Liquid paraffin / Magnesium hydroxide oral emulsion sugar free

BackgroundHypertension, the first global modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality, is a consequential and remediable threat to the health of individuals and society. Therefore, we conducted this study to explore the role of calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg++), and vitamin D (Vit-D) supplementation as complementary therapies for hypertension, focusing on their effects on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse rate.MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis examined relevant 6509 articles in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL up to October 2024. The primary outcome was the difference in blood pressure measurements (systolic and diastolic) and the pulse rate. The extracted data were analyzed using Open Meta Analyst software.ResultsThis systematic review and meta-analysis included 40 studies; of them, 24 studies were analyzed. Ca++ was associated with a significant drop in the DBP (MD: -2.04, 95% CI [-3.39, -0.69], P = 0.01), but not in the SBP (P = 0.34) or pulse rate (P = 0.84). Mg++ significantly reduced DBP (MD: -1.64, 95% CI [-3.19, -0.09], P = 0.04), but had no significant effect on the SBP (P = 0.16) or pulse rate (P = 0.81). The estimated effect of Vit-D showed a significant reduction in SBP (MD: -2.83, 95% CI [-5.47, -0.199], P = 0.04) and DBP (MD: -1.64, 95% CI [-2.97, -0.3], P = 0.01).ConclusionCa++ and Mg++ significantly reduced DBP but had no significant effect on SBP or the pulse rate. Whereas, vitamin D significantly reduced SBP and DBP.

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BackgroundThere has been a substantial increase in studies on functional constipation in children as new therapies are deployed. We aimed to provide an up-to-date, methodologically robust systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of pharmacological therapies for functional constipation in children.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane library from inception to Feb 5, 2025. We included randomised controlled trials that involved children aged 0 years to younger than 18 years with functional constipation treated with pharmacological interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other interventions and with at least a 2-week follow-up period. Studies were excluded if there was no definition of functional constipation, children with organic causes for constipation or previous bowel surgery were included, children with faecal incontinence without the presence of constipation were included, or the aim of treatment was faecal disimpaction rather than maintenance therapy. Pairs of authors independently extracted summary data from published reports and critiqued studies. We assessed risk of bias with the Cochrane tool. Meta-analyses estimated risk ratios (RRs) or mean differences, and 95% CIs. Certainty of evidence was established with GRADE. Our main outcomes were treatment success (as defined by study authors), defecation frequency, and withdrawals due to adverse events. This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022368719).FindingsOur search identified 4595 articles, of which 59 randomised controlled trials were included, representing 7045 participants with functional constipation. Interventions included polyethylene glycol (n=36 studies), lactulose (n=18), magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide (n=7), picosulfate (n=1), liquid paraffin (n=4), prucalopride (n=1), lubiprostone (n=2), linaclotide (n=3), plecanatide (n=1), enemas (n=2), and domperidone (n=1). Meta-analyses for treatment success showed that polyethylene glycol was probably more effective than placebo (RR 1·74 [95% CI 1·25-2·41], moderate certainty of evidence) and may be more effective than lactulose (1·35 [1·11-1·64], low certainty of evidence). There might be no difference in treatment success for linaclotide compared with placebo (1·21 [0·69-2·13], low certainty of evidence), but linaclotide probably leads to higher defecation frequency per week (mean difference 1·10 [95% CI 0·40-1·80], moderate certainty of evidence). There is low to moderate certainty evidence that prucalopride is not more effective than placebo (RR 1·68 [95% CI 0·77 to 3·68]).InterpretationPolyethylene glycol is probably more effective than placebo and key comparator therapies and should be considered the standard of first-line care. Future studies should consider polyethylene glycol as an index therapy, and clearly describe methods, patient characteristics, and previous therapeutics.FundingNone.

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Aim: We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Shenqu Xiaoshi Oral Liquid in the treatment of functional constipation in children. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted from inception to 20 October 2025, across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Chinese VIP Information Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang Med Database. For quantitative analysis, the mean difference (MD) was used for continuous outcomes and the risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous outcomes. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 13 software. Results: Eight studies involving 692 pediatric patients were included (Shenqu Xiaoshi Oral Liquid group: 345; control group: 347). Compared to the control group, Shenqu Xiaoshi Oral Liquid demonstrated superior clinical effectiveness [RR = 1.36, 95% CI: (1.25, 1.47); z = 7.11, p p = 0.03]. Both the post-treatment [WMD = -0.91, 95% CI: (-0.97, -0.86); z = 31.94, p p p = 0.23]. Furthermore, serum levels of motilin [WMD = 41.66, 95% CI: (34.17, 49.16); z = 10.90, p p = 0.005] were significantly higher in the Shenqu Xiaoshi Oral Liquid group. Conclusions: Shenqu Xiaoshi Oral Liquid shows favorable clinical efficacy and an acceptable safety profile for treating functional constipation in children. However, these outcome measures are influenced by the limited sample size and potential heterogeneity of the included studies, warranting cautious interpretation of the results.

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Polymer compounds have become a popular choice for the synthesis of novel products and are being used in cementitious mixtures principally for altering the properties in the fresh state and as repair materials. These polymers are used in various combinations. Their interaction with cement is worth studying because its hydration, followed by setting and hardening, is the primary phenomenon contributing to the strength gain and performance of concrete. This paper summarizes the effects of different polymers on the hydration of cement and the properties of concrete/mortar. Studies have established that the incorporation of polymers as a workability enhancing admixture or for improving strength, durability, and other properties severely affects the early hydration of cement and reduces the overall strength gain in most cases. The hydration retarding effect depends on the charge, architecture, and the amount (wt %) of polymer added. However, owing to the densification of the interfacial transition zone and formation of polymer films/bridges between stacks of calcium hydroxide surfaces and air, the later age properties show beneficial effects such as higher flexural strength, enhanced compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity, better resistance against frost, and corrosion of steel reinforcement. Further, it is seen that the hydration retardation may be mitigated to some extent by the addition of silica fume or zeolite; using a defoaming agent; curing at high temperatures; and following a combination of wet, moist, and dry curing regimes. This review is expected to be helpful to all practicing civil engineers who are the immediate users of these chemicals and are working to achieve quality concrete construction.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

As the lightest structural materials among practical metals, magnesium (Mg) alloys have broad application prospects in various fields, including automobiles, electronics, communications, aerospace and biomaterials. However, the main problem currently limiting their industrial application is poor corrosion resistance. Therefore, improving the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys has important practical value and significance. As a type of two-dimensional nanomaterial, layered double hydroxide (LDH) can serve as a micro/nanocarrier for corrosion inhibitors. Through applying LDH to constructing an in situ intelligent protective film on the surface of Mg alloy, the poor corrosion resistance of Mg alloy surfaces can be effectively improved. This paper aims to introduce the structure and properties of LDH films and provide a detailed analysis of the preparation methods and characteristics of LDH films on Mg alloy. Based on summarizing the research progress in the functional modification of LDH films for self-healing, superhydrophobic, slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) and wear-resistant coatings, the future development directions and existing challenges are discussed.

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