Sodium fluoride 0.32% / Triclosan 0.3% dental paste sugar free

Introduction The increasing prevalence of dental implants has brought greater attention to the prevention and management of peri-implant diseases, which can compromise long-term implant success. This systematic review evaluated the current evidence on oral self-care practices for maintaining peri-implant health in healthy, non-smoking adults. Methods This systematic review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement and registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD420251028140). PICO methods and guidelines for the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine were used to develop the focus question, “ What are the best practices for oral self-care for the prevention and management of peri-implant conditions and diseases?” Risk of bias was determined by applying the ROBIS Tool to assess risk of bias in systematic reviews and the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2). Results Across 12 studies, interventions were categorized into five domains: toothbrushes, interdental aids, toothpaste, mouth rinses/topicals, and multi-modal self-care strategies. Powered toothbrushes, particularly oscillating-rotating models, demonstrated superior plaque and inflammation reduction compared to manual options. Triclosan-containing toothpastes consistently outperformed fluoride-only formulations in decreasing plaque, bleeding on probing, and pathogenic bacteria. Interdental aids such as interproximal brushes and oral irrigators were more effective than floss in reducing inflammatory markers. Stannous fluoride-based rinses showed potential anti-inflammatory benefits, while prolonged chlorhexidine use may elevate inflammatory cytokines. Discussion A multimodal approach combining mechanical and chemical adjuncts was most effective for peri-implant disease prevention. These findings emphasize the importance of individualized, evidence-based home care protocols in preserving implant longevity and reducing peri-implant disease burden. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251028140 , PROSPERO CRD420251028140.

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CONTEXT: Aerosols composed of airborne biological material, present significant biohazard risks during dental procedures due to their potential pathogenicity. Effective infection control measures are essential to mitigate these risks during oral prophylaxis and other dental activities. AIM: The study seeks to evaluate the efficacy of two commercially available mouthwashes - one with stabilized chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) and the other herbal based - as preprocedural rinses and their acceptance in children, offering alternative options to Kidodent mouthwash. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 60 individuals aged 9-14 years, with 15 participants allocated to each group based on specific inclusion criteria. After obtaining informed consent, participants rinsed with either with fluoride-triclosan-based mouthwash (Kidodent), stabilized ClO 2 mouthwash (Freshclor), botanical oral rinse (BOR) (Oralife), or saline before ultrasonic scaling. Blood agar plates were used to capture airborne bacteria during oral prophylaxis, and colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted after incubation. Sensory analysis assessed mouthwash acceptability using a postoperative hedonic scale. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: SPSS software analyzed the data, computing mean ± standard deviation for each variable. One-way ANOVA tested group differences in CFUs, followed by post hoc Tukey's testing. Sensory responses were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: The study found that BOR, Freshclor, and Kidodent significantly reduced bacterial CFUs compared to normal saline rinse ( P < 0.001). Stabilized ClO 2 and BOR were as effective as Kidodent ( P > 0.05). Children favored stabilized ClO 2 ( n = 15; 100%) and then Kidodent ( n = 13; 86.67%), with BOR being the least favored ( n = 6; 40%). CONCLUSIONS: The research underscores the significance of preprocedural mouthrinses in reducing contamination risks during dental procedures ( P < 0.001). Oralife and Freshclor exhibit efficacy similar to Kidodent mouthwash for children ( P > 0.05), offering safer alternatives containing botanical extracts and stabilized ClO 2 , respectively.

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Modern toothpastes are complex formulations with various ingredients. The aim of this study was to analyze the improvement of toothpaste formulations from 1900 to 2023 focusing on active ingredients with remineralizing, antibacterial, or plaque-removing effects, and to discuss their influence on caries prevention. For this, worldwide patent applications were searched using the international database Espacenet from the European Patent Office. Additionally, toothpaste products were searched using the Mintel product database from 1996 to 2023. The searched ingredients were (in alphabetical order): calcium carbonate, calcium phosphates, hydrated silica, sodium fluoride, sodium lauryl sulfate, triclosan, xylitol, and zinc salts as they are known from the scientific literature to be remineralizing or antibacterial/antiplaque agents. It was shown that the number of patent applications containing these ingredients significantly increased since the 1970s. As these ingredients have remineralizing, antibacterial, or plaque-removing effects, they all can contribute to caries prevention. In conclusion, and within the limitations of this approach, this study shows that toothpaste formulations have greatly improved over the past decades by using various active anticaries ingredients.

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SuFEx click chemistry demonstrates remarkable molecular assembly capabilities. However, the effective utilization of alkyl sulfonyl fluoride hubs in SuFEx chemistry, particularly in reactions with alcohols and primary amines, presents considerable challenges. This study pioneers an intramolecular chalcogen bonding activated SuFEx (S-SuFEx) click chemistry employing alkyl sulfonyl fluorides with γ-S as the activating group. The ChB-activated alkyl sulfonyl fluorides can react smoothly with phenols, alcohols, and amines, exhibiting enhanced reactivity compared to SO2F2. Excellent yields have been achieved with all 75 tested substrates. Pioneering the application of S-SuFEx chemistry, we highlight its immense potential in organic-inorganic linking, considering the critical role of interfacial covalent bonding in material fabrication. The S-SuFEx hub 1c, incorporating a trialkoxy silane group has been specifically designed and synthesized for organic-inorganic linking. In a simple step, 1c efficiently anchors various organic compounds onto surfaces of inorganic materials, forming functionalized surfaces with properties such as antibacterial activity, hydrophobicity, and fluorescence. Establishing efficient covalent linkages between functional organic molecules and inorganic materials remains a significant challenge. Herein, the authors report an intramolecular chalcogen bonding activated SuFEx click chemistry and establish a clickable platform for the efficient linkage of organic compounds and inorganic materials.

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Triclosan (TCS) is a highly effective broad-spectrum antibacterial agent; however, the specific roles of TCS in oocyte maturation remain poorly understood. This research investigated the influence of TCS on biologically active processes during the in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes. Our results demonstrated that TCS significantly decreased the maturation rate of porcine oocytes in a concentration-dependent manner and impaired cumulus expansion. These detrimental effects were mediated by the disruption of mitochondrial function and distribution, leading to oxidative stress characterized by an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a decrease in the expression of the antioxidant enzymes SOD2 and GSH, reduced ATP production, and a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). We also observed interference with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) distribution, disturbances in Ca2+ homeostasis, and fluctuations in ER stress, as evidenced by reduced expression of ER stress-related proteins. Furthermore, TCS exposure induced autophagy, as indicated by the levels of SQSTM1 (P62) and LC3-II. Additionally, TCS increased apoptosis rates, corresponding with a downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. Collectively, our findings suggest that exposure to TCS can impair cytoplasmic function, thereby affecting oocyte quality.

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INTRODUCTION: Prevention of dental caries is one of the main strategies in contemporary pediatric dental practice. Mouth rinses are widely used as an adjunct to maintain oral hygiene. It is important for these products to be effective and safe for regular use in children. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of a newly introduced xylitol, sodium fluoride and triclosan containing mouth rinse in reducing levels of plaque Streptococcus mutans and to compare it with that of a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth rinse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty children were randomly divided into two groups of 15 children each. Group I (study group) was given a mouth rinse containing xylitol (5%), sodium fluoride (0.05%) and triclosan (0.03%) and Group II (control group) was given a chlorhexidine (0.12%) mouth rinse. Both mouth rinses were alcohol free. Mouth rinsing was carried out twice daily, half an hour after breakfast and half an hour following dinner, for a period of 21 days under the supervision of the investigator. RESULTS: In both groups, there was a significant reduction in the mean S. mutans count at the end of 21 days (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two mouth rinses. CONCLUSION: The use of a low fluoride-xylitol based mouth rinse appears to be a suitable choice for regular use in children.

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Background: Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay is a widespread oral health problem mainly attributed to the activity of cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species. Tooth Mousse, containing remineralizing agents, herbal and fluoride containing toothpaste with antimicrobial agents have been developed to target cariogenic bacteria. Herbal, fluoride toothpaste, and Tooth Mousse are commonly prescribed to prevent, reduce, and control dental caries. Aim: This study aims to analyze the effect of Tooth Mousse and medicated toothpastes on S. mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus using direct contact test. Methodology: L. acidophilus and S. mutans were cultured on Mueller–Hinton agar (MHA-Hi media) using sterile cotton swabs and plates were dried for 15 min. Toothpastes (Dabur Red, Pepsodent) and Tooth Mousse were used at 1:1 dilution using sterile pyrogen-free distilled water. Fifty microliter of toothpastes and Tooth Mousse were introduced into each well. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Results and Discussion: The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring the diameter of zones of inhibition (mm). The toothpaste containing fluoride (A) showed greater zone of inhibition compared to herbal toothpaste (B) whereas Tooth Mousse (C) did not show any zone of inhibition. Conclusion: Among herbal and fluoride toothpaste, fluoride containing toothpaste showed more zone of inhibition thereby attributing to its increased antimicrobial property on S. mutans and L. acidophilus.

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PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the cytotoxicity (irritant potency) of toothpaste ingredients, of which some had known to have sensitizing properties. MATERIALS: From the wide variety of toothpaste ingredients, Xylitol, Propylene glycol (PEG), Sodium metaphosphate (SMP), Lemon, Peppermint, Fluoride, Cinnamon, and Triclosan and Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) have been selected for evaluation of their cytotoxic properties. METHODS: Reconstructed human gingiva (RHG) were topically exposed to toothpaste ingredients at different concentrations. The compound concentration resulting in 50% cell death (EC50) and 10% cell death (EC10) was determined by the MTT assay. Detrimental effects in tissue histology were observed by hematoxylin & eosin staining of tissue sections followed by microscopy. RESULTS: While Xylitol, PEG, and SMP did not appear to affect cell viability or tissue histology, the concentrations of Lemon, Peppermint, Cinnamon and SDS present in toothpastes exceeded the EC50 value and resulted in clear detrimental effects in tissue histology, indicating that they could harm the oral mucosa. Triclosan and Fluoride concentrations in the tested toothpastes exceeded the EC10 value but remained below the EC50 value with no clear detrimental effects in tissue histology. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Manufacturers are encouraged to comply with higher standards of quality and safety for toothpaste.

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This study examined an improved and simplified method for solid-phase extraction that provides rapid and accurate determination and identification of 116 pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in an aqueous environment using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The common active compounds include 22 sulfonamides, 18 quinolones, 8 macrolides, 18 β-agonists, 6 sedative-hypnotics, 3 antipyretic-analgesics, 3 antihypertensives, 2 antidiabetic drugs, 3 antihistamines, 8 sex hormones, 2 antivirals, 6 nitroimidazoles, 8 glucocorticoids, and 3 amphenicols, lincomycin, pimaricin, levothyroxine sodium, bisphenol A, aldosterone, and melamine in water samples. Key parameters of tandem mass spectrometry, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, and solid-phase extraction were optimized to enhance the analytical performance. The calibration curves were accomplished at seven concentration levels, and a satisfactory linear relationship (R > 0.99) was observed within the range of 5-800 ng/mL. Results showed varying limits of detection (0.0136-13.3 ng/L for different analytes based on signal-to-noise (S/N) = 3) and limits of quantitation (0.0452-44.4 ng/L). Recoveries of the spiked samples ranged from 53.1% to 116.5% with relative standard deviation lower than 9.9%. This approach effectively minimized matrix interference, improved extraction efficiency, and enhanced detection sensitivity, enabling more accurate PPCP residue analysis in water. The validated method was applied to raw water, treated water, and river water samples from Hangzhou, detecting 47 compounds at concentrations ranging from nondetected to 359 ng/L. Our findings provided critical technical support for the preliminary establishment of an environmental monitoring system targeting emerging pollutants. Notably, to the best of our knowledge, this study represented the first reported detection of melamine, loratadine, aldosterone, and levothyroxine sodium in aquatic environments. In particular, melamine was detected in aquatic environment for the first time, thus expanding the understanding of PPCPs' pollution status.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of commercially available, fluoride-free mouthwashes sold in Indianapolis, IN, on Streptococcus mutans biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-one different mouthwashes were purchased. A 16-h culture of S. mutans UA159 was treated with the mouthwashes in three dilutions (1:3, 1:6, and 1:12), prepared in Tryptic Soy broth supplemented with 1% sucrose. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), planktonic, and biofilm growth were evaluated using a spectrophotometer. In addition, the growth for minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was evaluated using five μL of the dilution and incubated on blood agar. For the analysis of the results, the mouthwashes were separated into six groups according to their active ingredients (cetylpyridinium chloride/CPC, n = 25; essential oils/EO n = 10; whitening/W (hydrogen peroxide/ sodium hexametaphosphate), n = 12; Natural-Derived Actives / NDA, n = 15; zinc chloride/ZC, n = 3; others/O, n = 16). ANOVA followed by the Tukey test was performed (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Regarding MIC, planktonic, and biofilm growth of S. mutans, there was a significant decrease for the W and CPC groups (p < 0.001). The EO and W groups had more inhibition on S. mutans biofilm compared to the CPC group (p < 0.05). For ZC, NDA, and O groups, there were different effects within the same group, presenting a large variability. About MBC, W and CPC groups presented the higher inhibition (W > CPC > EO > NDA/ZC/O). CONCLUSION: The mouthwashes demonstrated significant effect on S. mutans biofilm, especially in the 1:3 dilution. W and CPC groups had a more significant effect on S. mutans biofilm. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: S. mutans is an important bacterium in dental caries and periodontal diseases. Our study showed that non-fluoridated mouthwashes affect the initial stages of biofilm formation.

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