Mafenide 8.5% cream

Over 40,000 patients in the United States (US) require hospitalization for burns annually. The treatment regimen can cost more than $6,000 a day and requires the use of numerous supplies to ensure the graft takes for successful wound healing. Irrigation of the wound is a critical step for burn treatment, yet little is known about the cost-effectiveness of different irrigation modalities. In a recent study, pure hypochlorous acid preserved wound cleanser (pHA) was shown to be safe and effective compared to mafenide. This study estimated the associated costs of two common wound irrigation modalities, pHA and mafenide solution, for the treatment of patients with burns. In this study, a patient-level Monte Carlo simulation model using data from a randomized control trial (RCT) was used to conduct the cost analysis from the US Hospital perspective. Based upon 100,000 simulated patients, pHA was expected to save $133 ($123 to $144, 10th to 90th percentile) for the hospital compared to using a mafenide solution over 14 days. Adoption of pHA should be considered a cost-saving strategy when treating patients with burns.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC 3.0

Electronic cigarettes, also known as e-cigarettes (E-cig), are lithium-battery-powered devices, which became available for sale in the United States in 2017. It has gained significant popularity among younger-generation tobacco smokers due to its advertisement as a non-toxic inhalation property and a potential smoking-cessation aid. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been regulating e-cigarettes as tobacco products and not as drug-delivery devices, as many medical experts think it should be categorized. In the last few years, the medical community has encountered increasing episodes of burn injuries secondary to e-cigarette battery explosion. Explosions occur through a process known as a "thermal runaway." This process occurs when the battery overheats and the internal battery temperature increases dangerously high, to the point of inner fire and explosion. Overcharge, puncture, external heat, short circuit, amongst others, are conditions that cause a "thermal runaway." This is a retrospective review and analysis of six patients with superficial, partial, and full-thickness burn injuries related to e-cigarette battery explosions managed at Johns Hopkins Bayview Burn Center over the course of one year. Lund-Browder diagrams and calculations were used to assess the total body surface area (TBSA) burns. Laser Doppler imaging (LDI) was used to evaluate the indeterminate depth of the burn. Only one of our six patients required tangential excision and skin grafting. The rest of our patients were treated conservatively with complex wound care, which included the mixed combination of topical collagenase and bacitracin, collagenase and mafenide, or silver sulfadiazine as a single-agent treatment with an excellent response. Five patients were discharged home within a week, including the patient who required operative excision and auto-grafting. One patient stayed for eight days for pain control and complex wound care. Our experience with these burns has been similar to what is previously reported. Most of these burns are managed with complex wound care without any surgical interventions. The e-cigarette batteries seem more prone to failure due to an inherent weakness in their structural design. This makes them particularly susceptible to the "thermal runaway." Therefore, we recognized the need to expand the regulation and control of the quality of these devices. Prevention of these burns will require continuing education for the community on the use of E-cig. products and its potential hazardous implications. New efforts should be made to educate the community and healthcare providers regarding the potential hazardous implication of carrying these batteries. Also, there is insufficient data to support or deny the long-term health effects of using e-cigarettes.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Background: Increasing rates of acquired resistance have justified the critical need for novel antimicrobial drugs. One viable concept is the modification of known drugs. Methods & results: 21 mafenide-based compounds were prepared via condensation reactions and screened for antimicrobial efficacy, which demonstrated promising activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, pathogenic fungi and mycobacterial strains (minimum inhibitory concentrations from 3.91 μM). Importantly, they retained activity against a panel of superbugs (methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant staphylococci, enterococci, multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis) without any cross-resistance. Unlike mafenide, most of its imines were bactericidal. Toxicity to HepG2 cells was also investigated. Conclusion: Schiff bases were significantly more active than the parent drug, with iodinated salicylidene and 5-nitrofuran/thiophene-methylidene scaffolds being preferred in identifying the most promising drug candidates.

Abstract licence: CC BY 4.0

Objective: The primary objective was to fabricate a novel drug delivery system capable of providing a controlled and prolonged release of antibiotics. Methods: The experimental design was formulated using Design-Expert® software (version 13), enabling systematic and efficient fabrication process optimization. The study involved the preparation of various nanofiber formulations with different ratios of the three polymers to assess their impact on drug release behavior. Mafenide, a widely used antibiotic, was chosen as the model drug for this investigation. The electrospinning process allowed for producing uniform and fine nanofibers with a high surface area, ensuring a large drug-loading capacity. The synthesized nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to evaluate their morphology, chemical interactions, and thermal properties. The drug release kinetics of the antibiotic-loaded nanofibers were studied under different physiological conditions to assess their sustained release behavior. Results: The final nanofiber formula was successfully prepared using the electrospinning technique. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was achieved to confirm the possibility of chemical interaction and bond formation between mafenide and the polymers. Present. The SEM picture of the optimized nanofiber formula showed the homogeneity and excellent entanglement of the electrospun nanofibers at a resolution of 5 µm. PVA/chitosan/HPMC and mafenide pure drug have been successfully fabricated with sufficient strength to resist swelling after absorbing wound exudate. The polymer network becomes more compact when chitosan and Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) are combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), enabling regulated swelling during solvent ingress. The polymer composite's three-dimensional network influenced how quickly the medication was released from the matrix. Sample 2's polymer network traps the medication, gradually releasing after controlled swelling, resulting in a sustained release profile compared to blank sample according to the cumulative release (%) study of mafenide loaded nanofiber and mafenide drug blank sample. Conclusion: This research successfully demonstrated the fabrication of sustained-release antibiotic nanofibers using electrospinning and three biocompatible polymers. The systematic optimization approach using Design-Expert® software proved effective in tailoring the drug release behavior of nanofibers. The developed drug delivery system holds great promise for pharmaceutical applications, particularly in improving antibiotic therapies and patient care. 

Abstract licence: CC BY 4.0