Rufinamide 400mg tablets
Requires a prescription from a doctor or prescriber
Rufinamide is a triazole derivative and an anticonvulsant medication to treat seizure disorders like Lennox-Gastuat syndrome, a form of childhood epilepsy.
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Yellow Card reports
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Rufinamide
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Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Rufinamide
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2 branded products available
This is the NHS Drug Tariff indicative price used for reimbursement purposes. It may not reflect the price paid by patients or pharmacies.
View full Drug TariffSource: NHS Drug Tariff via NHSBSA. Derived from dm+d VMPP (Virtual Medicinal Product Pack) pricing data. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
WHO defined daily dose (DDD)
1.4 gram
Not a recommended dose. The DDD is the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults. It is a statistical measure used for research and comparison purposes only.
Source: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, distributed via the NHS dm+d supplementary BNF/ATC mapping files (NHSBSA). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Therapeutically similar medicines
Similarity is based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and on a factual NHS dm+d therapeutic-grouping code prefix. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
Guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
NICE clinical guidance(2)
Fenfluramine for treating seizures associated with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome in people 2 years and over (TA1050)
Epilepsies in children, young people and adults (NG217)
Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
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Supply & safety information
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Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
Browse tools
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF code shown is the factual mapping value distributed by NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA) in the dm+d supplementary file under OGL v3.0; it is not affiliated with, nor licensed from, the publishers of the British National Formulary. ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Academic studies and reviews for this medicine's active substance
Showing the 50 most relevant studies.
Reviews & meta-analyses: 21 · Randomised trials: 3 · 2007–2026
Showing the 50 most relevant studies, sorted by most relevant.
I. Sharawat, P. Panda, Pragnya Panda, et al.
Seizure, 2021
Zhenghao Xu, Huawei Zhao, Zhong Chen
Epilepsy research, 2016
P. Mazin, I. V. Sheshunov, Yu.V. Kislitsyn, et al.
Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, 2016
Y. Ohtsuka, H. Yoshinaga, Y. Shirasaka, et al.
Epilepsy research, 2016
Alberto Verrotti, Giulia Loiacono, Enzo Ballone, et al.
Pediatric Neurology, 2011
Y. Ohtsuka, H. Yoshinaga, Y. Shirasaka, et al.
Epilepsy research, 2014
R. Sankar, M. Chez, J. Pina-Garza, et al.
Seizure, 2023
- Lennox Gastaut Syndrome
- Triazoles
- Anticonvulsants
Giovanni Coppola
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2011
Giangennaro CoppolaClinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Medical School, University of Salerno, ItalyAbstract: Rufinamide is an orally active, structurally novel compound (1-[(2,6-difluorophenil1)methyl1]-1 hydro 1,2,3-triazole-4 carboxamide), which is structurally distinct from other anticonvulsant drugs. It was granted orphan drug status for the adjunctive treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) in the United States in 2004, and released for use in Europe in 2007. In January 2009, rufinamide was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for treatment of LGS in children 4 years of age and older. It is also approved for adjunctive treatment for partial seizures in adults and adolescents. Rufinamide's efficacy mainly against atonic/tonic seizures in patients with LGS seems nowadays indubitable and has been confirmed both in randomized controlled trial and in open label extension studies. More recently, rufinamide was evaluated for the adjunctive treatment of childhood-onset epileptic encephalopathies and epileptic syndromes other than LGS, including epileptic spasms, multifocal epileptic encephalopathy with spasm/tonic seizures, myoclonic-astatic epilepsy, Dravet syndrome and malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy. This review updates the existing literature data on the efficacy and safety/tolerability of rufinamide in childhood-onset epilepsy syndromes.Keywords: rufinamide, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, epileptic encephalopathy, myoclonic-astatic syndrome, Dravet syndrome, malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy, refractory childhood epilepsy
Abstract licence: CC BY-NC 3.0
R. Padmaja, K. Chanda
Organic Process Research & Development, 2018
Sources: aggregated from Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI), OpenAlex, Crossref, PubMed and other open scholarly databases. Retracted articles are excluded. Study information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
1 found
Half-life
6-10 hours
Mechanism
Rufinamide is a triazole derivative antiepileptic that prolongs the inactive sta…
Food interactions
1 warning
Human targets
2 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
85%
Half-life
6-10 hours
Protein binding
26.3%
Volume of distribution
50 L
Metabolism
Elimination
91%
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Showing 50 of 949 interactions
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Bioavailability= 70%-85% (decreases with increasing doses);
Tmax, fed and fasted states= 4-6 hours;
Cmax, 10 mg/kg/day= 4.01 µL/mL;
Cmax, 30mg/kg/day= 8.68 µL/mL;
AUC (0h-12h), 10mg/kg/day= 37.8±47 µg·h/mL;
AUC (0h-12h), 30mg/kg/day= 89.3±59 µg·h/mL.
Volume of distribution is similar between adults and children and is non-linear.
The cytochrome P450 enzyme system or glutathiones are not involved with the metabolism of rufinamide. Rufinamide is a weak inhibitor of CYP 2E1. Rufinamide is a weak inducer of CYP 3A4 enzymes.
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
The influx of Na(+) ions provokes membrane depolarization, initiating the propagation of electrical signals throughout cells and tissues .
PMID:15385606 PMID:16988069 PMID:17145499 PMID:17167479 PMID:19369487 PMID:24311784 PMID:25240195 PMID:26680203 PMID:7720699
Nav1.7 plays a crucial role in controlling the excitability and action potential propagation from nociceptor neurons, thereby contributing to the sensory perception of pain PMID:17145499 PMID:17167479 PMID:19369487 PMID:24311784
Plays an important role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and the modulation of the neural network activity
Enzymes involved in drug metabolism — important for understanding drug interactions
Proteins that carry this drug through the body
PMID:19021548
Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity).
Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity).
Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli .
PMID:6234017
Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin PMID:6234017
ATC N03AF03
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
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Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Rufinamide
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
20811
ChemSpider
114471
ZINC
ZINC000000007782
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10597
GenAtlas
SCN9A
GeneCards
SCN9A
GenBank Gene Database
X82835
GenBank Protein Database
758110
Guide to Pharmacology
584
UniProt Accession
SCN9A_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4597
GenAtlas
GRM5
GeneCards
GRM5
GenBank Gene Database
D28538
GenBank Protein Database
1408052
Guide to Pharmacology
293
UniProt Accession
GRM5_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1863
GenAtlas
CES1
GeneCards
CES1
GenBank Gene Database
M73499
Guide to Pharmacology
2592
UniProt Accession
EST1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2631
GeneCards
CYP2E1
GenBank Gene Database
J02625
GenBank Protein Database
181360
Guide to Pharmacology
1330
UniProt Accession
CP2E1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2637
GenAtlas
CYP3A4
GeneCards
CYP3A4
GenBank Gene Database
M18907
Guide to Pharmacology
1337
UniProt Accession
CP3A4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:399
GenAtlas
ALB
GeneCards
ALB
GenBank Gene Database
V00494
GenBank Protein Database
28590
UniProt Accession
ALBU_HUMAN
DrugBank citations
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Structured knowledge from the free knowledge base
ATC classifications (Wikidata)
Linked open data from Wikidata (Q408565), a free and open knowledge base operated by the Wikimedia Foundation. Data is available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication. WHO INN from the World Health Organization.