Lithium citrate 509mg/5ml oral solution

Phosphatase that can use myo-inositol monophosphates, myo-inositol 1,4-diphosphate, scyllo-inositol-1,4-diphosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, beta-glycerophosphate and 2'-AMP as substrates in vitro .
PMID:17068342
It is likely that IMPA2 has an as yet unidentified in vivo substrate(s) .
PMID:17068342
Has been implicated as the pharmacological target for lithium (Li(+)) action in brain PMID:17068342

Phosphatase involved in the dephosphorylation of myo-inositol monophosphates to generate myo-inositol .
PMID:17068342 PMID:8718889 PMID:9462881

Is also able to dephosphorylate scyllo-inositol-phosphate, myo-inositol 1,4-diphosphate, scyllo-inositol-1,3-diphosphate and scyllo-inositol-1,4-diphosphate .
PMID:17068342
Also dephosphorylates in vitro other sugar-phosphates including D-galactose-1-phosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-1-phosphate, beta-glycerophosphate and 2'-AMP .
PMID:17068342 PMID:8718889 PMID:9462881

Responsible for the provision of inositol required for synthesis of phosphatidylinositols and polyphosphoinositides, and involved in maintaining normal brain function .
PMID:26416544 PMID:8718889
Has been implicated as the pharmacological target for lithium (Li(+)) action in brain, which is used to treat bipolar affective disorder .
PMID:17068342
Is equally active with 1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate, 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate and D-galactose 1-phosphate PMID:9462881

Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), EIF2B, CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC, AXIN1, DPYSL2/CRMP2, JUN, NFATC1/NFATC, MAPT/TAU and MACF1 .
PMID:11430833 PMID:12554650 PMID:14690523 PMID:16484495 PMID:1846781 PMID:20937854 PMID:9072970

Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates .
PMID:11430833 PMID:16484495
In skeletal muscle, contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis .
PMID:8397507
May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors .
PMID:8397507
Regulates protein synthesis by controlling the activity of initiation factor 2B (EIF2BE/EIF2B5) in the same manner as glycogen synthase .
PMID:8397507
In Wnt signaling, GSK3B forms a multimeric complex with APC, AXIN1 and CTNNB1/beta-catenin and phosphorylates the N-terminus of CTNNB1 leading to its degradation mediated by ubiquitin/proteasomes .
PMID:12554650
Phosphorylates JUN at sites proximal to its DNA-binding domain, thereby reducing its affinity for DNA .
PMID:1846781
Phosphorylates NFATC1/NFATC on conserved serine residues promoting NFATC1/NFATC nuclear export, shutting off NFATC1/NFATC gene regulation, and thereby opposing the action of calcineurin .
PMID:9072970
Phosphorylates MAPT/TAU on 'Thr-548', decreasing significantly MAPT/TAU ability to bind and stabilize microtubules .
PMID:14690523
MAPT/TAU is the principal component of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease .
PMID:14690523
Plays an important role in ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex .
PMID:20937854
Phosphorylates MACF1, inhibiting its binding to microtubules which is critical for its role in bulge stem cell migration and skin wound repair (By similarity). Probably regulates NF-kappa-B (NFKB1) at the transcriptional level and is required for the NF-kappa-B-mediated anti-apoptotic response to TNF-alpha (TNF/TNFA) (By similarity). Negatively regulates replication in pancreatic beta-cells, resulting in apoptosis, loss of beta-cells and diabetes (By similarity).

Through phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, may control cell apoptosis in response to growth factors deprivation (By similarity). Phosphorylates MUC1 in breast cancer cells, decreasing the interaction of MUC1 with CTNNB1/beta-catenin .
PMID:9819408
Is necessary for the establishment of neuronal polarity and axon outgrowth .
PMID:20067585
Phosphorylates MARK2, leading to inhibition of its activity (By similarity). Phosphorylates SIK1 at 'Thr-182', leading to sustainment of its activity .
PMID:18348280
Phosphorylates ZC3HAV1 which enhances its antiviral activity .
PMID:22514281
Phosphorylates SNAI1, leading to its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation .
PMID:15448698 PMID:15647282 PMID:25827072 PMID:29059170

Phosphorylates SFPQ at 'Thr-687' upon T-cell activation .
PMID:20932480
Phosphorylates NR1D1 st 'Ser-55' and 'Ser-59' and stabilizes it by protecting it from proteasomal degradation.

Regulates the circadian clock via phosphorylation of the major clock components including BMAL1, CLOCK and PER2 .
PMID:19946213 PMID:28903391
Phosphorylates FBXL2 at 'Thr-404' and primes it for ubiquitination by the SCF(FBXO3) complex and proteasomal degradation (By similarity). Phosphorylates CLOCK AT 'Ser-427' and targets it for proteasomal degradation .
PMID:19946213
Phosphorylates BMAL1 at 'Ser-17' and 'Ser-21' and primes it for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation .
PMID:28903391
Phosphorylates OGT at 'Ser-3' or 'Ser-4' which positively regulates its activity. Phosphorylates MYCN in neuroblastoma cells which may promote its degradation .
PMID:24391509
Regulates the circadian rhythmicity of hippocampal long-term potentiation and BMAL1 and PER2 expression (By similarity).

Acts as a regulator of autophagy by mediating phosphorylation of KAT5/TIP60 under starvation conditions, activating KAT5/TIP60 acetyltransferase activity and promoting acetylation of key autophagy regulators, such as ULK1 and RUBCNL/Pacer .
PMID:30704899
Negatively regulates extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors. Promotes the formation of an anti-apoptotic complex, made of DDX3X, BRIC2 and GSK3B, at death receptors, including TNFRSF10B. The anti-apoptotic function is most effective with weak apoptotic signals and can be overcome by stronger stimulation .
PMID:18846110
Phosphorylates E2F1, promoting the interaction between E2F1 and USP11, stabilizing E2F1 and promoting its activity .
PMID:17050006 PMID:28992046
Phosphorylates mTORC2 complex component RICTOR at 'Ser-1235' in response to endoplasmic stress, inhibiting mTORC2 .
PMID:21343617
Phosphorylates mTORC2 complex component RICTOR at 'Thr-1695' which facilitates FBXW7-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of RICTOR .
PMID:25897075
Phosphorylates FXR1, promoting FXR1 ubiquitination by the SCF(FBXO4) complex and FXR1 degradation by the proteasome (By similarity).

Phosphorylates interleukin-22 receptor subunit IL22RA1, preventing its proteasomal degradation (By similarity)

Ionotropic glutamate receptor that functions as a ligand-gated cation channel, gated by L-glutamate and glutamatergic agonists such as alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), quisqualic acid, and kainic acid (By similarity). L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system and plays an important role in fast excitatory synaptic transmission by inducing long-term potentiation (By similarity). Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse upon entry of calcium .
PMID:17989220
The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist .
PMID:17989220
In the presence of CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate PMID:21172611