Midazolam 7.5mg/1.5ml oromucosal solution pre-filled oral syringes
Midazolam is a short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic, and amnesic properties.[A173842] It belongs to a class of drugs called <em>benzodiazepines</em>.
Some safe custody exemptions; written records required
Legal requirements and restrictions
Schedule 3 medicines that do not require locked storage or register entries.
Legal requirements
- Prescriptions valid for 28 days
- No controlled drugs register required
- No safe custody (locked storage) required
Other medicines in this category
Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
Report a side effect
Submit a Yellow Card report to the MHRA
Official medicine documents
Yellow Card
Report side effects (MHRA)
Drug safety updates
MHRA alerts for Midazolam
Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
The MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of suspected side effects from healthcare professionals and patients. View the Drug Analysis Profile (iDAP) for real-world adverse reaction data.
View Drug Analysis Profile
Suspected adverse reactions reported for Midazolam
Browse all iDAP reports
Interactive Drug Analysis Profiles for all medicines
Report a side effect
Submit a Yellow Card report to the MHRA
Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) collects suspected adverse reaction reports from across the EU/EEA through the EudraVigilance system. Search for safety data on this medicine.
View EudraVigilance report
Suspected adverse reactions reported for Midazolam
About EudraVigilance
Learn about EU pharmacovigilance and safety monitoring
EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
2 branded products available
MHRA licensed products
View all licensed products for Midazolam on the MHRA register
Buccolam 7.5mg/1.5ml oromucosal solution pre-filled oral syringes
WHO defined daily dose (DDD)
10 mg
Not a recommended dose. The DDD is the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults. It is a statistical measure used for research and comparison purposes only.
Source: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, distributed via the NHS dm+d supplementary mapping files (NHSBSA). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Therapeutically similar medicines
Similarity is based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and on a factual NHS dm+d therapeutic-grouping code prefix. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
Guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
NICE clinical guidance(7)
Sedation in under 19s: using sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (CG112)
Sedaconda ACD-S for sedation with volatile anaesthetics in intensive care (HTG607)
End of life care for infants, children and young people with life-limiting conditions: planning and management (NG61)
Epilepsies in children, young people and adults (NG217)
Gastroparesis in adults: oral erythromycin (ESUOM13)
End-tidal Control software for use with Aisys closed circuit anaesthesia systems for automated gas control during general anaesthesia (MIB10)
Specialist neonatal respiratory care for babies born preterm (NG124)
Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
Pharmacy stock checkers
Search for this medicine at major UK pharmacy chains. These links open the retailer's own website — results depend on their current online catalogue.
Supply & safety information
Official UK regulator monitoring and safety alerts
Pharmacy links redirect to the retailer's own search and do not represent real-time stock levels. Shortage and safety information sourced from MHRA drug safety updates (gov.uk, Crown Copyright under OGL v3.0).
Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
Browse tools
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Academic studies and reviews for this medicine's active substance
Showing the 50 most relevant studies.
Reviews & meta-analyses: 23 · Randomised trials: 24 · 1984–2026
Showing the 50 most relevant studies, sorted by most relevant.
Michael F. Grunebaum, Hanga Galfalvy, Tse‐Hwei Choo, et al.
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2017
- Behavior Rating Scale
- Suicide Prevention
- Depressive Disorder, Major
Jason T. McMullan, Comilla Sasson, Arthur Pancioli, et al.
Academic Emergency Medicine, 2010
- Anticonvulsants
- Diazepam
- Midazolam
Michael F. Grunebaum, Steven P. Ellis, John G. Keilp, et al.
Bipolar Disorders, 2017
- Bipolar Disorder
- Ketamine
- Midazolam
Richard R. Riker
JAMA, 2009
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists
- Hypnotics and Sedatives
- Midazolam
John S. McIntyre, Sue Robertson, Elizabeth Norris, et al.
The Lancet, 2005
- Acute Disease
- Administration, Buccal
- Administration, Rectal
Rod C. Scott, Frank Besag, Brian G.R. Neville
The Lancet, 1999
- Administration, Buccal
- Administration, Rectal
- Anticonvulsants
J. Vargo, G. Zuccaro, J. Dumot, et al.
Gastroenterology, 2002
- Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde
- Analgesics, Opioid
- Cost-Benefit Analysis
V. M. Yuen, T. W. C. Hui, Michael G. Irwin, et al.
Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2008
- Preanesthetic Medication
- Administration, Intranasal
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists
Joe E. Wathen, Mark G. Roback, Todd A. MacKenzie, et al.
Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2000
- Emergency Service, Hospital
- Analgesics
- Colorado
M. Roizen
Yearbook of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, 2010
Sources: aggregated from Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI), OpenAlex, Crossref, PubMed and other open scholarly databases. Retracted articles are excluded. Study information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
1 found
Half-life
1.8 to 6.4 hours
Mechanism
The actions of benzodiazepines such as midazolam are mediated through the inhibi…
Food interactions
2 warnings
Human targets
4 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
10 mg
Following IM administration of a single 10 mg midazolam dose to healthy subjects, midazolam was absorbed with median Tmax (range) of 0.5…
Half-life
1.8 to 6.4 hours
Six single-dose pharmacokinetic studies involving healthy adults yield an elimination half-life of 1.8…
Protein binding
97%
Volume of distribution
6 months
Metabolism
60%
Elimination
0.5%
Clearance
10 mg
Following IM administration of 10 mg midazolam, the apparent total body clearance (CL/F) of midazolam was 367.3…
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
This drug was initially approved by the US FDA in 1985, and has been approved for various indications since.[L45098] In late 2018, the intramuscular preparation was approved by the FDA for the treatment of status epilepticus in adults.[L45098] In May 2019, the nasal spray of midazolam was approved for the acute treatment of distinctive intermittent, stereotypic seizure episodes in patients 12 years of age and older.[A257153] Midazolam is considered a schedule IV drug in the United States due to the low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence.[L5074]
Nasal
For the nasal spray formulation, midazolam is indicated for the acute treatment of intermittent, stereotypic episodes of frequent seizure activity (i.e., seizure clusters, acute repetitive seizures) that are distinct from a patient’s usual seizure pattern in patients with epilepsy 12 years of age and older.
[L44773]
Intravenous
For the intravenous injection formulation, midazolam is indicated as an agent for sedation/anxiolysis/amnesia and prior to or during diagnostic, therapeutic or endoscopic procedures, such as bronchoscopy, gastroscopy, cystoscopy, coronary angiography, cardiac catheterization, oncology procedures, radiologic procedures, suture of lacerations and other procedures either alone or in combination with other CNS depressants.
[L12981]
The sedative, anxiolytic and amnestic use of midazolam can also be employed pre-operatively.
[L12981]
It can also be indicated for induction of general anesthesia, before administration of other anesthetic agents or as a component of intravenous supplementation of nitrous oxide and oxygen for a balanced anesthesia.
[L12981]
A relatively narrower dose range of midazolam and a shorter period of induction can be achieved if midazolam is combined with narcotic premedication.
[L12981]
Finally, midazolam can be indicated as a continous intravenous infusion for sedation of intubated and mechanically ventilated patients as a component of anesthesia or during treatment in a critical care setting.
[L12981]
Intramuscular
For the intramusuclar injection formulation, midazolam is indicated for preoperative sedation/anxiolysis/amnesia or for treatment of status epilepticus in adults.
[L12981][L45048]
Oral
Midazolam syrup is indicated for use in pediatric patients for sedation, anxiolysis and amnesia prior to diagnostic, therapeutic or endoscopic procedures or before induction of anesthesia. It is only approved in monitored settings only and not for chronic or home use.
[L5092]
In Europe, a buccal formulation of midazolam is also approved for the treatment of prolonged, acute, convulsive seizures in infants, toddlers, children and adolescents (from 3 months to < 18 years). For infants between 3-6 months of age treatment should be in a hospital setting where monitoring is possible and resuscitation equipment is available.
[L45053]
Known interactions with other medicines. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Showing 50 of 1823 interactions
Overdose
Signs of overdose include sedation, somnolence, confusion, impaired coordination, diminished reflexes, coma, and deleterious effects on vital signs. Serious cardiorespiratory adverse reactions have occurred, sometimes ending in death or permanent neurologic effects, after the administration of midazolam.[FDA label]
A note on cardiac and respiratory depression
After administration of midazolam, continuous monitoring of respiratory and cardiac function is recommended until the patient is in stable condition. Serious and life-threatening cardiorespiratory adverse reactions, including hypoventilation, airway obstruction, apnea, and hypotension have been reported with the use of midazolam. Patients should be monitored in a setting with immediate access to resuscitative drugs if they are required.
Resuscitation equipment and personnel trained in their use and skilled in airway management should be available when midazolam is administered.[FDA label]
The usual recommended intramuscular pre-medicating doses of midazolam do not depress the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide stimulation to a clinically significant extent in adults. Intravenous induction doses of midazolam depress the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide stimulation for at least 15 minutes longer than the duration of ventilatory depression following administration of thiopental in adults. Impairment of ventilatory response to carbon dioxide is more severe in adult patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).[F2434]
A note on dependence
When midazolam is used in long-term sedation in the ICU (intensive care unit) or other settings, physical dependence on midazolam may develop.
The risk of dependence increases with dose and duration of treatment; this risk is also greater in patients with a medical history of substance abuse.
[L5074]
Special caution should be exercised when administering midazolam in the following populations
High-risk patients include adults over 60 years of age, chronically ill or debilitated patients, which may include patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency, patients with chronic renal failure, impaired hepatic function or with impaired cardiac function, pediatric patients (especially those with cardiovascular instability). These high-risk patients require lower dosages and should be monitored on a continuous basis for early signs of alterations of vital functions, so that appropriate management may be administered.
[L5074]
Mutagenesis
Midazolam was negative for genotoxicity during in vitro and in vivo assays.[FDA label]
Impairment of Fertility
When midazolam (0, 1, 4, or 16 mg/kg) was given orally to male and female rats before and during mating and continuing in females throughout gestation and lactation, no adverse effects on male or female fertility were observed. Midazolam plasma exposures (AUC) at the highest dose tested were approximately 6 times that in humans at the recomended human dose.[FDA label]
Midazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine central nervous system (CNS) depressant. Pharmacodynamic properties of midazolam and its metabolites, which are similar to those of other benzodiazepine drugs, include sedative, anxiolytic, amnestic, muscle relaxant, as well as hypnotic activities.[F2434] Benzodiazepines enhance the inhibitory action of the amino acid neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Receptors for GABA are targeted by many important drugs that affect GABA function and are commonly used in the treatment of anxiety disorder, epilepsy, insomnia, spasticity, and aggressive behavior.[A173854]
Sedation and memory
The onset of sedation after intramuscular administration in adults is 15 minutes, with maximal sedation occurring 30-60 minutes after injection.[FDA label] In one study of adults, when tested the following day, 73% of the patients who were administered midazolam intramuscularly had no recollection of memory cards shown 30 minutes following drug administration; 40% had no recollection of the memory cards shown 60 minutes after drug administration. Onset time of sedative effects in pediatric patients begins within 5 minutes and peaks at 15-30 minutes depending upon the dose administered. In the pediatric population, up to 85% had no memory of pictures shown after receiving intramuscular midazolam compared to 5% of the placebo control group.[F2434]
Sedation in both adult and pediatric patients is reached within 3 to 5 minutes post intravenous (IV) injection. The time of onset is affected by the dose administered and the simultaneous administration of narcotic pre-medication. Seventy-one (71%) percent of the adult patients in clinical endoscopy studies had no memory of insertion of the endoscope; 82% of the patients had no memory of withdrawal of the endoscope.[L12981]
Anesthesia induction
When midazolam is administered intravenously (IV) for anesthetic induction, induction of anesthesia occurs in about 1.5 minutes when narcotic pre-medication has been given and in 2 to 2.5 minutes without narcotic pre-medication/ other sedative pre-medication. Impairment in a memory test was observed in 90% of the patients.[L12981]
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Following IM administration of a single 10 mg midazolam dose to healthy subjects, midazolam was absorbed with median Tmax (range) of 0.5 (0.25 to 0.5) hours; midazolam's mean (±SD) Cmax and AUC0-∞ were 113.9 (±30.9) ng/mL and 402.7 (±97.0) ng∙h/mL, respectively.
[L45048]
Rectal
After rectal administration midazolam is absorbed rapidly. Maximum plasma concentration is reached within 30 minutes. The absolute bioavailability is approximately 50%.[F2977]
Intranasal Administration
Following the nasal administration of a single 5 mg midazolam dose to healthy adults, midazolam was absorbed with a median Tmax (range) of 17.3 (7.8 to 28.2) minutes; midazolam's mean (±SD) Cmax and AUC0-∞ were 54.7 (±30.4) ng/mL and 126.2 (±59) ng∙h/mL, respectively.
The mean absolute bioavailability is approximately 44%.
[L44773]
Oral
In pediatric patients from 6 months to <16 years old, the mean Tmax values across dose groups (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg) range from 0.17 to 2.65 hours. Midazolam also exhibits linear pharmacokinetics within this dose range (up to a maximum dose of 40 mg). Linearity was also demonstrated across the doses within the age group of 2 years to <12 years having 18 patients at each of the three doses.
Due to first-pass metabolism, only 40-50% of the administered oral dose reaches the circulation.
[A173842]
The absolute bioavailability of midazolam is about 36%, which is not affected by pediatric age or weight. Cmax and AUC0-∞ were also calculated to range from 28 to 201 ng/mL and 67.6 to 821 ng∙h/mL respectively.
[L5092]
Buccal
After oromucosal administration midazolam is absorbed rapidly. Maximum plasma concentration is reached within 30 minutes in children.
The absolute bioavailability of oromucosal midazolam is about 75% in adults. The bioavailability of oromucosal midazolam has been estimated at 87% in children with severe malaria and convulsions. Cmax and AUC0-∞ were also calculated to range from 87 to 148 ng/mL and 168 to 254 ng∙h/mL respectively.
[L45053]
Six single-dose pharmacokinetic studies involving healthy adults yield an elimination half-life of 1.8 to 6.4 hours (mean of approximately 3 hours).
[L12981]
Intramuscular
Following IM administration of 10 mg midazolam, the mean (±SD) elimination half-life of midazolam was 4.2 (±1.87) hours.
[L45048]
Intranasal
Following the administration of NAYZILAM in clinical trials, median midazolam and 1-hydroxy-midazolam elimination half-lives ranged from 2.1 to 6.2 hours and 2.7 to 7.2 hours, respectively, independent of dose.
[L44773]
Oral
The mean elimination half-life of midazolam ranged from 2.2 to 6.8 hours following single oral doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg of midazolam HCl syrup.
[L5092]
**Buccal*
The initial and terminal elimination half-lives are 27 and 204 minutes, respectively.
[L45053]
[L44773]
Intravenous administration
In pediatric patients (6 months to <16 years) receiving 0.15 mg/kg IV midazolam, the mean steady-state volume of distribution ranged from 1.24 to 2.02 L/kg.
[L5092]
For healthy adult patients, the volume of distribution determined from six single-dose pharmacokinetic studies ranged from 1.0 to 3.1 L/kg.
[L12981]
Intramuscular administration
The mean (±SD) apparent volume of distribution (Vz/F) of midazolam following a single IM dose of 10 mg midazolam was 2117 (±845.1) mL/kg in healthy subjects.
[L45048]
Intranasal
The estimated total volume of distribution of midazolam is 226.5 L.
[L44773]
Buccal
The steady-state volume of distribution following oromucosal administration is estimated to be 5.3 l/kg.
[L45053]
Small amounts of a dihydroxy derivative have also been detected, but not quantified.
[L45048]
Midazolam also undergoes N-glucuronidation via UGT1A4 after the process of hepatic oxidation by cytochrome enzymes.
[A173842]
Studies of the intravenous administration of 1-hydroxy-midazolam in humans suggest that 1-hydroxymidazolam is at least as potent as the parent compound, and may contribute to the net pharmacologic activity of midazolam. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the affinities of 1- and 4-hydroxy-midazolam for the benzodiazepine receptor are approximately 20% and 7%, respectively, relative to midazolam.
[L45048]
[L45048]
The principal urinary excretion
products are glucuronide conjugates of hydroxylated derivatives.
[L45048]
Plasma clearance of midazolam is higher in patients that remain in the supine position, because of a 40-60 percent increase in hepatic blood flow during supination.
Pregnancy may also increase the metabolism of midazolam.
[A173842]
Following IM administration of 10 mg midazolam, the apparent total body clearance (CL/F) of midazolam was 367.3 (±73.5) mL/hr/kg.
[L45048]
Intravenous:
Six single-dose pharmacokinetic studies involving healthy adults yield a total clearance (Cl) of 0.25 to 0.54 L/hr/kg.
[L12981]
Intranasal
Midazolam clearance was calculated to be 1.9 mL/min/kg
Oral
Following a group of patients receiving the 0.15 mg/kg IV dose, the mean total clearance ranged from 9.3 to 11.0 mL/min/kg.
[L5092]
**Buccal*
Plasma clearance of midazolam in children following oromucosal administration is 30 ml/kg/min.
[L45053]
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
PMID:10449790 PMID:16412217
GABA-gated chloride channels, also named GABA(A) receptors (GABAAR), consist of five subunits arranged around a central pore and contain GABA active binding site(s) located at the alpha and beta subunit interfaces (By similarity). When activated by GABA, GABAARs selectively allow the flow of chloride anions across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient PMID:10449790 PMID:16412217
Was initially identified as peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor; can also bind isoquinoline carboxamides PMID:1847678
Enzymes involved in drug metabolism — important for understanding drug interactions
Proteins that transport this drug across cell membranes
PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:8898203 PMID:9038218 PMID:35507548
Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins .
PMID:8898203
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:9038218
PMID:14506254 PMID:15265858 PMID:26690923 PMID:7521911
Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion .
PMID:14506254
Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport .
PMID:14506254
Essential for the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, and for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (By similarity)
Proteins that carry this drug through the body
PMID:19021548
Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity).
Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity).
Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli .
PMID:6234017
Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin PMID:6234017
Appears to function in modulating the activity of the immune system during the acute-phase reaction
ATC N05CD08
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Show
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Midazolam
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
11188
ChemSpider
4047
BindingDB
21363
PDB
08J
Guide to Pharmacology
3342
ZINC
ZINC000095626706
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4075
GenAtlas
GABRA1
GeneCards
GABRA1
GenBank Gene Database
X13584
GenBank Protein Database
31631
Guide to Pharmacology
404
UniProt Accession
GBRA1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4076
GenAtlas
GABRA2
GeneCards
GABRA2
GenBank Gene Database
S62907
GenBank Protein Database
386422
Guide to Pharmacology
405
UniProt Accession
GBRA2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4077
GenAtlas
GABRA3
GeneCards
GABRA3
GenBank Gene Database
S62908
GenBank Protein Database
386424
Guide to Pharmacology
406
UniProt Accession
GBRA3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4078
GenAtlas
GABRA4
GeneCards
GABRA4
GenBank Gene Database
U30461
GenBank Protein Database
905393
Guide to Pharmacology
407
UniProt Accession
GBRA4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4079
GenAtlas
GABRA5
GeneCards
GABRA5
GenBank Gene Database
L08485
GenBank Protein Database
182916
Guide to Pharmacology
408
UniProt Accession
GBRA5_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4080
GenAtlas
GABRA6
GeneCards
GABRA6
GenBank Gene Database
S81944
GenBank Protein Database
1470364
Guide to Pharmacology
409
UniProt Accession
GBRA6_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4081
GenAtlas
GABRB1
GeneCards
GABRB1
GenBank Gene Database
X14767
GenBank Protein Database
31635
UniProt Accession
GBRB1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4082
GenAtlas
GABRB2
GeneCards
GABRB2
GenBank Gene Database
S67368
GenBank Protein Database
455946
UniProt Accession
GBRB2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4083
GenAtlas
GABRB3
GeneCards
GABRB3
GenBank Gene Database
M82919
GenBank Protein Database
182925
Guide to Pharmacology
412
UniProt Accession
GBRB3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4084
GeneCards
GABRD
GenBank Gene Database
AF016917
GenBank Protein Database
2388693
UniProt Accession
GBRD_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4085
GeneCards
GABRE
GenBank Gene Database
U66661
GenBank Protein Database
1857126
UniProt Accession
GBRE_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4086
GeneCards
GABRG1
GenBank Gene Database
AK122845
GenBank Protein Database
193783776
UniProt Accession
GBRG1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4087
GeneCards
GABRG2
GenBank Gene Database
X15376
GenBank Protein Database
31637
UniProt Accession
GBRG2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4088
GeneCards
GABRG3
GenBank Gene Database
S82769
GenBank Protein Database
1754749
UniProt Accession
GBRG3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4089
GeneCards
GABRP
GenBank Gene Database
U95367
GenBank Protein Database
2197001
UniProt Accession
GBRP_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:14454
GeneCards
GABRQ
GenBank Gene Database
AF189259
GenBank Protein Database
7861736
UniProt Accession
GBRT_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4075
GenAtlas
GABRA1
GeneCards
GABRA1
GenBank Gene Database
X13584
GenBank Protein Database
31631
Guide to Pharmacology
404
UniProt Accession
GBRA1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4076
GenAtlas
GABRA2
GeneCards
GABRA2
GenBank Gene Database
S62907
GenBank Protein Database
386422
Guide to Pharmacology
405
UniProt Accession
GBRA2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4077
GenAtlas
GABRA3
GeneCards
GABRA3
GenBank Gene Database
S62908
GenBank Protein Database
386424
Guide to Pharmacology
406
UniProt Accession
GBRA3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4079
GenAtlas
GABRA5
GeneCards
GABRA5
GenBank Gene Database
L08485
GenBank Protein Database
182916
Guide to Pharmacology
408
UniProt Accession
GBRA5_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4086
GeneCards
GABRG1
GenBank Gene Database
AK122845
GenBank Protein Database
193783776
UniProt Accession
GBRG1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4087
GeneCards
GABRG2
GenBank Gene Database
X15376
GenBank Protein Database
31637
UniProt Accession
GBRG2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4088
GeneCards
GABRG3
GenBank Gene Database
S82769
GenBank Protein Database
1754749
UniProt Accession
GBRG3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1158
GenAtlas
TSPO
GeneCards
TSPO
GenBank Gene Database
M36035
GenBank Protein Database
306883
Guide to Pharmacology
2879
UniProt Accession
TSPO_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:263
GenAtlas
ADORA2A
GeneCards
ADORA2A
GenBank Gene Database
M97370
GenBank Protein Database
177892
Guide to Pharmacology
19
UniProt Accession
AA2AR_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2637
GenAtlas
CYP3A4
GeneCards
CYP3A4
GenBank Gene Database
M18907
Guide to Pharmacology
1337
UniProt Accession
CP3A4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:12536
GeneCards
UGT1A4
GenBank Gene Database
M57951
GenBank Protein Database
184475
UniProt Accession
UD14_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2638
GenAtlas
CYP3A5
GeneCards
CYP3A5
GenBank Gene Database
J04813
GenBank Protein Database
181346
Guide to Pharmacology
1338
UniProt Accession
CP3A5_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2640
GeneCards
CYP3A7
GenBank Gene Database
D00408
GenBank Protein Database
220149
UniProt Accession
CP3A7_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:12554
GeneCards
UGT2B7
GenBank Gene Database
J05428
GenBank Protein Database
340080
UniProt Accession
UD2B7_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:12553
GeneCards
UGT2B4
GenBank Gene Database
Y00317
GenBank Protein Database
37589
UniProt Accession
UD2B4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:399
GenAtlas
ALB
GeneCards
ALB
GenBank Gene Database
V00494
GenBank Protein Database
28590
UniProt Accession
ALBU_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:8498
GenAtlas
ORM1
GeneCards
ORM1
GenBank Gene Database
X02544
GenBank Protein Database
757907
UniProt Accession
A1AG1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:40
GenAtlas
ABCB1
GeneCards
ABCB1
GenBank Gene Database
M14758
GenBank Protein Database
307180
Guide to Pharmacology
768
UniProt Accession
MDR1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10940
GenAtlas
SLC1A2
GeneCards
SLC1A2
GenBank Gene Database
U03505
GenBank Protein Database
487341
Guide to Pharmacology
869
UniProt Accession
EAA2_HUMAN
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite:
- DrugBank 6.02024Recommended citationKnox C., Wilson M., Klinger C.M., et alDrugBank 6.0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 552(D1):D1265-D1275
- DrugBank 5.02018Wishart D.S., Feunang Y.D., Guo A.C., et alDrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Nov 846(D1):D1074-D1082
- DrugBank 4.02014Law V., Knox C., Djoumbou Y., et alDrugBank 4.0: shedding new light on drug metabolismNucleic Acids Res. 2014 Jan 142(1):D1091-7
- DrugBank 3.02011Knox C., Law V., Jewison T., et alDrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugsNucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan39(Database issue):D1035-41
- DrugBank 2.02008Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et alDrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets.Nucleic Acids Research2008 Jan36(Database issue):D901-6
- DrugBank 1.02006Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et alDrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration.Nucleic Acids Research2006 Jan 134(Database issue):D668-72