Marshmallow root 830mg/15ml / Thyme 120mg/15ml oral suspension sugar free

BackgroundThe need to reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics for the treatment of pediatric acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) calls for therapeutic alternatives. The use of herbal medicines (phytopharmaceuticals) to treat ARTIs has increased worldwide. However, the evidence of phytopharmaceutical treatment, especially for children with ARTIs, has not yet been comprehensively presented.ObjectiveTo identify evidence on the efficacy and tolerability of phytopharmaceuticals in children suffering from ARTIs.MethodsWe searched the literature using two databases (PubMed and Cochrane Library) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify records of clinical studies investigating the administration of phytopharmaceuticals in children with upper ARTIs (AURTIs) and/or lower ARTIs (ALRTIs).ResultsA total of 45 reports met the eligibility criteria and were included in our review. Of these, only nine reported double-blind, placebo-controlled trials investigating the efficacy and tolerability of phytopharmaceuticals in pediatric ARTIs. Overall, the included reports covered phytopharmaceuticals with the following single active ingredients: various purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) preparations, ivy (Hedera helix L.) leaf dry extract, African geranium (Pelargonium sidoides L.) root extract (EPs 7630), and pineapple fruit and stem extract preparation. In addition, various reports were included for fixed combination phytopharmaceutical products: eucalyptus oil combinations, five-herb fixed combination extract [BNO 1012 syrup], seven-herb fixed preparation [BNO 1030 solution], thyme herb and ivy leaf extracts, purple coneflower and sage leaf spray, thyme and primrose root extracts, and a preparation containing upper plant parts and roots of purple coneflower, propolis and vitamin C. The most robust efficacy and tolerability evidence available was found for EPs 7630: six double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, eight meta-analyses, four prospective open-label studies, and two observational studies, demonstrating efficacy and good tolerability.ConclusionAmong the phytopharmaceuticals identified by our systematically conducted, comprehensive literature review, EPs 7630 is supported by sufficient evidence to be regarded as an appropriate treatment to reduce the severity and duration of AURTIs and ALRTIs in children. Regarding other phytopharmaceuticals reported in the literature for the treatment of pediatric ARTIs, further research is needed to close existing evidence gaps.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Phytotherapeutic pharmaceuticals and herbal medicinal products with its roots in classical phytotherapeutic medicine have a well-established role in otolaryngological therapy, especially for diseases of the upper airways and acute and chronic infections. A thorough selection and application could mean huge benefit for the patient, in particular in cases with contraindications, chemo- and antibiotic resistance or patient request. Besides, it might spare other medications. Phytotherapeutic pharmaceuticals must fulfil the same criteria of quality, effectiveness and harmlessness of evidence-based medicine like chemical pharmaceuticals, although they are often prescribed due to its well established or traditional based use. This review focuses on phytotherapeutic therapies well established within the European Community for otolaryngologic disease patterns by referring to clinical studies or meta-analysis.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC

BackgroundPatients with cancer receiving tumor therapy often suffer from oral mucositis.ObjectivesThe aim of this project was to summarize experiences with nursing procedures by experts in integrative oncology and to establish recommendations for nursing interventions that can prevent or cure mucositis.MethodsThe study design was an interdisciplinary consensus process based on a systematic literature search.ResultsThe panel discussed and agreed on 19 nursing procedures, which included mouthwashes, such as teas, supplements, oil applications, and different kinds of ice cubes to suck, as well as flaxseed solution, propolis, and mare milk. Twelve interventions were classified as effective, with effectiveness for OraLife, propolis, sea buckthorn pulp oil, marshmallow root tea also for xerostomia, Helago chamomile oil, mare milk, and Saliva Natura rated as highly effective in clinical experience. In the systematic literature search, a total of 12 out of 329 randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses on chamomile (n = 3), Calendula (n = 1) and sage (n = 1), propolis (n = 2), and sucking ice cubes (cryotherapy; n = 5) met all inclusion criteria. Trial evidence for effectiveness in oral mucositis was revealed for propolis and cryotherapy.ConclusionsThe current evidence supports the use of some nursing procedures (f.e. propolis for 2 and 3 grade mucositis) for improving oral mucositis during cancer therapies. There is still a need to define general clinical practice guidelines for the supportive treatment of mucositis, as well as for more interdisciplinary research in this area.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC

Abstrak: Artikel ini mengkaji efektivitas pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal (UU JPH) dalam merespons tantangan kehalalan produk impor, khususnya kasus marshmallow yang terindikasi mengandung gelatin babi meski telah bersertifikat halal. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-normatif dengan metode studi kasus eksploratif dan analisis naratif-etnografis, serta menggunakan teori moral panic dan Maqāṣid Asy-Syarīʿah sebagai landasan analisis. Temuan dalam kajian artikel ini menunjukkan adanya celah dalam sistem pengawasan, inkonsistensi pelabelan halal, dan lemahnya penegakan hukum, yang berkontribusi pada krisis kepercayaan konsumen Muslim. Pelanggaran terhadap prinsip hifz al-din (agama), hifz al-nafs (jiwa), dan hifz al-mal (harta) mengindikasikan bahwa isu kehalalan tidak hanya berdimensi hukum formal, tetapi juga menyentuh aspek moral dan spiritual. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan reformulasi kebijakan halal yang mencakup harmonisasi regulasi, peningkatan transparansi informasi, penguatan lembaga pengawas, serta edukasi publik secara menyeluruh sebagai bentuk perlindungan menyeluruh terhadap konsumen Muslim di tengah dinamika pasar global. Abstract: This article examines the effectiveness of the implementation of Law No. 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee (UU JPH) in responding to the challenges of imported product halalness, particularly the case of marshmallows that were indicated to contain pork gelatin even though they were certified halal. The research employs a legal-normative approach using exploratory case study and narrative-ethnographic analysis methods, and draws on moral panic theory and Maqāṣid Asy-Syarīʿah as analytical frameworks. The findings reveal gaps in the oversight system, inconsistencies in halal labelling, and weak enforcement of the law, which contribute to a crisis of trust among Muslim consumers. Violations of the principles of hifz al-din (religion), hifz al-nafs (soul), and hifz al-mal (property) indicate that the issue of halal is not only a formal legal matter but also touches on moral and spiritual aspects. Therefore, a reformulation of halal policies is needed, encompassing regulatory harmonization, enhanced information transparency, strengthened oversight institutions, and comprehensive public education as a form of comprehensive protection for Muslim consumers amid the dynamics of the global market.

Abstract licence: CC BY-SA 4.0

In this study, inulin (INU) extracted from burdock root was utilized as a new film base material and combined with chitosan (CHI) to prepare composite films. Oregano and thyme essential oils (OT) were incorporated into the INU-CHI film to confer the films with bioactivities. The physical and optical properties as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the films were evaluated. INU film alone showed poor physical properties. In contrast, the compatibility of INU and CHI demonstrated by the changes in attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transformation infrared spectrum of the INU-CHI film increased tensile strength and elongation at break of the INU film by 8.2- and 3.9-fold, respectively. In addition, water vapor permeability, water solubility, and moisture content of the films decreased proportionally with increasing OT concentration in the INU-CHI film. Incorporation of OT also increased the opacity of a and b values and decreased the L value of the INU-CHI films. All INU-CHI films containing OT exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Particularly, the INU-CHI film with 2.0% OT exhibited the highest 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, and antimicrobial activities against four pathogens. Thus, the INU-CHI film containing OT developed in this study might be utilized as an active packaging material in the food industry.

Abstract licence: CC BY 4.0

Some herbal extracts contain relatively high amounts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Because orally administered LPS activates innate immunity without inducing inflammation, it plays a role as an active ingredient in herbal extracts. However, the LPS content in herbal extracts remains extensively unevaluated. This study aimed to create a database of LPS content in herbal extracts; therefore, the LPS content of 414 herbal extracts was measured and the macrophage activation potential was evaluated. The LPS content of these hot water extracts was determined using the kinetic-turbidimetric method. The LPS concentration ranged from a few ng/g to hundreds of μg/g (Standard Escherichia coli LPS equivalent). Twelve samples had a high-LPS-content of > 100 μg/g, including seven samples from roots and three samples from leaves of the herbal extracts. These samples showed high phagocytosis and NO production capacity, and further investigation using polymyxin B, an LPS inhibitor, significantly inhibited macrophage activation. This study suggests that some herbal extracts contain sufficient LPS concentration to activate innate immunity. Therefore, a new approach to evaluate the efficacy of herbal extracts based on their LPS content was proposed. A database listing the LPS content of different herbal extracts is essential for this approach.

Abstract licence: CC BY