Morphine (Opium tincture) 10mg/ml oral drops sugar free

BackgroundThe International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) monographs recently classified opium consumption as carcinogenic to humans in certain organs, raising concerns regarding the effects of pharmaceutical opioids. This systematic review (Open Science Framework osf.io/xyg9p) evaluated whether opioid exposure causes organ-specific modulation of malignant processes in cancer cell culture studies.MethodsWe identified all research articles evaluating tumour modulation by opioids in vitro through 28/02/2024. Data on the organ of origin of cancer cells, opioid activity, opioid exposure, and cancer outcomes (tumour cell growth, metastasis, clonogenicity) were extracted. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher's exact tests and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThe anti-cancer outcome was the most prevalent (57%) while only 11% of experiments reported pro-cancer outcomes. A total of 230 publications, comprising 1465 experiments, were included. Low opioid concentrations (p = 0.0005), short exposure durations (p = 0.0035), and organs where cancer risk increases with opium use (p = 0.002), were associated with reporting of pro-cancer effects for opioid agonists.ConclusionThe findings support a positive association between opioid exposure and growth of cancer cells from lung, bladder, larynx, pancreas, pharynx, stomach, or oesophagus and further reveal duration and concentration as critical factors in experiments evaluating the effects of opioids on cultured cancer cells.

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AimChronic opioid exposure (COE) is linked to adverse health outcomes, but its relationship with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarise published evidence on CVD risk associated with COE, including prescription opioids, opium use, and opioid use disorder (OUD).MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines and PROSPERO registration (CRD42024573206), we searched multiple databases for relevant human studies reporting associations between COE and CVD. Random-effects meta-analysis estimated pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression explored associations by COE type, CVD outcome, and potential moderators. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-E.ResultsSeventeen studies (1,676,000 participants) met inclusion criteria, with 13 studies contributing 22 effect sizes to meta-analysis. COE was associated with increased CVD risk (pooled OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.12-2.70), though substantial heterogeneity was observed. Cerebrovascular accidents (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.45-2.35) and ischaemic heart disease (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.40-1.63) showed the strongest associations. Opium use had a significant association with CVD, while findings for OUD and prescription opioids were less consistent. Meta-regression identified study design as a key moderator.ConclusionCOE is associated with increased risk of CVD, particularly cerebrovascular accidents and ischaemic heart disease. Given the global opioid and CVD burden, targeted interventions and integrated care approaches are needed. Findings are limited by heterogeneity and risk of bias in published studies. Further high-quality research should explore pathophysiological mechanisms, causality, dose-response relationships, and the potential reversibility of CVD risk following opioid cessation.

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ObjectiveThe existing literature on the direct effects of opioid use on cancer is limited. The goal of our systematic review and meta-analysis is to consolidate the findings of previous studies and provide a pooled effect size regarding the association between opioid usage and cancer.MethodsThe PRISMA guidelines were employed to construct a framework for conducting this systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search was conducted in international and national databases. A search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and national electronic databases was conducted up to May 2024. The random effects model was employed for the presentation of results with a 95% confidence interval. The statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 11.ResultsOut of 1674 articles were retrieved 38 studies remained in the final analysis (six cohort study and 32 case-control studies). The pooled adjusted odds ratio of opium on esophageal cancer was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.36, 2.08), for bladder cancer was 5.00(95% CI: 3.76, 6.66), for head and neck cancer was 4.93 (95% CI: 2.41, 10.06) for pancreatic cancer was 2.4 (95% CI: 1.62, 2.56) for lung cancer was 2.89(95% CI: 2.14, 3.30) for laryngeal cancer was 6.76 (95% CI: 3.77, 11.80) for gastric cancer was 3.13 (95% CI: 1.92, 5.11) and for colorectal cancer was 2.51 (95% CI: 1.04, 6.07).All association were statistically significant.ConclusionThe findings underscore the potential carcinogenic effects of opium on cancers. Public health organizations should work collaboratively to mitigate opioid exposure while promoting alternative pain management strategies to protect community health and reduce the burden of cancer.

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Opium use has been suggested as a possible risk factor for several cancers. While increased risk may be attributable to adulterants or smoking by-products, direct effects for opium alkaloids remains a possibility. Considering the overlap between natural and semi-synthetic or synthetic opioids, such an effect may entail increased risk in a broader population. We reviewed reports on associations between opium or opioid use and cancer. MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Epidemiological studies were included. Two researchers performed screening, data extraction, and quality assessment independently. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model. 82 publication (from 78 studies) contributed to the meta-analysis. Opium use was associated with increased cancer odds (OR = 3.55; 95% CI 2.94, 4.29; 95% PI 1.07, 11.82), particularly for bladder, laryngeal, and oesophageal cancers. In contrast, opioids use showed a modest association in case-control studies (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00, 1.07, 95% PI 0.94, 1.15), and a non-significant trend in cohort studies (HR = 1.44; 95% CI 0.98, 2.11; 95% PI 0.25, 8.32). Opioid use was also associated with increased cancer mortality (HR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.16, 2.46; 95% PI 0.36, 7.98). However, high heterogeneity, residual confounding, and the paucity of longitudinal evidence preclude causal inferences.

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