Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
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Official medicine documents
Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
The MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of suspected side effects from healthcare professionals and patients. View the Drug Analysis Profile (iDAP) for real-world adverse reaction data.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Minocycline
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Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) collects suspected adverse reaction reports from across the EU/EEA through the EudraVigilance system. Search for safety data on this medicine.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Minocycline
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EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
19 branded products available
Part of the Minocin brand family (generic: Minocycline)
MHRA licensed products
View all licensed products for Minocycline on the MHRA register
WHO defined daily dose (DDD)
200 mg
Not a recommended dose. The DDD is the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults. It is a statistical measure used for research and comparison purposes only.
Source: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, distributed via NHS dm+d BNF mapping files. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Therapeutically similar medicines
Similarity based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and NHS BNF section grouping. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
Clinical guidelines and formulary information
British National Formulary
Minocycline
Source: British National Formulary, NICE. Joint Formulary Committee. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
NICE clinical guidance(2)
Prostatitis (acute): antimicrobial prescribing (NG110)
Acne vulgaris: management (NG198)
Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
Pharmacy stock checkers
Search for this medicine at major UK pharmacy chains. These links open the retailer's own website — results depend on their current online catalogue.
Supply & product information
Official product databases and supply status monitoring
Pharmacy links redirect to the retailer's own search and do not represent real-time stock levels. emc (electronic medicines compendium) is operated by Datapharm Ltd. Shortage information sourced from NHS Specialist Pharmacy Service (SPS), sps.nhs.uk.
Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
Browse tools
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF codes from NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA). ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
80 found
Half-life
11.1-22.1 hours
Mechanism
Tetracyclines enter bacterial cells through OmpF and OmpC porins by coordinating with cations like magnesium.
Food interactions
2 warnings
Human targets
9 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
100mg
Half-life
11.1-22.1 hours
Protein binding
76%
[A190714]
Volume of distribution
67.5-115L
[A190708]
Metabolism
[A190696]
It is also metabolized to 2 different N-demethylated metabolites.
[A190696]
Elimination
4.5-9%
[A190699]…
Clearance
3.36-5.7L/h
[A190708]
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Minocycline was granted FDA approval on 30 June 1971.[L11695]
[L11701][L11704][L11719]
Subgingival microspheres are indicated as an adjunct treatment in the reduction of pocket depth in adults with periodontitis.
[L11716]
Oral and intravenous formulations are indicated to treat infections of susceptible microorganisms.
[L11707][L11710][L11713]
These include rickettsiae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Borrelia recurrentis, Haemophilus ducreyi, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter fetus, Brucella species, Bartonella bacilliformis, Klebsiella granulomatis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Shigella species, Acinetobacter species, Haemophilus influenzae, and Klebsiella species.
[L11710]
Additionally, oral minocycline is indicated for the treatment of inflammatory lesions (papules and pustules) of rosacea in adults.
[L52395]
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Showing 50 of 1099 interactions
[L11722]
The intraperitoneal LD50 in rats is 331mg/kg and in mice is 299mg/kg.
[L11722]
The subcutaneous LD50 in rats is 1700mg/kg and in mice is 2290mg/kg.
[L11722]
Patients experiencing an overdose may present with dizziness, nausea, and vomiting.
[L11710][L11713]
In the event of an overdose, discontinue minocycline and treat patients with symptomatic and supportive measures.
[L11701][L11704][L11707][L11710][L11713]
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
[A190708]
200mg of oral minocycline reaches a Cmax of 3.1mg/L, with a Tmax of 2.5h, and an AUC of 48.3mg/L\*h.
[A190708]
[L11710]
Minocycline intravenous injections have a half live of 15-23 hours.
[A190702][L11713]
[A190714]
[A190708]
[A190696]
It is also metabolized to 2 different N-demethylated metabolites.
[A190696]
[A190699]
4.5-9% of an intravenous minocycline dose is recovered in the urine.
[A190702][A190708]
10-19.5% of an oral dose is recovered in the urine and 20-34% is recovered in the feces.
[A190708]
[A190708]
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
PMID:10653850 PMID:12794819 PMID:28331908 PMID:3920526
Initially discovered as the major endogenous pyrogen, induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B-cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production .
PMID:3920526
Promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T-helper 1 (Th1) cells .
PMID:10653850
Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with TNF and IL6 .
PMID:12794819
Involved in transduction of inflammation downstream of pyroptosis: its mature form is specifically released in the extracellular milieu by passing through the gasdermin-D (GSDMD) pore .
PMID:33377178 PMID:33883744
Acts as a sensor of S.pyogenes infection in skin: cleaved and activated by pyogenes SpeB protease, leading to an inflammatory response that prevents bacterial growth during invasive skin infection PMID:28331908
PMID:19022417 PMID:21233389 PMID:22516296 PMID:23246375 PMID:24282679 PMID:24893149 PMID:31664810 PMID:8615788 PMID:8631361
Also catalyzes the oxygenation of arachidonate into 8-hydroperoxyicosatetraenoate (8-HPETE) and 12-hydroperoxyicosatetraenoate (12-HPETE) .
PMID:23246375
Displays lipoxin synthase activity being able to convert (15S)-HETE into a conjugate tetraene .
PMID:31664810
Although arachidonate is the preferred substrate, this enzyme can also metabolize oxidized fatty acids derived from arachidonate such as (15S)-HETE, eicosapentaenoate (EPA) such as (18R)- and (18S)-HEPE or docosahexaenoate (DHA) which lead to the formation of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) lipoxin and resolvins E and D respectively, therefore it participates in anti-inflammatory responses .
PMID:17114001 PMID:21206090 PMID:31664810 PMID:32404334 PMID:8615788
Oxidation of DHA directly inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting angiogenesis via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) (By similarity). It does not catalyze the oxygenation of linoleic acid and does not convert (5S)-HETE to lipoxin isomers .
PMID:31664810
In addition to inflammatory processes, it participates in dendritic cell migration, wound healing through an antioxidant mechanism based on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) regulation expression, monocyte adhesion to the endothelium via ITGAM expression on monocytes (By similarity). Moreover, it helps establish an adaptive humoral immunity by regulating primary resting B cells and follicular helper T cells and participates in the CD40-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after CD40 ligation in B cells through interaction with PIK3R1 that bridges ALOX5 with CD40 .
PMID:21200133
May also play a role in glucose homeostasis, regulation of insulin secretion and palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance via AMPK (By similarity).
Can regulate bone mineralization and fat cell differentiation increases in induced pluripotent stem cells (By similarity)
PMID:12879005 PMID:1480034 PMID:2551898
Could play a role in bone osteoclastic resorption (By similarity). Cleaves KiSS1 at a Gly-|-Leu bond .
PMID:12879005
Cleaves NINJ1 to generate the Secreted ninjurin-1 form .
PMID:32883094
Cleaves type IV and type V collagen into large C-terminal three quarter fragments and shorter N-terminal one quarter fragments .
PMID:1480034
Degrades fibronectin but not laminin or Pz-peptide
PMID:35455969
Involved in protecting cells from hypoxia-mediated cell death (By similarity)
PMID:15326478 PMID:15498465 PMID:1574116 PMID:26375003 PMID:32051255 PMID:37993714 PMID:7876192 PMID:9334240
Plays a key role in cell immunity as an inflammatory response initiator: once activated through formation of an inflammasome complex, it initiates a pro-inflammatory response through the cleavage of the two inflammatory cytokines IL1B and IL18, releasing the mature cytokines which are involved in a variety of inflammatory processes .
PMID:15326478 PMID:15498465 PMID:1574116 PMID:32051255 PMID:7876192
Cleaves a tetrapeptide after an Asp residue at position P1 .
PMID:15498465 PMID:1574116 PMID:7876192
Also initiates pyroptosis, a programmed lytic cell death pathway, through cleavage of GSDMD .
PMID:26375003
In contrast to cleavage of interleukin IL1B, recognition and cleavage of GSDMD is not strictly dependent on the consensus cleavage site but depends on an exosite interface on CASP1 that recognizes and binds the Gasdermin-D, C-terminal (GSDMD-CT) part .
PMID:32051255 PMID:32109412 PMID:32553275
Cleaves and activates CASP7 in response to bacterial infection, promoting plasma membrane repair .
PMID:22464733
Upon inflammasome activation, during DNA virus infection but not RNA virus challenge, controls antiviral immunity through the cleavage of CGAS, rendering it inactive .
PMID:28314590
In apoptotic cells, cleaves SPHK2 which is released from cells and remains enzymatically active extracellularly PMID:20197547
Proteins that transport this drug across cell membranes
PMID:11669456 PMID:11907186 PMID:14675047 PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370 PMID:28534121 PMID:9950961
Mediates the uptake of OA across the basolateral side of proximal tubule epithelial cells, thereby contributing to the renal elimination of endogenous OA from the systemic circulation into the urine .
PMID:9887087
Functions as a biopterin transporters involved in the uptake and the secretion of coenzymes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and sepiapterin to urine, thereby determining baseline levels of blood biopterins .
PMID:28534121
Transports prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) and may contribute to their renal excretion .
PMID:11907186
Also mediates the uptake of cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP and cGMP .
PMID:26377792
Involved in the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites kynurenate (KYNA) and xanthurenate (XA) and may contribute to their secretion from the brain .
PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370
May transport glutamate .
PMID:26377792
Also involved in the disposition of uremic toxins and potentially toxic xenobiotics by the renal organic anion secretory pathway, helping reduce their undesired toxicological effects on the body .
PMID:11669456 PMID:14675047
Uremic toxins include the indoxyl sulfate (IS), hippurate/N-benzoylglycine (HA), indole acetate (IA), 3-carboxy-4- methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF) and urate .
PMID:14675047 PMID:26377792
Xenobiotics include the mycotoxin ochratoxin (OTA) .
PMID:11669456
May also contribute to the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier PMID:35307651
PMID:11327718 PMID:18216183 PMID:21446918 PMID:28945155
Contributes to the renal and hepatic elimination of endogenous organic compounds from the systemic circulation into the urine and bile, respectively .
PMID:11327718 PMID:25904762
Capable of transporting a wide range of purine and pyrimidine nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides, with cGMP, 2'deoxyguanosine and GMP being the preferred substrates .
PMID:11327718 PMID:18216183 PMID:26377792 PMID:28945155
Functions as a pH- and chloride-independent cGMP bidirectional facilitative transporter that can regulate both intracellular and extracellular levels of cGMP and may be involved in cGMP signaling pathways .
PMID:18216183 PMID:26377792
Mediates orotate/glutamate bidirectional exchange and most likely display a physiological role in hepatic release of glutamate into the blood .
PMID:21446918
Involved in renal secretion and possible reabsorption of creatinine .
PMID:25904762 PMID:28945155
Able to uptake prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and may contribute to PGE2 renal excretion (Probable). Also transports alpha-ketoglutarate and urate .
PMID:11327718 PMID:26377792
Apart from the orotate/glutamate exchange, the counterions for the uptake of other SLC22A7/OAT2 substrates remain to be identified PMID:26377792
ATC D10AF07
ATC J01AA08
ATC J01AA20
ATC A01AB23
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
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Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Minocycline
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
11182
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
8646
ChemSpider
16735907
BindingDB
50103599
PDB
MIY
ZINC
ZINC000014879992
GenBank Gene Database
X02130
GenBank Protein Database
535073
UniProt Accession
RS9_ECOLI
GenBank Gene Database
X02543
GenBank Protein Database
42798
UniProt Accession
RS4_ECOLI
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:5992
GenAtlas
IL1B
GeneCards
IL1B
GenBank Gene Database
K02770
GenBank Protein Database
307043
UniProt Accession
IL1B_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:435
GenAtlas
ALOX5
GeneCards
ALOX5
GenBank Gene Database
J03600
GenBank Protein Database
187193
Guide to Pharmacology
1385
UniProt Accession
LOX5_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:7176
GenAtlas
MMP9
GeneCards
MMP9
GenBank Gene Database
J05070
GenBank Protein Database
177205
Guide to Pharmacology
1633
UniProt Accession
MMP9_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:12680
GenAtlas
VEGF
GeneCards
VEGFA
GenBank Gene Database
M32977
GenBank Protein Database
181971
UniProt Accession
VEGFA_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1499
GenAtlas
CASP1
GeneCards
CASP1
GenBank Gene Database
X65019
GenBank Protein Database
33793
Guide to Pharmacology
1617
UniProt Accession
CASP1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1504
GenAtlas
CASP3
GeneCards
CASP3
GenBank Gene Database
U13737
GenBank Protein Database
561666
Guide to Pharmacology
1619
UniProt Accession
CASP3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:19986
GenAtlas
CYCS
GeneCards
CYCS
GenBank Gene Database
M22877
GenBank Protein Database
181242
UniProt Accession
CYC_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6871
GenAtlas
MAPK1
GeneCards
MAPK1
GenBank Gene Database
M84489
GenBank Protein Database
182191
Guide to Pharmacology
1495
UniProt Accession
MK01_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6872
GenAtlas
MAPK10
GeneCards
MAPK10
GenBank Gene Database
U07620
GenBank Protein Database
468151
Guide to Pharmacology
1498
UniProt Accession
MK10_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6873
GenAtlas
MAPK11
GeneCards
MAPK11
GenBank Gene Database
U53442
Guide to Pharmacology
1500
UniProt Accession
MK11_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6874
GenAtlas
MAPK12
GeneCards
MAPK12
GenBank Gene Database
X79483
Guide to Pharmacology
1501
UniProt Accession
MK12_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6875
GenAtlas
MAPK13
GeneCards
MAPK13
GenBank Gene Database
Y10488
Guide to Pharmacology
1502
UniProt Accession
MK13_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6876
GenAtlas
MAPK14
GeneCards
MAPK14
GenBank Gene Database
L35263
GenBank Protein Database
603917
Guide to Pharmacology
1499
UniProt Accession
MK14_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:24667
GeneCards
MAPK15
Guide to Pharmacology
2090
UniProt Accession
MK15_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6877
GenAtlas
MAPK3
GeneCards
MAPK3
GenBank Gene Database
X60188
GenBank Protein Database
31221
Guide to Pharmacology
1494
UniProt Accession
MK03_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6878
GeneCards
MAPK4
UniProt Accession
MK04_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6879
GeneCards
MAPK6
UniProt Accession
MK06_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6880
GeneCards
MAPK7
Guide to Pharmacology
2093
UniProt Accession
MK07_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6881
GeneCards
MAPK8
GenBank Gene Database
L26318
GenBank Protein Database
474901
Guide to Pharmacology
1496
UniProt Accession
MK08_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6886
GeneCards
MAPK9
GenBank Gene Database
L31951
GenBank Protein Database
598183
Guide to Pharmacology
1497
UniProt Accession
MK09_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:7873
GenAtlas
NOS2A
GeneCards
NOS2
GenBank Gene Database
L09210
GenBank Protein Database
292242
Guide to Pharmacology
1250
UniProt Accession
NOS2_HUMAN
GenBank Gene Database
J01655
GenBank Protein Database
147010
UniProt Accession
OMPF_ECOLI
UniProt Accession
OMPC_ECOLI
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10970
GenAtlas
hROAT1
GeneCards
SLC22A6
GenBank Gene Database
AF057039
GenBank Protein Database
3831566
Guide to Pharmacology
1025
UniProt Accession
S22A6_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10971
GeneCards
SLC22A7
GenBank Gene Database
AF097518
GenBank Protein Database
5001689
UniProt Accession
S22A7_HUMAN
International reference pricing
Reference pricing from DrugBank. Prices are indicative and may not reflect current UK costs.
Source: DrugBank. Used under CC BY-NC 4.0 academic licence for non-commercial purposes.
Patent information
27 active patents, 8 expired
Source: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0. Patent data sourced from national patent offices. Expiry dates may not reflect extensions, regulatory exclusivity periods, or legal challenges.
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications: