Sodium fluoride 10mg/5ml oral solution
Prescription only
Requires a prescription from a doctor or prescriber
Oral solution
10mg/5ml
Oral
Minerals
Active ingredients:
Sodium fluoride
1 safety notice
Safety information for pregnancy and breastfeeding
Breastfeeding
Administer calcium in an oral, soluble form (for example, 5% calcium gluconate, a solution of calcium lactate, or milk).
Always consult your doctor or midwife before taking any medicine during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Source: DrugBank (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
Report a side effect
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Official medicine documents
Source: MHRA Products DatabaseOGL 3.0
Updated 3 months ago(16 Jan 2026)Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
MHRA
The MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of suspected side effects from healthcare professionals and patients. View the Drug Analysis Profile (iDAP) for real-world adverse reaction data.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Sodium fluoride
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Report a side effect
Submit a Yellow Card report to the MHRA
Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
EMA
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) collects suspected adverse reaction reports from across the EU/EEA through the EudraVigilance system. Search for safety data on this medicine.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Sodium fluoride
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Learn about EU pharmacovigilance and safety monitoring
EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
1 branded products available
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Part of the Fluoritop brand family (generic: Sodium fluoride)
1 products
MHRA licensed products
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WHO defined daily dose (DDD)
88 mg
Not a recommended dose. The DDD is the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults. It is a statistical measure used for research and comparison purposes only.
Source: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, distributed via NHS dm+d BNF mapping files. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Therapeutically similar medicines
Show details
Sodium fluoride 20mg capsules
Capsule
20mg
Same therapeutic group
Magnesium hydroxide 187.5mg tablets
Tablet
187.5mg
Same BNF section
Cinacalcet 5mg/5ml oral suspension
Oral suspension
5mg/5ml
Same BNF section
Cinacalcet 30mg/5ml oral suspension
Oral suspension
30mg/5ml
Same BNF section
Cinacalcet 90mg/5ml oral suspension
Oral suspension
90mg/5ml
Same BNF section
Similarity based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and NHS BNF section grouping. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
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Clinical guidelines and formulary information
British National Formulary
Sodium fluoride
BNF
Drug monograph — bnf.nice.org.ukSource: British National Formulary, NICE. Joint Formulary Committee. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
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Pharmacy stock checkers
Search for this medicine at major UK pharmacy chains. These links open the retailer's own website — results depend on their current online catalogue.
Supply & product information
Official product databases and supply status monitoring
Pharmacy links redirect to the retailer's own search and do not represent real-time stock levels. emc (electronic medicines compendium) is operated by Datapharm Ltd. Shortage information sourced from NHS Specialist Pharmacy Service (SPS), sps.nhs.uk.
Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
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These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
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SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF codes from NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA). ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
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Searching UK clinical trials...
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
None known
Half-life
3 to 10 hours
Mechanism
The prevention of dental caries by topical fluoride is achieved by various mechanisms.
Food interactions
1 warning
Human targets
1 target
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
90%
Sodium fluoride is 90% absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with 77% of absorption in the proximal intestine and about 25% in the stomach.…
Half-life
3 to 10 hours
The terminal plasma elimination half-life following the ingestion of fluoridated drinking water generally ranges from 3 to 10 hours.
[L7685]…
[L7685]…
Protein binding
Fluoride ions are bound to plasma proteins.
[A181652]
The percentage of protein binding is not readily available in the evaluated literature.
[A181652]
The percentage of protein binding is not readily available in the evaluated literature.
Volume of distribution
36%
Fluoride distributes to the saliva, bones, and teeth, and is also found in lesser quantities in the breastmilk and sweat.
[A181652]…
[A181652]…
Metabolism
Several factors can affect the metabolism of sodium fluoride.…
Elimination
90%
Sodium fluoride is rapidly excreted, mainly in the urine. About 90% of fluoride is filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed by the renal tubules.…
Clearance
11.2mL/min
Sodium fluoride is rapidly cleared by the kidneys and depends on various factors, including glomerular filtration rate, urine flow, and urine pH.
[L7685]…
[L7685]…
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Status:
Approved
Investigational
Small molecule
About this compound
Sodium fluoride is an inorganic chemical compound that is a source of the fluoride ion in many applications, including dental care and radiographic imaging when it is used as [Fluoride ion F-18].[L4894] Sodium fluoride's benefits on dental health were first observed in the 1930s, when individuals in communities with fluoridated drinking water showed less tooth decay than those without fluoridated water. The use of fluoride in dental practice began in the 1940s. Now, sodium fluoride may be found in a variety of gels, varnishes, rinses, toothpaste products, and fluoride treatments provided in dental care.[A181670][A181688] According to the American Dental Association (ADA), thorough evidence reviews have indicated that the use of fluoride to prevent and control dental caries is safe when used correctly and is highly effective in reducing the prevalence of caries.[L7691]
Properties:
solid
Avg. mass: 41.99 Da
DrugBank indication
Sodium fluoride in the oral or topical form is indicated for the prevention and control of dental caries and for the maintenance of dental health.
[A181652][L7670]
Fluoride supplements in the form of tablets and other formulas may be prescribed to prevent tooth decay in high-risk children aged 6 months to 16 years old whose drinking water source contains low fluoride concentrations.
[L7691]
[A181652][L7670]
Fluoride supplements in the form of tablets and other formulas may be prescribed to prevent tooth decay in high-risk children aged 6 months to 16 years old whose drinking water source contains low fluoride concentrations.
[L7691]
Also known as(14)
Sodium fluoride
2,3-diketo-5-methylthio-1-phosphopentane phosphatase
3.1.3.77
MASA
MASA homolog
2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase
2-phosphoglycerate dehydratase
4.2.1.11
Dosage forms(583)
Solution (Dental) — 0.2 %
Gel (Dental) — 1.1 %
Paste (Dental) — 0.12 g/120g
Mouthwash (Dental) — 1.1 mg/1
Tablet (Dental) — 1.1 mg/1
Gel, dentifrice (Dental) — 1.69 g/100g
Gel (Buccal; Dental; Topical) — 12.3 mg/1g
Gel (Buccal; Dental; Topical) — 27.73 mg/1g
Molecular properties(16)
Drug interactions(722)
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Cyclosporine
Moderate
Cyclosporine may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotiam may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Mesalazine
Moderate
Mesalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmenoxime
Moderate
Cefmenoxime may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefmetazole
Moderate
Cefmetazole may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Pamidronic acid
Moderate
Pamidronic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenofovir disoproxil
Moderate
Tenofovir disoproxil may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Indomethacin
Moderate
Indomethacin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cidofovir may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefpiramide
Moderate
Cefpiramide may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceftazidime
Moderate
Ceftazidime may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Loracarbef
Moderate
Loracarbef may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefalotin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Nabumetone
Moderate
Nabumetone may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Ketorolac may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Tenoxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Celecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefotaxime
Moderate
Cefotaxime may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Tolmetin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Foscarnet may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Rofecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Piroxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Methotrexate
Moderate
Methotrexate may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephalexin
Moderate
Cephalexin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Fenoprofen
Moderate
Fenoprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Valaciclovir
Moderate
Valaciclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Valdecoxib
Moderate
Valdecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Diclofenac
Moderate
Diclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulindac may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Bacitracin
Moderate
Bacitracin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Amphotericin B
Moderate
Amphotericin B may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cephaloglycin
Moderate
Cephaloglycin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Flurbiprofen
Moderate
Flurbiprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Adefovir dipivoxil
Moderate
Adefovir dipivoxil may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Pentamidine
Moderate
Pentamidine may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Etodolac may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Mefenamic acid
Moderate
Mefenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Acyclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Naproxen may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulfasalazine
Moderate
Sulfasalazine may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Phenylbutazone
Moderate
Phenylbutazone may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Meloxicam may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Carprofen may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Cefaclor may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Diflunisal
Moderate
Diflunisal may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Tacrolimus
Moderate
Tacrolimus may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Ceforanide
Moderate
Ceforanide may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Salicylic acid
Moderate
Salicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Meclofenamic acid
Moderate
Meclofenamic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Acetylsalicylic acid
Moderate
Acetylsalicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
Showing 50 of 722 interactions
Food & lifestyle interactions
Advice
Avoid milk and dairy products. Do no take this drug within 1 hour of consuming dairy products.
Toxicity & overdose
The oral LD50 of sodium fluoride is 44 mg/kg in mice and 31 mg/kg in rats. The oral LD50 of sodium fluoride in rabbits is 200 mg/kg.
[L7679]
Overdose information
The ingestion of toothpaste is the major cause of sodium fluoride overdose. This is followed by sodium fluoride supplements and mouth rinses.
Most causes of sodium fluoride toxicity have been observed in children under the age of 6 years old.
[A181670]
The manifestations of a sodium fluoride overdose may include gastrointestinal disturbance, abdominal pain, alterations in taste, seizures, salivation, bradycardia, tachycardia, headache, tremor, and shallow breathing.
[L7676]
Gastrointestinal bleeding may also occur in addition to a sensation of burning in the mouth.
[L7670]
Hypotension, bronchospasm, fixed mydriasis, and elevated potassium can also occur which, in turn, may lead to arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.
[A181670]
Management
If a dose greater than 5 mg fluoride per kilogram of body weight (2.3 mg fluoride per pound of body weight) has been taken, it is advisable to induce vomiting. Administer calcium in an oral, soluble form (for example, 5% calcium gluconate, a solution of calcium lactate, or milk). The patient should seek immediate medical attention.
If a sodium fluoride ingestion of 15 mg fluoride/kg of body weight or more occurs (i.e. higher than 6.9 mg fluoride per pound), immediately induce vomiting, provide supportive care, and admit the patient to the hospital for observation.
[L7670]
[L7679]
Overdose information
The ingestion of toothpaste is the major cause of sodium fluoride overdose. This is followed by sodium fluoride supplements and mouth rinses.
Most causes of sodium fluoride toxicity have been observed in children under the age of 6 years old.
[A181670]
The manifestations of a sodium fluoride overdose may include gastrointestinal disturbance, abdominal pain, alterations in taste, seizures, salivation, bradycardia, tachycardia, headache, tremor, and shallow breathing.
[L7676]
Gastrointestinal bleeding may also occur in addition to a sensation of burning in the mouth.
[L7670]
Hypotension, bronchospasm, fixed mydriasis, and elevated potassium can also occur which, in turn, may lead to arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.
[A181670]
Management
If a dose greater than 5 mg fluoride per kilogram of body weight (2.3 mg fluoride per pound of body weight) has been taken, it is advisable to induce vomiting. Administer calcium in an oral, soluble form (for example, 5% calcium gluconate, a solution of calcium lactate, or milk). The patient should seek immediate medical attention.
If a sodium fluoride ingestion of 15 mg fluoride/kg of body weight or more occurs (i.e. higher than 6.9 mg fluoride per pound), immediately induce vomiting, provide supportive care, and admit the patient to the hospital for observation.
[L7670]
How it works
Mechanism of action
The prevention of dental caries by topical fluoride is achieved by various mechanisms.[A181703] Sodium fluoride kills bacteria that cause caries, such a Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli[A181718] by interfering with their metabolic activities that result in the formation of lactic acid. Fluoride ions cause the inhibition of glycolytic and other enzymes involved in bacterial metabolism. It changes the permeability of cell membranes, lowering the pH in the cytoplasm of the cell, leading to a decrease in acidity, which is normally implicated in tooth decay.[A181652]
When administered at low topical doses, fluoride in both saliva and plaque and saliva prevent the demineralization of healthy tooth enamel while remineralizing teeth that have previously been demineralized. Sodium fluoride is absorbed by the surface of hydroxyapatite crystals on the teeth, which are necessary for mineralization. This renders the teeth more resistant to demineralization by changing the apatite crystal solubility.[A181670][A181694] Sodium fluoride inhibits the demineralization of teeth in a pH-related manner. When used in high doses, in formulations such as the fluoride varnishes or gels, sodium fluoride forms a layer on the surface of tooth enamel. When the pH of the mouth is reduced due to acid production by bacteria such as S.mutans, fluoride is released, interfering with bacterial metabolism, and then acts to remineralize the teeth.[A181652][A181694][L7688]
When administered at low topical doses, fluoride in both saliva and plaque and saliva prevent the demineralization of healthy tooth enamel while remineralizing teeth that have previously been demineralized. Sodium fluoride is absorbed by the surface of hydroxyapatite crystals on the teeth, which are necessary for mineralization. This renders the teeth more resistant to demineralization by changing the apatite crystal solubility.[A181670][A181694] Sodium fluoride inhibits the demineralization of teeth in a pH-related manner. When used in high doses, in formulations such as the fluoride varnishes or gels, sodium fluoride forms a layer on the surface of tooth enamel. When the pH of the mouth is reduced due to acid production by bacteria such as S.mutans, fluoride is released, interfering with bacterial metabolism, and then acts to remineralize the teeth.[A181652][A181694][L7688]
Pharmacodynamics
Sodium fluoride protects the teeth from acid demineralization while preventing tooth decay by bacteria while strengthening tooth enamel.[A181655][A181688] It is important to note that excess fluoride exposure during tooth mineralization, especially in children 1-3 years old, may cause fluorosis. It is a condition manifested by white lines, pitting, or discoloration of teeth resulting from changes in tooth enamel.[A181700][L7688] The risk of fluorosis can be decreased by the use of a rice-size amount of fluoridated toothpaste in children younger than 3 years old. It is recommended that no more than a pea-sized quantity of fluoridated toothpaste should be used for children from 3 to 6 years old.[L7688] The American Dentistry Association (ADA) recommends that children should be closely supervised during toothpaste use to prevent excess fluoride ingestion.[L7691]
Pharmacokinetics
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Absorption
Sodium fluoride is 90% absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with 77% of absorption in the proximal intestine and about 25% in the stomach. The rate of absorption may vary according to gastric pH. Cmax is reached 20-60 minutes after ingestion.
[A181658]
Cmax was estimated to be 848 ± 116 ng/mL after a 20mg sodium fluoride solution was ingested, with a Tmax of 0.46 ± 0.17 hours.
[A181652]
The bioavailability of sodium fluoride tablets administered in the fasted state during one pharmacokinetic study approached 100%.
[A181658]
Another resource reports a sodium fluoride AUC of 1.14 ± 0.12 μg × h/mL after the ingestion of fluoridated water.
[A181664]
[A181658]
Cmax was estimated to be 848 ± 116 ng/mL after a 20mg sodium fluoride solution was ingested, with a Tmax of 0.46 ± 0.17 hours.
[A181652]
The bioavailability of sodium fluoride tablets administered in the fasted state during one pharmacokinetic study approached 100%.
[A181658]
Another resource reports a sodium fluoride AUC of 1.14 ± 0.12 μg × h/mL after the ingestion of fluoridated water.
[A181664]
Half-life
The terminal plasma elimination half-life following the ingestion of fluoridated drinking water generally ranges from 3 to 10 hours.
[L7685]
The half-life of sodium fluoride in the bones is 20 years.
[L7697]
[L7685]
The half-life of sodium fluoride in the bones is 20 years.
[L7697]
Protein binding
Fluoride ions are bound to plasma proteins.
[A181652]
The percentage of protein binding is not readily available in the evaluated literature.
[A181652]
The percentage of protein binding is not readily available in the evaluated literature.
Volume of distribution
Fluoride distributes to the saliva, bones, and teeth, and is also found in lesser quantities in the breastmilk and sweat.
[A181652]
After the ingestion of sodium fluoridated drinking water, the fluoride ions are found to distribute to the plasma and blood cells. Plasma levels of fluoride concentrations are twice as the concentrations found in blood cells.
[L7685]
Adults have been found to retain 36% of ingested fluoride and children have been found to retain about 50% of a dose. Most of the retained fluoride is localized to bone and teeth and 1% accumulates in soft tissues.
[A181652]
Fluoride crosses the placenta and the blood-brain barrier.
The central nervous system concentrations of sodium fluoride are estimated to reach 20% the plasma concentrations.
[L7685]
Studies conducted in communities with high levels of fluoride in water did not show any increase in birth defects.
[L7670]
The placenta is able to regulate the accumulation of excess fluoride, possibly protecting the fetus from high levels of fluoride.
[A181670]
Despite this, excessively high exposure to fluoride in utero may lead to skeletal fluorosis.
[L7670]
[A181652]
After the ingestion of sodium fluoridated drinking water, the fluoride ions are found to distribute to the plasma and blood cells. Plasma levels of fluoride concentrations are twice as the concentrations found in blood cells.
[L7685]
Adults have been found to retain 36% of ingested fluoride and children have been found to retain about 50% of a dose. Most of the retained fluoride is localized to bone and teeth and 1% accumulates in soft tissues.
[A181652]
Fluoride crosses the placenta and the blood-brain barrier.
The central nervous system concentrations of sodium fluoride are estimated to reach 20% the plasma concentrations.
[L7685]
Studies conducted in communities with high levels of fluoride in water did not show any increase in birth defects.
[L7670]
The placenta is able to regulate the accumulation of excess fluoride, possibly protecting the fetus from high levels of fluoride.
[A181670]
Despite this, excessively high exposure to fluoride in utero may lead to skeletal fluorosis.
[L7670]
Metabolism
Several factors can affect the metabolism of sodium fluoride. These include disorders of acid-base balance, circadian rhythm, hematocrit level, high or low altitude, the level physical activity, hormonal status, renal function, genetic predispositions in addition to the diet.
[A181652]
[A181652]
Route of elimination
Sodium fluoride is rapidly excreted, mainly in the urine. About 90% of fluoride is filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed by the renal tubules. About 10% is excreted in the feces.
[A181652]
[A181652]
Clearance
Sodium fluoride is rapidly cleared by the kidneys and depends on various factors, including glomerular filtration rate, urine flow, and urine pH.
[L7685]
According to one clinical study evaluating the pharmacokinetics of oral sodium fluoride tablets in healthy young adults, the renal clearance was determined to be 77.4 ± 11.2mL/min for acidic urine and 78.4 ± 6.9mL/min for alkaline urine.
[A181658]
Another reference estimates the renal clearance of fluoride ions from sodium fluoridated water at 35–45 mL/min.
[A181664]
[L7685]
According to one clinical study evaluating the pharmacokinetics of oral sodium fluoride tablets in healthy young adults, the renal clearance was determined to be 77.4 ± 11.2mL/min for acidic urine and 78.4 ± 6.9mL/min for alkaline urine.
[A181658]
Another reference estimates the renal clearance of fluoride ions from sodium fluoridated water at 35–45 mL/min.
[A181664]
Drug targets(1)
Metabolizing enzymes(1)
Enzymes involved in drug metabolism — important for understanding drug interactions
Enzyme activity key
substrate
inhibitor
inducer
ENOPH1Enolase-phosphatase E1
inhibitor
Scientific references(10)
Kanduti D., Sterbenk P., Artnik B.
FLUORIDE: A REVIEW OF USE AND EFFECTS ON HEALTH.
Mater Sociomed
2016 Apr28(2):133-7. doi: 10.5455/msm.2016.28.133-137. Epub 2016 Mar 25
Peckham S., Awofeso N.
Water fluoridation: a critical review of the physiological effects of ingested fluoride as a public health intervention.
ScientificWorldJournal
2014 Feb 262014:293019. doi: 10.1155/2014/293019. eCollection 2014
Ekstrand J., Spak C.J.
Fluoride pharmacokinetics: its implications in the fluoride treatment of osteoporosis.
Journal Bone Miner Research
1990 Mar5 Suppl 1:S53-61. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.5650051380
Whitford G.M., Sampaio F.C., Pinto C.S., Maria A.G., Cardoso V.E., Buzalaf M.A.
Pharmacokinetics of ingested fluoride: lack of effect of chemical compound.
Arch Oral Biological
2008 Nov53(11):1037-41. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.04.001. Epub 2008 Jun 2
Ullah R., Zafar M.S., Shahani N.
Potential fluoride toxicity from oral medicaments: A review.
Iran Journal Basic Medicine Science
2017 Aug20(8):841-848. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2017.9104
Medjedovic E., Medjedovic S., Deljo D., Sukalo A.
IMPACT OF FLUORIDE ON DENTAL HEALTH QUALITY.
Mater Sociomed
2015 Dec27(6):395-8. doi: 10.5455/msm.2015.27.395-398
Buzalaf M.A.R., Pessan J.P., Honorio H.M., Ten Cate J.M.
Mechanisms of action of fluoride for caries control.
Monogr Oral Science
201122:97-114. doi: 10.1159/000325151. Epub 2011 Jun 23
DenBesten P., Li W.
Chronic fluoride toxicity: dental fluorosis.
Monogr Oral Science
201122:81-96. doi: 10.1159/000327028. Epub 2011 Jun 23
Authors unspecified
The use of fluoride in infants and children.
Paediatr Child Health
2002 Oct7(8):569-82. doi: 10.1093/pch/7.8.569
Pandit S., Kim J.E., Jung K.H., Chang K.W., Jeon J.G.
Effect of sodium fluoride on the virulence factors and composition of Streptococcus mutans biofilms.
Arch Oral Biological
2011 Jul56(7):643-9. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.12.012. Epub 2011 Jan 15
ATC classification(3 codes)
ATC A01AA51
ATC A01AA01
ATC A12CD01
Affected organisms(2)
Humans and other mammals
Streptococcus mutans
Experimental properties(4)
Commercial products(2830)
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Show
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Sodium fluoride
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
219
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
6416
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
11088
ChemSpider
5045
BindingDB
50209223
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:24599
GeneCards
ENOPH1
UniProt Accession
ENOPH_HUMAN
UniProt Accession
ENO_LACCB
UniProt Accession
ENO_STRSV
UniProt Accession
ENO_STRMU
Patent information
1 active patent
8323683
United States
Approved 4 Dec 2012 · Expires 30 Apr 2028
2 years
Source: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0. Patent data sourced from national patent offices. Expiry dates may not reflect extensions, regulatory exclusivity periods, or legal challenges.
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications:
Knox C., Wilson M., Klinger C.M., et al
DrugBank 6.
0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024
Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 552(D1):D1265-D1275
Wishart D.S., Feunang Y.D., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank 5.
0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018
Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Nov 846(D1):D1074-D1082
Show earlier publications
Law V., Knox C., Djoumbou Y., et al
DrugBank 4.
0: shedding new light on drug metabolism
Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Jan 142(1):D1091-7
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Source: go.drugbank.comCC BY-NC 4.0
Updated about 1 month ago(4 Mar 2026)