Pine mistletoe 100micrograms/1ml with Mercuric sulfate solution for injection ampoules

Abstract Mistletoes and other parasitic plants pose serious problems for forests because of the impacts on their host trees. This emphasizes the importance of understandingthese relationships in the light of changing environmental conditions and forest management. This study investigates the effects of pine mistletoe (Viscum album subsp. austriacum Wiesb.) on the physiological traits and plant nutrients of Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe). Fifteen uninfected (control) [thin class control (TC) and medium class control (MC)], and fifteen moderately infected [thin class infected (TI) and medium class infected (MI)] Anatolian black pine trees were sampled from both thin and medium diameter classes. The study revealed that mistletoe-infected trees exhibited significant reductions in chlorophyll content and mineral nutrients, alongside increases in proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), particularly in the medium-diameter class. These findings suggest that mistletoe infection caused a notable decline in photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient absorption, affecting plant health. The principal component analysis showed a clear distinction between infected and uninfected trees, further confirming the detrimental impact of pine mistletoe infection on Anatolian black pine.

Abstract licence: CC BY 4.0

Abstract Synthetic chemicals with high environmental persistence, including anionic surfactants and heavy metals, pose significant risks to freshwater ecosystems. This study evaluated the sublethal toxicity of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) on the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina , a widely used ecotoxicological model. Median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) were determined over 96 hours, revealing a time- and dose-dependent toxicity, with SDS (LC 50  = 45.27 µg/L) exhibiting higher acute toxicity than HgCl₂ (LC 50  = 229.16 µg/L). Sublethal concentrations (5, 10, 25 µg/L) were used to assess locomotor behavior, reproduction, regeneration, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Both SDS and HgCl₂ impaired locomotion in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with partial recovery after prolonged exposure, indicating potential neurophysiological compensation. Reproductive performance was severely affected, with reduced fecundity and fertility, prolonged cocoon hatching times, and complete inhibition of viable cocoons at higher concentrations. Regeneration assays revealed that SDS delayed head and eye regeneration primarily after day 3, whereas HgCl₂ induced rapid and sustained inhibition from day 2 onward. AChE activity exhibited compound-specific alterations: HgCl₂ induced a biphasic response (initial stimulation followed by suppression), whereas SDS caused sustained activation. These multifaceted effects indicate disruption of neurochemical balance, reproductive physiology, and stem cell-mediated regeneration. Collectively, the findings highlight the ecological risks of SDS and HgCl₂, emphasizing the sensitivity of planarians as sentinel species for detecting sublethal toxicological effects in freshwater environments. This study underscores the importance of evaluating behavioral, reproductive, regenerative, and biochemical endpoints to support comprehensive environmental risk assessments and inform regulatory policies on emerging pollutants.

Abstract licence: CC BY 4.0