Rotigotine 4mg/24hours transdermal patches
Requires a prescription from a doctor or prescriber
Rotigotine (Neupro) is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist indicated for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) in Europe and the United States.
Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
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Official medicine documents
Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
The MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of suspected side effects from healthcare professionals and patients. View the Drug Analysis Profile (iDAP) for real-world adverse reaction data.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Rotigotine
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Report a side effect
Submit a Yellow Card report to the MHRA
Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) collects suspected adverse reaction reports from across the EU/EEA through the EudraVigilance system. Search for safety data on this medicine.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Rotigotine
About EudraVigilance
Learn about EU pharmacovigilance and safety monitoring
EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
11 branded products available
MHRA licensed products
View all licensed products for Rotigotine on the MHRA register
Neupro 4mg/24hours transdermal patches
Neupro 4mg/24hours transdermal patches
Neupro 4mg/24hours transdermal patches
Neupro 4mg/24hours transdermal patches
Neupro 4mg/24hours transdermal patches
Rotigotine 4mg/24hours transdermal patches
Rotigotine 4mg/24hours transdermal patches
This is the NHS Drug Tariff indicative price used for reimbursement purposes. It may not reflect the price paid by patients or pharmacies.
View full Drug TariffSource: NHS Drug Tariff via NHSBSA. Derived from dm+d VMPP (Virtual Medicinal Product Pack) pricing data. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
WHO defined daily dose (DDD)
6 mg
Not a recommended dose. The DDD is the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults. It is a statistical measure used for research and comparison purposes only.
Source: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, distributed via the NHS dm+d supplementary BNF/ATC mapping files (NHSBSA). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Therapeutically similar medicines
Similarity is based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and on a factual NHS dm+d therapeutic-grouping code prefix. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
Guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
NICE clinical guidance(3)
Restless legs syndrome: Oxycodone/naloxone prolonged release (ESNM67)
Parkinson's disease in adults (NG71)
Devices for remote monitoring of Parkinson's disease (HTG657)
Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
Pharmacy stock checkers
Search for this medicine at major UK pharmacy chains. These links open the retailer's own website — results depend on their current online catalogue.
Supply & safety information
Official UK regulator monitoring and safety alerts
Pharmacy links redirect to the retailer's own search and do not represent real-time stock levels. Shortage and safety information sourced from MHRA drug safety updates (gov.uk, Crown Copyright under OGL v3.0).
Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
Browse tools
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF code shown is the factual mapping value distributed by NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA) in the dm+d supplementary file under OGL v3.0; it is not affiliated with, nor licensed from, the publishers of the British National Formulary. ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Academic studies and reviews for this medicine's active substance
Showing the 50 most relevant studies.
Reviews & meta-analyses: 19 · Randomised trials: 16 · 2003–2025
Showing the 50 most relevant studies, sorted by most relevant.
Werner Poewe, Olivier Rascol, Niall Quinn, et al.
The Lancet Neurology, 2007
- Pramipexole
- Administration, Cutaneous
- Antiparkinson Agents
R.L. Watts, Joseph Jankovic, Cheryl Waters, et al.
Neurology, 2007
- Administration, Cutaneous
- Parkinson Disease
- Tetrahydronaphthalenes
Claudia Trenkwalder, Heike Beneš, Werner Poewe, et al.
The Lancet Neurology, 2008
- Administration, Cutaneous
- Analysis of Variance
- Restless Legs Syndrome
Angelo Antonini, К. Ray Chaudhuri, Babak Boroojerdi, et al.
European Journal of Neurology, 2016
- Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders
- Parkinson Disease
- Tetrahydronaphthalenes
Avanthika Rajendran, A. Reddy, Karol W. Bisaga, et al.
Cureus, 2023
Imran H. Iftikhar, Lana Alghothani, Lynn Marie Trotti
European Journal of Neurology, 2017
- Pregabalin
- Gabapentin
- Network Meta-Analysis
Hao-tian Wang, Li Wang, Yi He, et al.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2018
- Mental Disorders
- Parkinson Disease
- Psychotropic Drugs
Junqiang Yan, Hongxia Ma, Anran Liu, et al.
Frontiers in Neurology, 2021
Wayne A. Hening, Richard P. Allen, William G. Ondo, et al.
Movement Disorders, 2010
- Restless Legs Syndrome
- Tetrahydronaphthalenes
- Thiophenes
Wolfgang H. Oertel, Heike Beneš, Diego García‐Borreguero, et al.
Sleep Medicine, 2007
- Administration, Cutaneous
- Europe
- Restless Legs Syndrome
Sources: aggregated from Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI), OpenAlex, Crossref, PubMed and other open scholarly databases. Retracted articles are excluded. Study information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
39 found
Half-life
5 to 7 hours
Mechanism
Rotigotine, a member of the dopamine agonist class of drugs, is delivered contin…
Food interactions
None known
Human targets
7 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
1%
Tmax, 8 mg dose = 15 - 18 hours (it take approximately 3 hours until rotigotine reaches detectable levels in the plasma).
The peak concentration cannot be observered. Steady state is reached in 2-3 days.
Half-life
5 to 7 hours
Protein binding
92%
Volume of distribution
84 L/kg
Metabolism
Elimination
71%
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Like other dopamine agonists, rotigotine has been shown to possess antidepressant effects and may be useful in the treatment of depression as well.
Rotigotine was developed by Aderis Pharmaceuticals. In 1998 Aderis licensed worldwide development and commercialization rights to Schwarz Pharma of Germany. It was approved by the European Medicines Agency in 2006 and by the FDA in 2007. However, all Neupro patches in the United States and some of Europe were recalled in 2008 due to delivery mechanism issues. Rotigotine has been authorized as a treatment for RLS since August 2008.
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Showing 50 of 1367 interactions
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Tmax, 8 mg dose = 15 - 18 hours (it take approximately 3 hours until rotigotine reaches detectable levels in the plasma).
The peak concentration cannot be observered. Steady state is reached in 2-3 days.
Multiple CYP isoenzymes, sulfotransferases and two UDP-glucuronosyltransferases catalyze the metabolism of rotigotine.
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
PMID:16423344 PMID:27659709 PMID:29051383 PMID:9003072
Agonist binding triggers signaling via G proteins that inhibit adenylyl cyclase .
PMID:16423344 PMID:27659709 PMID:29051383 PMID:7512953 PMID:7643093
Modulates the circadian rhythm of contrast sensitivity by regulating the rhythmic expression of NPAS2 in the retinal ganglion cells (By similarity)
PMID:21645528
Positively regulates postnatal regression of retinal hyaloid vessels via suppression of VEGFR2/KDR activity, downstream of OPN5 (By similarity)
Enzymes involved in drug metabolism — important for understanding drug interactions
ATC N04BC09
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
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Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Rotigotine
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
12548
ChemSpider
53406
BindingDB
50123626
PDB
R5F
Guide to Pharmacology
941
ZINC
ZINC000000004028
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:3024
GenAtlas
DRD3
GeneCards
DRD3
GenBank Gene Database
U32499
GenBank Protein Database
927342
Guide to Pharmacology
216
UniProt Accession
DRD3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:3025
GenAtlas
DRD4
GeneCards
DRD4
GenBank Gene Database
L12398
GenBank Protein Database
291946
Guide to Pharmacology
217
UniProt Accession
DRD4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:3023
GenAtlas
DRD2
GeneCards
DRD2
GenBank Gene Database
M30625
GenBank Protein Database
181432
Guide to Pharmacology
215
UniProt Accession
DRD2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:3026
GenAtlas
DRD5
GeneCards
DRD5
GenBank Gene Database
X58454
GenBank Protein Database
32049
Guide to Pharmacology
218
UniProt Accession
DRD5_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:3020
GenAtlas
DRD1
GeneCards
DRD1
GenBank Gene Database
X55760
GenBank Protein Database
30397
Guide to Pharmacology
214
UniProt Accession
DRD1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:5286
GenAtlas
HTR1A
GeneCards
HTR1A
GenBank Gene Database
M28269
GenBank Protein Database
189928
Guide to Pharmacology
1
UniProt Accession
5HT1A_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:282
GenAtlas
ADRA2B
GeneCards
ADRA2B
GenBank Gene Database
M34041
GenBank Protein Database
178198
Guide to Pharmacology
26
UniProt Accession
ADA2B_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2637
GenAtlas
CYP3A4
GeneCards
CYP3A4
GenBank Gene Database
M18907
Guide to Pharmacology
1337
UniProt Accession
CP3A4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2625
GenAtlas
CYP2D6
GeneCards
CYP2D6
GenBank Gene Database
M20403
GenBank Protein Database
181350
Guide to Pharmacology
1329
UniProt Accession
CP2D6_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2621
GeneCards
CYP2C19
GenBank Gene Database
M61854
GenBank Protein Database
181344
Guide to Pharmacology
1328
UniProt Accession
CP2CJ_HUMAN
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications:
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Structured knowledge from the free knowledge base
ATC classifications (Wikidata)
Linked open data from Wikidata (Q411985), a free and open knowledge base operated by the Wikimedia Foundation. Data is available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication.