Sodium bicarbonate mixture paediatric

This meta-analysis explored the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on swimming performance. Seven databases were searched to find relevant studies. A random-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean differences (SMD) was performed to analyze the data. Nine studies were included in the review. There was no significant difference between placebo and sodium bicarbonate when considering data from all included studies (SMD: –0.10; p = 0.208) or in the subgroup analysis for 91.4-m and 100-m swimming tests (SMD: 0.11; p = 0.261). In the subgroup analysis for 200-m and 400-m swimming tests, there was a significant ergogenic effect of sodium bicarbonate (SMD: –0.22; p < 0.001). Overall, these results suggest that sodium bicarbonate ingestion improves performance in 200-m and 400-m swimming events. The ergogenic effects of this supplement were small, but they may also be of substantial practical importance given that placings in swimming competitions are commonly determined by narrow margins.

Abstract licence: CC BY 4.0

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a spice used in many parts of the world for culinary and medicinal purposes. It is a good source of essential oil with both the rhizome and its essential oil becoming increasingly acceptable for traditional, medicinal and commercial uses. Essential oils may be referred to as ethereal oils or volatile oils due to their volatile nature at room temperature. This review is intended to highlight the uses of ginger essential oil as well as summarise the effect of site, duration and geographical location of cultivation on the oil. In view, there are vast and abundant uses of ginger essential oil and different cultivars of ginger would be observed to differ in weight yield and composition, with China ginger oil (4.07% yield) having 43 compounds and Indian ginger oil (1.26% yeild) having 60 compounds, hence differing in quality and bioactivity. It may be concluded in this review that various aspects of cultivation as earlier mentioned affect the composition, bioactivity, potency, colour, aroma and weight yield of ginger essential oil which essentially affect its use from one culture to another.

Abstract licence: CC BY 3.0

This review is an analysis of reported studies that address the broad categories of diet quality and metabolic health. Among the noteworthy findings was that offering vegetables with a reduced-fat dip containing herb and spice flavors increased tasting, liking, acceptance, and/or consumption of vegetables among preschool children 3-5 years old. Consumers reported increased liking of an herb and spice-modified low-salt (LS) soup after repeated exposure, while no such increase was seen for its LS counterpart without spices and herbs. A study among cafeteria patrons reported similar appreciation for a LS legume-based mezze with herbs and spices and its counterpart with 50% higher salt, suggesting that the addition of herbs and spices is a feasible strategy to reduce salt content while maintaining consumer acceptance. Studies in the category of metabolic health have reported that speed of working memory was increased by an acute low dose of rosemary (750 mg) provided in tomato juice among free-living elderly study participants (65-90 years of age), whereas the opposite effect resulted from the highest dose (6000 mg). An ex vivo study among young adults (20-39 years of age) found that consumption of paprika, rosemary, ginger, heat-treated turmeric, sage and cumin for 7 days protected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from DNA strand breaks while black pepper, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, clove, oregano (heat-treated or dried), and turmeric (no heat treatment) did not. A study among overweight/obese (mean BMI = 27 kg/m2) women provided with dietary red pepper and turmeric for 4 weeks demonstrated that these spices did not affect oxidative stress or inflammatory markers compared to a placebo, and another study showed that black pepper did not affect 24-hour energy expenditure or substrate utilization among postmenopausal women when provided at 0.5 mg/meal.

Abstract licence: CC BY