century, dilute sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), historically recognized as the antiseptic component of bleach, has been well established in wound care, primarily owing to its broad antimicrobial activity and ability to penetrate soft tissue and necrotic debris. NaOCl has been increasingly utilized and studied in clinical dermatology owing to its broad ranging antimicrobial, skin healing, and more recently described anti-inflammatory properties.ObjectivesThis scoping review (Open Science Network; osf.io/6hyru) synthesizes current evidence of NaOCl's applications in skin care, highlighting mechanistic insights, clinical trends, and knowledge gaps.MethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted from inception through November 2024. This review was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.ResultsFrom 6959 deduplicated records, 222 studies published between 1915 and 2024 were identified for final inclusion. Four key clinical themes for NaOCl use emerged upon analysis of these publications: antimicrobial properties (n = 57), wound care (n = 64), eczematous skin disease (n = 78), and noneczematous inflammatory skin conditions (n = 23). NaOCl exhibits broad-spectrum activity against various organisms, notably Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, contributing to its effectiveness in treating chronically infected burns, ulcers, and other wounds. Limited studies also suggest NaOCl's potential role in modulating critical processes that support wound repair. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of NaOCl have supported its utility in treating eczematous and noneczematous skin disorders.ConclusionsCurrent literature provides broad and extensive evidence supporting NaOCl's role in wound-healing, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity. However, considerable heterogeneity exists in recommended concentrations, preparation methods, and usage instructions across studies. There is a need for more randomized controlled trials and standardized protocols to better define the efficacy, safety, and optimal use of NaOCl in dermatologic practice.

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