Sodium glycerophosphate 2.16g/10ml solution for infusion ampoules

Background/Objectives: Sodium glycerophosphate improves the adverse side effects of parenteral nutrition. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate different outcomes, including metabolic bone disease and electrolyte imbalance, associated with the use of sodium glycerophosphate or inorganic phosphate in parenteral nutrition for preterm neonates. Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 402 newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of one medical center between January 2019 and September 2021. Of them, 205 received sodium glycerophosphate as parenteral nutrition, while the other 197 received inorganic phosphate. Baseline characteristics and growth parameters, including body weight, body length, and head circumference in the first year of life; calcium and phosphate content of parenteral nutrition in the first 4 weeks; calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and creatinine levels; and morbidities were compared. Results: During the first 4 weeks, the calcium and phosphate contents of parenteral nutrition were significantly higher in the sodium glycerophosphate vs. inorganic phosphate group. Growth parameters did not differ significantly between groups. The sodium glycerophosphate group showed a higher mean serum phosphate level (4.0 ± 1.2 mg/dL vs. 3.5 ± 1.3 mg/dL, p = 0.001), lower serum ALP level (402.8 ± 202.8 U/L vs. 466.4 ± 228.6 U/L, p = 0.004), lower seizure incidence (4.9% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.003), and higher hypocalcemia incidence (41.5% vs. 31.5%, p = 0.038). However, there were no significant intergroup differences in other common morbidities such as metabolic bone diseases of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, electrolyte imbalance, hypoglycemia, retinopathy of prematurity, or intraventricular hemorrhage. Conclusions: Compared to inorganic phosphate, sodium glycerophosphate is associated with higher serum phosphate levels, lower ALP levels, and reduced seizure incidence in premature infants. However, as the study was retrospective and single-center, further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Abstract licence: CC BY 4.0

Introduction: The production of bone-like structural scaffolds through bone tissue engineering technology is a promising method for bone regeneration to repair bone defects. Deer antler, an easily harvested and abundantly sourced initial bone tissue structure, resembles the composition and structure of human cancellous bone and can serve as a new material for allogeneic bone transplantation.Methods: This study involved the preparation and characterization of antler powder/chitosan/β-glycerophosphate sodium/polyvinyl alcohol (AP/CS/β-GP/PVA) porous hydrogel scaffolds to verify their material properties and osteogenic mechanisms. The microstructure, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties of the scaffolds were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurement, and a universal material testing machine. The interactions between the various components were investigated using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Biocompatibility, osteogenic properties, and expression of osteogenesis-related proteins of the scaffolds were evaluated through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin Red staining, live/dead cell staining, and Western blot analysis.Results: The results showed that as the content of deer antler powder increased, both the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of the scaffold materials improved, while the porosity slightly decreased with an increase in deer antler powder content. Cell culture experiments demonstrated that scaffolds with a higher proportion of deer antler powder were beneficial for the proliferation and differentiation of mouse pre-osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells, with the scaffolds containing 10% and 8% deer antler powder showing the best effects. The upregulation of RUNX2, OCN, OSX, and OPN protein expression may promote differentiation.Discussion: Therefore, the AP/CS/β-GP/PVA hydrogel scaffolds have the potential to become a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.

Abstract licence: CC BY 4.0