Liquid paraffin light 85.09% bath oil

BackgroundActivating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are key drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other solid tumours, predicting responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Tumour heterogeneity alongside sampling and technical factors may contribute to discordant EGFR status across biopsies, complicating treatment decisions. However, systematic evidence on prevalence and drivers of discordance remains limited.MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024615727). MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus (2004-2024) were searched for studies reporting EGFR mutation discordance in adult solid tumours. Eligible studies compared primary and metastatic tumours (tissue-tissue), tissue and liquid biopsies (tissue-liquid), or different liquid biopsies. Data extraction and QUADAS-2 risk of bias assessment were performed independently. Discordance proportions were analysed on the logit scale with Haldane-Anscombe correction when needed. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted using the Paule-Mandel estimator with Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman confidence intervals. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were used to estimate pooled discordance and explore potential predictors.ResultsA total of 154 studies (15,560 patients) predominantly involving NSCLC were included. The pooled discordance rate was 16.1% (95% confidence interval 14.2-18.2). Rates were similar for tissue-tissue (16.8%) and tissue-liquid (15.5%), but higher for liquid-liquid (34.0%). Plasma was the most-studied liquid source (16.5%), while cerebrospinal fluid showed the highest discordance (35.5%). Prior TKI exposure was associated with higher discordance (25.8%) compared with treatment-naive patients (14.6%; p = 0.003). Patients who later developed resistance also had higher baseline discordance (21.0% vs 15.0%; p = 0.042). Discordance varied by metastatic site, from 15.1% in lymph nodes to 17.9% in brain/central nervous system. Meta-regression identified TKI exposure, resistance, and mutation prevalence as predictors.ConclusionsEGFR mutation discordance is common and clinically relevant, particularly in NSCLC, but varies substantially by sampling strategy, biofluid, treatment context, and metastatic site. Given the high between-study heterogeneity and the predominance of NSCLC and Asian cohorts, pooled estimates should be interpreted as descriptive summaries rather than universally generalisable benchmarks. These findings support integrated and context-aware sampling strategies for EGFR-targeted therapy and resistance monitoring.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC

The global population explosion and accelerated industrialization have led to an increasing shortage of fossil fuels and environmental contamination, underscoring the urgent need to develop innovative energy storage technologies to improve energy utilization efficiency. As pivotal components in thermal energy storage (TES) systems, phase change materials (PCMs) enable spatiotemporal matching between thermal energy supply and demand through latent heat absorption and release during phase transitions. Organic PCMs are considered ideal candidates for thermal energy storage due to their high energy storage density, stable phase transition temperature, low supercooling, and negligible phase separation. However, inherent drawbacks such as low thermal conductivity, liquid leakage, limited light absorption, and lack of functionality have hindered their widespread application in advanced thermal management systems. Herein, we systematically summarize cutting-edge functionalization strategies for PCMs, progressing from conventional methods like thermal conductive particle blending and microencapsulation to the emerging design of 3D porous thermally conductive skeletons, including metal foams, boron nitride aerogels, carbon-based aerogels, and MXene aerogels. These frameworks not only enhance thermal transport via continuous conductive pathways and impart shape stability through capillary encapsulation but also, when integrated with photo-thermal, electro-thermal, and magneto-thermal conversion properties, enable broad applications in solar photo-thermal/photo-thermo-electric conversion, thermal management of electronics and batteries, building efficiency, and wearable thermal regulation. The review further addresses current challenges and future directions, highlighting scalable 3D framework fabrication, the shift to active thermal management, and innovative applications beyond conventional domains. By establishing a microstructure-property-application correlation, this work provides valuable insights for developing next-generation high-performance multifunctional phase change composites.

Abstract licence: CC BY