Moxonidine 300microgram tablets
Requires a prescription from a doctor or prescriber
Moxonidine is a new-generation centrally acting antihypertensive drug approved for the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Safety information for pregnancy and breastfeeding
Pregnancy
* Pregnancy Category B3:Avoid use during pregnancy (inadequate data in pregnant woman) and lactation (maternal blood stream transfer to breast milk shown) unless benefit clearly justifies risk.
Breastfeeding
* Pregnancy Category B3:Avoid use during pregnancy (inadequate data in pregnant woman) and lactation (maternal blood stream transfer to breast milk shown) unless benefit clearly justifies risk.
Always consult your doctor or midwife before taking any medicine during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Source: DrugBank (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
Report a side effect
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Official medicine documents
Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
The MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of suspected side effects from healthcare professionals and patients. View the Drug Analysis Profile (iDAP) for real-world adverse reaction data.
View Drug Analysis Profile
Suspected adverse reactions reported for Moxonidine
Browse all iDAP reports
Interactive Drug Analysis Profiles for all medicines
Report a side effect
Submit a Yellow Card report to the MHRA
Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) collects suspected adverse reaction reports from across the EU/EEA through the EudraVigilance system. Search for safety data on this medicine.
View EudraVigilance report
Suspected adverse reactions reported for Moxonidine
About EudraVigilance
Learn about EU pharmacovigilance and safety monitoring
EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
24 branded products available
MHRA licensed products
View all licensed products for Moxonidine on the MHRA register
Physiotens 300microgram tablets
Moxonidine 300microgram tablets
Moxonidine 300microgram tablets
Moxonidine 300microgram tablets
Moxonidine 300microgram tablets
Moxonidine 300microgram tablets
Moxonidine 300microgram tablets
Moxonidine 300microgram tablets
Moxonidine 300microgram tablets
This is the NHS Drug Tariff indicative price used for reimbursement purposes. It may not reflect the price paid by patients or pharmacies.
View full Drug TariffSource: NHS Drug Tariff via NHSBSA. Derived from dm+d VMPP (Virtual Medicinal Product Pack) pricing data. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
WHO defined daily dose (DDD)
300 microgram
Not a recommended dose. The DDD is the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults. It is a statistical measure used for research and comparison purposes only.
Source: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, distributed via NHS dm+d BNF mapping files. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Therapeutically similar medicines
Similarity based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and NHS BNF section grouping. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
Clinical guidelines and formulary information
British National Formulary
Moxonidine
Source: British National Formulary, NICE. Joint Formulary Committee. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
Pharmacy stock checkers
Search for this medicine at major UK pharmacy chains. These links open the retailer's own website — results depend on their current online catalogue.
Supply & product information
Official product databases and supply status monitoring
Pharmacy links redirect to the retailer's own search and do not represent real-time stock levels. emc (electronic medicines compendium) is operated by Datapharm Ltd. Shortage information sourced from NHS Specialist Pharmacy Service (SPS), sps.nhs.uk.
Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
Browse tools
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF codes from NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA). ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
9 found
Half-life
2.2 - 2.3 hours
Mechanism
Stimulation of central alpha 2-adrenergic receptors is associated with sympathoa…
Food interactions
None known
Human targets
4 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
90%
Half-life
2.2 - 2.3 hours
Protein binding
10%
Volume of distribution
0.4L/kg
Metabolism
10-20%
Elimination
50 -75%
Clearance
50%
However, lower dosage adjustments and close monitoring is necessary in elderly and renal impairment patients due to reduced clearance.…
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
[L1025]
Effective as most first-line antihypertensives when used as monotherapy .
[A27137]
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Showing 50 of 773 interactions
* Used with caution in patients with history of severe coronary artery disease (CAD), unstable angina, angioneurotic edema. [FDA label]
* Pregnancy Category B3:Avoid use during pregnancy (inadequate data in pregnant woman) and lactation (maternal blood stream transfer to breast milk shown) unless benefit clearly justifies risk. [FDA label]
* Lack of specific therapeutic experience in cases of intermittent claudication, Raynaud's disease, Parkinson's disease, epileptic disorders, gluacoma, and depression suggest moxonidine should not be used in such instances [FDA Label].
* Carcinogenicity and genotoxicity does not appear significant. [FDA label]
* Concurrent administration of other hypotensives or sedative and hypnotics can enhance the hypotensive effect and intensify sedation respectively. [FDA label]
* Avoid concurrent Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) use to avoid reduction of monoxidine efficacy. [FDA label]
* Generally well tolerated with dry mouth and headache the most common adverse effects [FDA label]
* Symptoms of overdose correlate with pharmacodynamic properties:hypotension, sedation, orthostatic dysregulation, bradycardia, dry mouth with no specific counter-treatment known. [FDA label]
Moreover, since alpha-2-adrenergic receptors are considered the primary molecular target that facilitates the most common side effects of sedation and dry mouth that are elicited by most centrally acting antihypertensives, moxonidine differs from these other centrally acting antihypertensives by demonstrating only low affinity for central alpha-2-adrenoceptors compared to the aforementioned I1-imidazoline receptors [FDA Label].
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
The antihypertensive effects of these 4,5-dehydromoxonidine and guanidine metabolites are only 1/10 and 1/100 the effect of moxonidine [FDA Label].
Oxidation on either the methyl group (pyrimidine ring) or on the imidazole ring of moxonidine results in the formation of the hydroxylmethyl moxonidine metabolite or the hydroxy moxonidine metabolite .
[A31315]
The hydroxy moxonidine metabolite can be further oxidized to the dihydroxy metabolite or it can lose water to form the dehydrogenated moxonidine metabolite, which itself can be further oxidized to form an N-oxide .
[A31315]
Aside from these Phase I metabolites, Phase II metabolism of moxonidine is also evident with the presence of a cysteine conjugate metabolite minus chlorine .
[A31315]
Nevertheless, the identification of the hydroxy moxonidine metabolite with a high level of dehydrogenated moxonidine metabolite in human urine samples suggests that dehydrogenation from the hydroxy metabolite to the dehydrogenated moxonidine metabolite represents the primary metabolic pathway in humans .
[A31315]
The cytochromes P450 responsible for the metabolism of moxonidine in humans have not yet been determined .
[A31315]
Ultimately, the parent moxonidine compound was observed to be the most abundant component in different biological matrices of urinary excretion samples, verifying that metabolism only plays a modest role in the clearance of moxonidine in humans .
[A31315]
However, lower dosage adjustments and close monitoring is necessary in elderly and renal impairment patients due to reduced clearance. In particular, the exposure AUC can increase by about 50% following a single dose and at steady state in elderly patients and moderately impaired renal function with GFR between 30-60 mL/min can cause AUC increases by 85% and decreases in clearence to 52 %. [FDA label]
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
Blocking its activation with efaroxan abolished rilmenidine-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in RVLM neurons (By similarity). Acts as a modulator of Rac-regulated signal transduction pathways (By similarity). Suppresses Rac1-stimulated cell migration by interacting with PAK1 and inhibiting its kinase activity (By similarity).
Also blocks Pak-independent Rac signaling by interacting with RAC1 and inhibiting Rac1-stimulated NF-kB response element and cyclin D1 promoter activation (By similarity). Also inhibits LIMK1 kinase activity by reducing LIMK1 'Tyr-508' phosphorylation (By similarity). Inhibits Rac-induced cell migration and invasion in breast and colon epithelial cells (By similarity).
Inhibits lamellipodia formation, when overexpressed (By similarity). Plays a role in protection against apoptosis. Involved in association with IRS4 in the enhancement of insulin activation of MAPK1 and MAPK3.
When overexpressed, induces a redistribution of cell surface ITGA5 integrin to intracellular endosomal structures
ATC C02AC05
ATC C02LC05
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Show
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Moxonidine
Additional database identifiers
ChemSpider
4645
BindingDB
50050093
ZINC
ZINC000001854466
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:281
GenAtlas
ADRA2A
GeneCards
ADRA2A
GenBank Gene Database
M23533
GenBank Protein Database
178196
Guide to Pharmacology
25
UniProt Accession
ADA2A_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:18006
GeneCards
NISCH
GenBank Gene Database
AF082516
GenBank Protein Database
3462807
UniProt Accession
NISCH_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:282
GenAtlas
ADRA2B
GeneCards
ADRA2B
GenBank Gene Database
M34041
GenBank Protein Database
178198
Guide to Pharmacology
26
UniProt Accession
ADA2B_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:283
GenAtlas
ADRA2C
GeneCards
ADRA2C
GenBank Gene Database
J03853
GenBank Protein Database
178194
Guide to Pharmacology
27
UniProt Accession
ADA2C_HUMAN
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications: