Perampanel 12mg tablets
Requires a prescription from a doctor or prescriber
Perampanel is a noncompetitive AMPA glutamate receptor antagonist.
Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
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Official medicine documents
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Drug safety updates
MHRA alerts for Perampanel
Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
The MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of suspected side effects from healthcare professionals and patients. View the Drug Analysis Profile (iDAP) for real-world adverse reaction data.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Perampanel
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Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Perampanel
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EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
4 branded products available
MHRA licensed products
View all licensed products for Perampanel on the MHRA register
Fycompa 12mg tablets
Fycompa 12mg tablets
Perampanel 12mg tablets
This is the NHS Drug Tariff indicative price used for reimbursement purposes. It may not reflect the price paid by patients or pharmacies.
View full Drug TariffSource: NHS Drug Tariff via NHSBSA. Derived from dm+d VMPP (Virtual Medicinal Product Pack) pricing data. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
WHO defined daily dose (DDD)
8 mg
Not a recommended dose. The DDD is the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults. It is a statistical measure used for research and comparison purposes only.
Source: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, distributed via the NHS dm+d supplementary mapping files (NHSBSA). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Therapeutically similar medicines
Similarity is based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and on a factual NHS dm+d therapeutic-grouping code prefix. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
Guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
NICE clinical guidance(2)
Cenobamate for treating focal onset seizures in epilepsy (TA753)
Epilepsies in children, young people and adults (NG217)
Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
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Supply & safety information
Official UK regulator monitoring and safety alerts
Pharmacy links redirect to the retailer's own search and do not represent real-time stock levels. Shortage and safety information sourced from MHRA drug safety updates (gov.uk, Crown Copyright under OGL v3.0).
Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
Browse tools
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Academic studies and reviews for this medicine's active substance
Showing the 50 most relevant studies.
Reviews & meta-analyses: 33 · Randomised trials: 7 · 2011–2026
Showing the 50 most relevant studies, sorted by most relevant.
Philip Fan, C. Zhuo, M. Huang
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2023
Kumar D, Sabet H, Elshahat A, et al.
2025
- Nitriles
- Pyridones
- Anticonvulsants
Du R, Cai T, Liao P, et al.
2026
- Epilepsies, Partial
- Seizures
- Nitriles
Rabelo AA, Oliveira JFCE, Nunes YS, et al.
2026
- Pyridones
- Anticonvulsants
- Lennox Gastaut Syndrome
BackgroundLennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is characterized by multiple types of drug-resistant seizures that usually begin during early childhood and typically include tonic seizures with elevated risks of severe injuries, and are commonly associated with cognitive and behavioral impairments. Perampanel blocks glutamate activity at postsynaptic AMPA receptors and has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy to disrupt the underlying excitatory mechanisms of this syndrome.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of perampanel in patients with LGS.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following Cochrane guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational studies. Pooled analyses used single-proportion meta-analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsFourteen studies comprising 330 patients were included. The pooled ≥50% responder rate was 46.5% (95% CI 34-59.2), ≥75% responder rate 21.7% (8.2-38.4), seizure freedom 4.9% (0-15.2), and seizure aggravation 4.4% (0-13). Reported adverse events included somnolence (14.0%), irritability (12%), aggression (10.8%), dizziness (5.2%), agitation (3.9%), and psychiatric symptoms (15.1%). Heterogeneity was substantial.ConclusionPerampanel demonstrates clinically meaningful seizure reduction in LGS with modest seizure-freedom and a behaviorally skewed safety profile. Despite heterogeneity and mostly retrospective data, findings support adjunctive use and highlight the need for larger, high-quality RCTs.
Abstract licence: CC BY
Manalo RVM, Dela Cruz JRC, Pasco PM
2025
Da Silva AMP, Gonçalves OR, Tudella GCN, et al.
2026
- Brain Neoplasms
- Epilepsy
- Nitriles
Raybarman C
2026
Chun-Hui Zhang, E. Stone, M. Deshmukh, et al.
ACS Central Science, 2021
D. Vossler, B. Porter, Ryutaro Kira, et al.
Epilepsia, 2024
Weiran Zhang, Liu Liu, Lu Xu, et al.
World Journal of Pediatrics, 2023
Sources: aggregated from Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI), OpenAlex, Crossref, PubMed and other open scholarly databases. Retracted articles are excluded. Study information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
1 found
Half-life
105 hours
Mechanism
The exact mechanism of action of perampanel in seizures is not yet determined, b…
Food interactions
1 warning
Human targets
4 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
Half-life
105 hours
Protein binding
95-96%
Volume of distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
48%
Clearance
12 mL/min
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
[L40913]
Known interactions with other medicines. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Showing 50 of 1342 interactions
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
PMID:1311100 PMID:20805473 PMID:21172611 PMID:28628100 PMID:35675825
L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse upon entry of monovalent and divalent cations such as sodium and calcium. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters in a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist (By similarity).
In the presence of CACNG2 or CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of L-glutamate .
PMID:21172611
Resensitization is blocked by CNIH2 through interaction with CACNG8 in the CACNG8-containing AMPA receptors complex .
PMID:21172611
Calcium (Ca(2+)) permeability depends on subunits composition and, heteromeric channels containing edited GRIA2 subunit are calcium-impermeable. Also permeable to other divalents cations such as strontium(2+) and magnesium(2+) and monovalent cations such as potassium(1+) and lithium(1+) (By similarity)
The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist (By similarity). In the presence of CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of L-glutamate PMID:21172611
PMID:17989220
The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist .
PMID:17989220
In the presence of CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate PMID:21172611
PMID:20614889 PMID:31300657 PMID:8003671
L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system and plays an important role in fast excitatory synaptic transmission .
PMID:14687553
Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse upon entry of monovalent and divalent cations such as sodium and calcium .
PMID:20614889 PMID:8003671
The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters in a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist (By similarity). In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of L-glutamate (By similarity). Through complex formation with NSG1, GRIP1 and STX12 controls the intracellular fate of AMPAR and the endosomal sorting of the GRIA2 subunit toward recycling and membrane targeting (By similarity)
Enzymes involved in drug metabolism — important for understanding drug interactions
ATC N03AX22
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
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Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Perampanel
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
22049
ChemSpider
8100130
BindingDB
50184410
PDB
6ZP
ZINC
ZINC000030691797
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4571
GenAtlas
GRIA1
GeneCards
GRIA1
GenBank Gene Database
M64752
GenBank Protein Database
183281
Guide to Pharmacology
444
UniProt Accession
GRIA1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4574
GenAtlas
GRIA4
GeneCards
GRIA4
GenBank Gene Database
U16129
GenBank Protein Database
790538
Guide to Pharmacology
447
UniProt Accession
GRIA4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4573
GenAtlas
GRIA3
GeneCards
GRIA3
GenBank Gene Database
U10302
GenBank Protein Database
507829
Guide to Pharmacology
446
UniProt Accession
GRIA3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4572
GenAtlas
GRIA2
GeneCards
GRIA2
GenBank Gene Database
L20814
GenBank Protein Database
493134
Guide to Pharmacology
445
UniProt Accession
GRIA2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2637
GenAtlas
CYP3A4
GeneCards
CYP3A4
GenBank Gene Database
M18907
Guide to Pharmacology
1337
UniProt Accession
CP3A4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2638
GenAtlas
CYP3A5
GeneCards
CYP3A5
GenBank Gene Database
J04813
GenBank Protein Database
181346
Guide to Pharmacology
1338
UniProt Accession
CP3A5_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2596
GenAtlas
CYP1A2
GeneCards
CYP1A2
GenBank Gene Database
Z00036
Guide to Pharmacology
1319
UniProt Accession
CP1A2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2615
GeneCards
CYP2B6
GenBank Gene Database
M29874
GenBank Protein Database
181296
Guide to Pharmacology
1324
UniProt Accession
CP2B6_HUMAN
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite:
- DrugBank 6.02024Recommended citationKnox C., Wilson M., Klinger C.M., et alDrugBank 6.0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 552(D1):D1265-D1275
- DrugBank 5.02018Wishart D.S., Feunang Y.D., Guo A.C., et alDrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Nov 846(D1):D1074-D1082
- DrugBank 4.02014Law V., Knox C., Djoumbou Y., et alDrugBank 4.0: shedding new light on drug metabolismNucleic Acids Res. 2014 Jan 142(1):D1091-7
- DrugBank 3.02011Knox C., Law V., Jewison T., et alDrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugsNucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan39(Database issue):D1035-41
- DrugBank 2.02008Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et alDrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets.Nucleic Acids Research2008 Jan36(Database issue):D901-6
- DrugBank 1.02006Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et alDrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration.Nucleic Acids Research2006 Jan 134(Database issue):D668-72