Oak mistletoe 10mg/1ml with Mercuric sulfate solution for injection ampoules

The paper presents the distribution of localities of seven tree taxa, identified as new hosts of mistletoe in Poland, in the city of Toruń. Particular attention was paid to the description of a site with mistletoe on an oak identified as Quercus x rosacea. The reason for this is that native oaks are rare hosts of mistletoe in Central and Eastern Europe and this is the first finding of such a host–parasite association in Poland. The occurrence of all eight host species at 14 sites was compared with the distribution and description of localities and morphological characteristics of both host–mistletoe association components presented in the botanical, ecological and forestry literature.

Abstract licence: CC BY-ND 4.0

Abstract Synthetic chemicals with high environmental persistence, including anionic surfactants and heavy metals, pose significant risks to freshwater ecosystems. This study evaluated the sublethal toxicity of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) on the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina , a widely used ecotoxicological model. Median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) were determined over 96 hours, revealing a time- and dose-dependent toxicity, with SDS (LC 50  = 45.27 µg/L) exhibiting higher acute toxicity than HgCl₂ (LC 50  = 229.16 µg/L). Sublethal concentrations (5, 10, 25 µg/L) were used to assess locomotor behavior, reproduction, regeneration, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Both SDS and HgCl₂ impaired locomotion in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with partial recovery after prolonged exposure, indicating potential neurophysiological compensation. Reproductive performance was severely affected, with reduced fecundity and fertility, prolonged cocoon hatching times, and complete inhibition of viable cocoons at higher concentrations. Regeneration assays revealed that SDS delayed head and eye regeneration primarily after day 3, whereas HgCl₂ induced rapid and sustained inhibition from day 2 onward. AChE activity exhibited compound-specific alterations: HgCl₂ induced a biphasic response (initial stimulation followed by suppression), whereas SDS caused sustained activation. These multifaceted effects indicate disruption of neurochemical balance, reproductive physiology, and stem cell-mediated regeneration. Collectively, the findings highlight the ecological risks of SDS and HgCl₂, emphasizing the sensitivity of planarians as sentinel species for detecting sublethal toxicological effects in freshwater environments. This study underscores the importance of evaluating behavioral, reproductive, regenerative, and biochemical endpoints to support comprehensive environmental risk assessments and inform regulatory policies on emerging pollutants.

Abstract licence: CC BY 4.0