Riboflavin 40mg capsules
Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables.
Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
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Official medicine documents
Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
The MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of suspected side effects from healthcare professionals and patients. View the Drug Analysis Profile (iDAP) for real-world adverse reaction data.
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Submit a Yellow Card report to the MHRA
Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) collects suspected adverse reaction reports from across the EU/EEA through the EudraVigilance system. Search for safety data on this medicine.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Riboflavin
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EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
1 branded products available
Therapeutically similar medicines
Similarity is based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and on a factual NHS dm+d therapeutic-grouping code prefix. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
Guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
NICE clinical guidance(4)
Photochemical corneal collagen cross‑linkage using riboflavin and ultraviolet A for keratoconus and keratectasia (HTG319)
Corneal implants for keratoconus (HTG146)
Jaundice in newborn babies under 28 days (CG98)
Headaches in over 12s: diagnosis and management (CG150)
Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
Pharmacy stock checkers
Search for this medicine at major UK pharmacy chains. These links open the retailer's own website — results depend on their current online catalogue.
Supply & safety information
Official UK regulator monitoring and safety alerts
Pharmacy links redirect to the retailer's own search and do not represent real-time stock levels. Shortage and safety information sourced from MHRA drug safety updates (gov.uk, Crown Copyright under OGL v3.0).
Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
Browse tools
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF code shown is the factual mapping value distributed by NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA) in the dm+d supplementary file under OGL v3.0; it is not affiliated with, nor licensed from, the publishers of the British National Formulary. ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Academic studies and reviews for this medicine's active substance
Showing the 50 most relevant studies.
Reviews & meta-analyses: 23 · Randomised trials: 4 · 1939–2026
Showing the 50 most relevant studies, sorted by most relevant.
J Schoenen, J Jacquy, M. Lenaerts
Neurology, 1998
- Migraine Disorders
- Placebos
- Riboflavin
Dennis F. Thompson, H. Saluja
Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 2017
Morris Maizels, Andrew Blumenfeld, Raoul J. Burchette
Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 2004
- Phytotherapy
- Tanacetum parthenium
- Drug Combinations
Nittiya Suwannasom, Ijad Kao, Axel Prüß, et al.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020
- Drug Interactions
- Riboflavin
- Vitamin B Complex
Kiran Thakur, S. K. Tomar, Ashish Kumar Singh, et al.
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2016
- Diet
- Health Status
- Chronic Disease
Liudmila Averianova, Larissa Balabanova, Oksana Son, et al.
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2020
Signe Mosegaard, Graziana Dipace, Peter Bross, et al.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020
- Mutation
- Aging
- Diet
Maria Barile, Teresa Anna Giancaspero, Piero Leone, et al.
Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 2016
- Biological Transport
- Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide
- Nucleotidyltransferases
Susanne Katharina Schwechheimer, Enoch Y. Park, José Luis Revuelta, et al.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2016
- Bacillus subtilis
- Biotechnology
- Riboflavin
Amini S, Heidari Z, Clark CCT, et al.
2026
Sources: aggregated from Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI), OpenAlex, Crossref, PubMed and other open scholarly databases. Retracted articles are excluded. Study information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
None known
Half-life
66-84 minutes
Mechanism
Binds to riboflavin hydrogenase, riboflavin kinase, and riboflavin synthase.
Food interactions
None known
Human targets
3 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
Half-life
66-84 minutes
Protein binding
60%
Metabolism
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Showing 41 of 41 interactions
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
TNF-activation of RFK may enhance the incorporation of FAD in NADPH oxidase, a critical step for the assembly and activation of NADPH oxidase
PMID:10620517 PMID:18241201 PMID:27207795 PMID:38056462 PMID:7929092
Promotes fetal heme degradation during development .
PMID:10858451 PMID:18241201 PMID:7929092
Also expressed in adult tissues, where it acts as a regulator of hematopoiesis, intermediary metabolism (glutaminolysis, glycolysis, TCA cycle and pentose phosphate pathway) and insulin signaling .
PMID:27207795 PMID:29500232 PMID:38056462
Has a broad specificity oxidoreductase activity by catalyzing the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of a variety of flavins, such as riboflavin, FAD or FMN, biliverdins, methemoglobin and PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone) .
PMID:10620517 PMID:18241201 PMID:7929092
Contributes to fetal heme catabolism by catalyzing reduction of biliverdin IXbeta into bilirubin IXbeta in the liver .
PMID:10858451 PMID:18241201 PMID:7929092
Biliverdin IXbeta, which constitutes the major heme catabolite in the fetus is not present in adult .
PMID:10858451 PMID:18241201 PMID:7929092
Does not reduce bilirubin IXalpha .
PMID:10858451 PMID:18241201 PMID:7929092
Can also reduce the complexed Fe(3+) iron to Fe(2+) in the presence of FMN and NADPH .
PMID:10620517
Acts as a protein nitrosyltransferase by catalyzing nitrosylation of cysteine residues of target proteins, such as HMOX2, INSR and IRS1 .
PMID:38056462
S-nitroso-CoA-dependent nitrosyltransferase activity is mediated via a 'ping-pong' mechanism: BLVRB first associates with both S-nitroso-CoA and protein substrate, nitric oxide group is then transferred from S-nitroso-CoA to Cys-109 and Cys-188 residues of BLVRB and from S-nitroso-BLVRB to the protein substrate .
PMID:38056462
Inhibits insulin signaling by mediating nitrosylation of INSR and IRS1, leading to their inhibition PMID:38056462
PMID:9922160
Mediates the proteolytic cleavage of alpha-1-microglobulin to form t-alpha-1-microglobulin, which potently inhibits oxidation of low-density lipoprotein particles and limits vascular damage PMID:25698971
Enzymes involved in drug metabolism — important for understanding drug interactions
Proteins that transport this drug across cell membranes
PMID:11669456 PMID:11907186 PMID:14675047 PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370 PMID:28534121 PMID:9950961
Mediates the uptake of OA across the basolateral side of proximal tubule epithelial cells, thereby contributing to the renal elimination of endogenous OA from the systemic circulation into the urine .
PMID:9887087
Functions as a biopterin transporters involved in the uptake and the secretion of coenzymes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and sepiapterin to urine, thereby determining baseline levels of blood biopterins .
PMID:28534121
Transports prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) and may contribute to their renal excretion .
PMID:11907186
Also mediates the uptake of cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP and cGMP .
PMID:26377792
Involved in the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites kynurenate (KYNA) and xanthurenate (XA) and may contribute to their secretion from the brain .
PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370
May transport glutamate .
PMID:26377792
Also involved in the disposition of uremic toxins and potentially toxic xenobiotics by the renal organic anion secretory pathway, helping reduce their undesired toxicological effects on the body .
PMID:11669456 PMID:14675047
Uremic toxins include the indoxyl sulfate (IS), hippurate/N-benzoylglycine (HA), indole acetate (IA), 3-carboxy-4- methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF) and urate .
PMID:14675047 PMID:26377792
Xenobiotics include the mycotoxin ochratoxin (OTA) .
PMID:11669456
May also contribute to the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier PMID:35307651
ATC A11HA04
ATC S01XA26
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
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Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Riboflavin
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
11171
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
5021
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
5015
ChemSpider
431981
BindingDB
50362895
PDB
RBF
ZINC
ZINC000002036848
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:30324
GenAtlas
RFK
GeneCards
RFK
GenBank Gene Database
AK002011
GenBank Protein Database
7023634
UniProt Accession
RIFK_HUMAN
GenBank Gene Database
X69109
UniProt Accession
RISA_ECOLI
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1063
GenAtlas
BLVRB
GeneCards
BLVRB
GenBank Gene Database
D26308
GenBank Protein Database
1384068
UniProt Accession
BLVRB_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:7218
GenAtlas
MPO
GeneCards
MPO
GenBank Gene Database
J02694
GenBank Protein Database
189040
Guide to Pharmacology
2789
UniProt Accession
PERM_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6833
GenAtlas
MAOA
GeneCards
MAOA
GenBank Gene Database
M68840
GenBank Protein Database
187353
Guide to Pharmacology
2489
UniProt Accession
AOFA_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:7436
GenAtlas
MTHFR
GeneCards
MTHFR
GenBank Gene Database
U09806
GenBank Protein Database
6139053
UniProt Accession
MTHR_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10970
GenAtlas
hROAT1
GeneCards
SLC22A6
GenBank Gene Database
AF057039
GenBank Protein Database
3831566
Guide to Pharmacology
1025
UniProt Accession
S22A6_HUMAN
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications:
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Structured knowledge from the free knowledge base
Linked open data from Wikidata (Q130365), a free and open knowledge base operated by the Wikimedia Foundation. Data is available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication. WHO INN from the World Health Organization.