Liothyronine 10microgram capsules
Prescription only
Requires a prescription from a doctor or prescriber
Capsule
Oral
Liothyronine is a thyroidal hormone T3 which is normally produced by the thyroid gland in a ratio 4:1 when compared with T4: T3.
Active ingredients:
Liothyronine
No active safety alerts
Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
Report a side effect
Submit a Yellow Card report to the MHRA
Official medicine documents
Source: MHRA Products DatabaseOGL 3.0
Updated 3 months ago(16 Jan 2026)Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
MHRA
The MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of suspected side effects from healthcare professionals and patients. View the Drug Analysis Profile (iDAP) for real-world adverse reaction data.
View Drug Analysis Profile
Suspected adverse reactions reported for Liothyronine
Browse all iDAP reports
Interactive Drug Analysis Profiles for all medicines
Report a side effect
Submit a Yellow Card report to the MHRA
Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
EMA
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) collects suspected adverse reaction reports from across the EU/EEA through the EudraVigilance system. Search for safety data on this medicine.
View EudraVigilance report
Suspected adverse reactions reported for Liothyronine
About EudraVigilance
Learn about EU pharmacovigilance and safety monitoring
EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
3 branded products available
Show details
3 products
MHRA licensed products
View all licensed products for Liothyronine on the MHRA register
Liothyronine 10microgram capsules
Liothyronine 10microgram capsules
Show details
£65.00indicative price
This is the NHS Drug Tariff indicative price used for reimbursement purposes. It may not reflect the price paid by patients or pharmacies.
View full Drug TariffSource: NHS Drug Tariff via NHSBSA. Derived from dm+d VMPP (Virtual Medicinal Product Pack) pricing data. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
WHO defined daily dose (DDD)
60 microgram
Not a recommended dose. The DDD is the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults. It is a statistical measure used for research and comparison purposes only.
Source: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, distributed via NHS dm+d BNF mapping files. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Therapeutically similar medicines
Show details
Liothyronine 10micrograms/ml oral solution sugar free
Oral solution
Same therapeutic group
Liothyronine 10micrograms/ml oral solution
Oral solution
Same therapeutic group
Levothyroxine sodium 200micrograms/1ml solution for injection ampoules
Injection
1ml
Same therapeutic group
Liothyronine 5microgram capsules
Capsule
Same therapeutic group
Liothyronine 20microgram capsules
Capsule
Same therapeutic group
Similarity based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and NHS BNF section grouping. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
Show details
Loading prescribing data...
Clinical guidelines and formulary information
British National Formulary
Liothyronine
BNF
Drug monograph — bnf.nice.org.ukSource: British National Formulary, NICE. Joint Formulary Committee. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
NICE clinical guidance(2)
Thyroid disease: assessment and management (NG145)
NG145
NICE guideline
Updated Oct 2023Depression in adults: treatment and management (NG222)
NG222
NICE guideline
Updated Jun 2022Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
Show details
Pharmacy stock checkers
Search for this medicine at major UK pharmacy chains. These links open the retailer's own website — results depend on their current online catalogue.
Supply & product information
Official product databases and supply status monitoring
Pharmacy links redirect to the retailer's own search and do not represent real-time stock levels. emc (electronic medicines compendium) is operated by Datapharm Ltd. Shortage information sourced from NHS Specialist Pharmacy Service (SPS), sps.nhs.uk.
Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
Show details
These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
Browse tools
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF codes from NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA). ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
Show details
Searching UK clinical trials...
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
None known
Half-life
2 days
Mechanism
Liothyronine replaces endogenous thyroid hormone and then exerts its physiologic…
Food interactions
1 warning
Human targets
3 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
346 ng/dL
Thyroid hormones are well absorbed orally. From these hormones, liothyronine is almost completely absorbed and it does not present changes in…
Half-life
2 days
The half-life of liothyronine is reported to be between 1 and 2 days.T460
Protein binding
99.7%
Liothyronine presents a very large binding to plasma proteins and around 99.7%…
Volume of distribution
0.1-0.2 L/kg
The reported volume of distribution of liothyronine is reported to be of 0.1-0.2 L/kg.T122
Metabolism
Liothyronine is mainly metabolized in the liver where it is deiodinated to diiodothyronine and monoiodothyronine followed by conjugation with glucuronides and sulfates.
[L5587]…
[L5587]…
Elimination
2.5%
The main elimination of thyroid hormones is known to be done via the kidneys from which less than 2.5%…
Clearance
There are no reports obtaining this value specifically.
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Status:
Approved
Investigational
Vet approved
Small molecule
About this compound
Liothyronine is a thyroidal hormone T3 which is normally produced by the thyroid gland in a ratio 4:1 when compared with T4: T3. Liothyronine is the active form of thyroxine which is composed in a basic chemical structure by a tyrosine with bound iodine.T457 The exogenous liothyronine product was developed by King Pharmaceuticals and FDA approved in 1956.[L5578]
Properties:
View FDA drug labelsolid
Avg. mass: 650.97 Da
DrugBank indication
Liothyronine is officially approved for the following indications:
- Replacement therapy in primary (thyroidal), secondary (pituitary) and tertiary (hypothalamic) congenital or acquired hypothyroidism.
- As an adjunct therapy to surgery and radioiodine in the management of thyroid cancer.
- As a diagnostic agent in suppression tests for mild hyperthyroidism or thyroid gland autonomy.[FDA label]
In general terms, exogenous liothyronine is used to replace insufficient hormonal production and restore T3 plasma levels.T457
The lack of liothyronine can be presented as a pale and puffy face, coarse, brittle hair, dry skin, croaky voice and constipation as well as irregular periods, drowsiness, and lethargy.T457
Liothyronine should never be used in the suppression of benign nodules and nontoxic diffuse goiter in iodine-sufficient patients nor in the treatment of hyperthyroidism during the recovery phase of subacute thyroiditis.[FDA label]
- Replacement therapy in primary (thyroidal), secondary (pituitary) and tertiary (hypothalamic) congenital or acquired hypothyroidism.
- As an adjunct therapy to surgery and radioiodine in the management of thyroid cancer.
- As a diagnostic agent in suppression tests for mild hyperthyroidism or thyroid gland autonomy.[FDA label]
In general terms, exogenous liothyronine is used to replace insufficient hormonal production and restore T3 plasma levels.T457
The lack of liothyronine can be presented as a pale and puffy face, coarse, brittle hair, dry skin, croaky voice and constipation as well as irregular periods, drowsiness, and lethargy.T457
Liothyronine should never be used in the suppression of benign nodules and nontoxic diffuse goiter in iodine-sufficient patients nor in the treatment of hyperthyroidism during the recovery phase of subacute thyroiditis.[FDA label]
Also known as(154)
3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine
3,5,3'-Triiodo-L-thyronine
3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine
4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodo-L-phenylalanine
L-3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine
L-T3
Liothyronine
Liothyroninum
Dosage forms(15)
Tablet (Oral) — 25 mcg
Tablet (Oral) — 25 ug/1
Tablet (Oral) — 5 mcg
Tablet (Oral) — 5 ug/1
Injection, solution (Intravenous) — 10 ug/1mL
Tablet (Oral) — 50 ug/1
Solution (Oral) — 10 MCG/ML
Solution (Oral) — 15 MCG/ML
Molecular properties(19)
Drug interactions(1301)
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Succinic acid
Unknown severity
The excretion of Succinic acid can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Citrulline
Unknown severity
The excretion of Citrulline can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Pravastatin
Unknown severity
The excretion of Pravastatin can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Aminohippuric acid
Unknown severity
The excretion of Aminohippuric acid can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Zidovudine
Unknown severity
The excretion of Zidovudine can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
The excretion of Cefdinir can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Leucovorin
Unknown severity
The excretion of Leucovorin can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Fluorescein
Unknown severity
The excretion of Fluorescein can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Hydrocortisone
Unknown severity
The excretion of Hydrocortisone can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
The excretion of Quinapril can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Dinoprostone
Unknown severity
The excretion of Dinoprostone can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Famotidine
Unknown severity
The excretion of Famotidine can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Fexofenadine
Unknown severity
The excretion of Fexofenadine can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Benzylpenicillin
Unknown severity
The excretion of Benzylpenicillin can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
The excretion of Captopril can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Tazobactam
Unknown severity
The excretion of Tazobactam can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Unknown severity
The excretion of Cyclic adenosine monophosphate can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Cholic Acid
Unknown severity
The excretion of Cholic Acid can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Glutaric Acid
Unknown severity
The excretion of Glutaric Acid can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Oxalic Acid
Unknown severity
The excretion of Oxalic Acid can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Taurocholic acid
Unknown severity
The excretion of Taurocholic acid can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Ellagic acid
Unknown severity
The excretion of Ellagic acid can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
The excretion of Avibactam can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Eluxadoline
Unknown severity
The excretion of Eluxadoline can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Relebactam
Unknown severity
The excretion of Relebactam can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Rosuvastatin
Unknown severity
The excretion of Rosuvastatin can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
The excretion of Cefotiam can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Tenofovir disoproxil
Unknown severity
The excretion of Tenofovir disoproxil can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Indomethacin
Unknown severity
The excretion of Indomethacin can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Methotrexate
Unknown severity
The excretion of Methotrexate can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Cephalexin
Unknown severity
The excretion of Cephalexin can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Valaciclovir
Unknown severity
The excretion of Valaciclovir can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
The excretion of Acyclovir can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
The excretion of Cefaclor can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Hydrochlorothiazide
Unknown severity
The excretion of Hydrochlorothiazide can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
The excretion of Cefazolin can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Ceftizoxime
Unknown severity
The excretion of Ceftizoxime can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Cefacetrile
Unknown severity
The excretion of Cefacetrile can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Ceftibuten
Unknown severity
The excretion of Ceftibuten can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Cefaloridine
Unknown severity
The excretion of Cefaloridine can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Tenofovir alafenamide
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Tenofovir alafenamide can be increased when it is combined with Liothyronine.
The excretion of Tenofovir can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Oseltamivir
Unknown severity
The excretion of Oseltamivir can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Piperacillin
Unknown severity
The excretion of Piperacillin can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Trifluridine
Unknown severity
The excretion of Trifluridine can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Allopurinol
Unknown severity
The excretion of Allopurinol can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Cimetidine
Unknown severity
The excretion of Cimetidine can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Levocarnitine
Unknown severity
The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Tetracycline
Unknown severity
The excretion of Tetracycline can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Ranitidine
Unknown severity
The excretion of Ranitidine can be decreased when combined with Liothyronine.
Showing 50 of 1301 interactions
Food & lifestyle interactions
Advice
Take with or without food.
Toxicity & overdose
The reported oral LD50 of liothyronine in the rat is higher than 4540 mg/kg. When overdosage is registered, symptoms of hyperthyroidism are reported as well as confusion, disorientation, cerebral embolism, seizure, shock, coma, and death. The symptoms of overdose can be presented immediately or several days after overdose ingestion.
In an overdose state, reduce the dose of liothyronine and do supportive treatment.[FDA label]
There are no reports studying the carcinogenic, and mutagenic potential nor on the effects of liothyronine on fertility.[FDA label]
In an overdose state, reduce the dose of liothyronine and do supportive treatment.[FDA label]
There are no reports studying the carcinogenic, and mutagenic potential nor on the effects of liothyronine on fertility.[FDA label]
How it works
Mechanism of action
Liothyronine replaces endogenous thyroid hormone and then exerts its physiologic effects by controlling DNA transcription and protein synthesis. This effect on DNA is obtained by the binding of liothyronine to the thyroid receptors attached to DNA. Exogenous liothyronine exerts all the normal effects of the endogenous thyroid T3 hormone. Hence, it increases energy expenditure, accelerates the rate of cellular oxidation stimulating growth, maturation, and metabolism of the body tissues, aids in myelination of nerves and development of synaptic processes in the nervous system and enhances carbohydrate and protein metabolism.T276
Pharmacodynamics
In hormonal replacement, liothyronine is more potent and present a faster action when compared to levothyroxine but the time of action is significantly shorter. The type of treatment needs to be well evaluated as the fast correction of thyroid hormones in certain diseases presents additional risks such as heart failure.T457 The onset of activity is observed a few hours after administration and the maximum effect is observed after 2-3 days.[FDA label]
Treatment with liothyronine has been shown to produce normal plasma levels of T3 hormone but to have no effect on the T4 plasma concentration.T463
Treatment with liothyronine has been shown to produce normal plasma levels of T3 hormone but to have no effect on the T4 plasma concentration.T463
Pharmacokinetics
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Absorption
Thyroid hormones are well absorbed orally. From these hormones, liothyronine is almost completely absorbed and it does not present changes in the absorption rate due to concomitant administration of food.T322liothyronin Multiple administration of 50 mcg of liothyronine provided a maximal plasma concentration of total T3 of 346 ng/dL in about 2.5 hours with an AUC of 4740 ng.h/dL.
[A175435]
[A175435]
Half-life
The half-life of liothyronine is reported to be between 1 and 2 days.T460
Protein binding
Liothyronine presents a very large binding to plasma proteins and around 99.7% of the administered dose can be found bound.T460 Liothyronine is found to be bound to thyroxine-binding globulin, thyroxine-binding prealbumin and albumin. It is important to consider that only the little unbound portion of liothyronine is metabolically active.
[L5587]
[L5587]
Volume of distribution
The reported volume of distribution of liothyronine is reported to be of 0.1-0.2 L/kg.T122
Metabolism
Liothyronine is mainly metabolized in the liver where it is deiodinated to diiodothyronine and monoiodothyronine followed by conjugation with glucuronides and sulfates.
[L5587]
One of the formed metabolites formed by the conjugation and decarboxylation is tiratricol. The iodine released by the metabolism of liothyronine is later taken and used within the thyroid cells.T122
[L5587]
One of the formed metabolites formed by the conjugation and decarboxylation is tiratricol. The iodine released by the metabolism of liothyronine is later taken and used within the thyroid cells.T122
Route of elimination
The main elimination of thyroid hormones is known to be done via the kidneys from which less than 2.5% of the excreted drug is represented by the unchanged drug. This elimination route is reduced with age. A portion of the metabolic products of liothyronine is excreted to the bile and gut where they can be part of enterohepatic recirculation.
[L5587]
[L5587]
Clearance
There are no reports obtaining this value specifically.
Drug targets(3)
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha
THRA
agonist
Specific functionchromatin DNA binding
Cellular location
Nucleus
General function & pharmacology
Nuclear hormone receptor that can act as a repressor or activator of transcription. High affinity receptor for thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine and thyroxine
Thyroid hormone receptor beta
THRB
agonist
Specific functionchromatin DNA binding
Cellular location
Nucleus
General function & pharmacology
Nuclear hormone receptor that can act as a repressor or activator of transcription. High affinity receptor for thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine and thyroxine
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
PCNA
antagonist
Specific functionchromatin binding
Cellular location
Nucleus
General function & pharmacology
Auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and epsilon, is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase's processibility during elongation of the leading strand .
PMID:35585232
Induces a robust stimulatory effect on the 3'-5' exonuclease and 3'-phosphodiesterase, but not apurinic-apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, APEX2 activities. Has to be loaded onto DNA in order to be able to stimulate APEX2. Plays a key role in DNA damage response (DDR) by being conveniently positioned at the replication fork to coordinate DNA replication with DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance pathways .
PMID:24939902
Acts as a loading platform to recruit DDR proteins that allow completion of DNA replication after DNA damage and promote postreplication repair: Monoubiquitinated PCNA leads to recruitment of translesion (TLS) polymerases, while 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of PCNA is involved in error-free pathway and employs recombination mechanisms to synthesize across the lesion PMID:24695737
PMID:35585232
Induces a robust stimulatory effect on the 3'-5' exonuclease and 3'-phosphodiesterase, but not apurinic-apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, APEX2 activities. Has to be loaded onto DNA in order to be able to stimulate APEX2. Plays a key role in DNA damage response (DDR) by being conveniently positioned at the replication fork to coordinate DNA replication with DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance pathways .
PMID:24939902
Acts as a loading platform to recruit DDR proteins that allow completion of DNA replication after DNA damage and promote postreplication repair: Monoubiquitinated PCNA leads to recruitment of translesion (TLS) polymerases, while 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of PCNA is involved in error-free pathway and employs recombination mechanisms to synthesize across the lesion PMID:24695737
Metabolizing enzymes(1)
Enzymes involved in drug metabolism — important for understanding drug interactions
Enzyme activity key
substrate
inhibitor
inducer
UGT1A1UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1
substrate
Transporters(11)
Proteins that transport this drug across cell membranes
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2
SLCO1A2
substrate
Specific functionbile acid transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Na(+)-independent transporter that mediates the cellular uptake of a broad range of organic anions such as the endogenous bile salts cholate and deoxycholate, either in their unconjugated or conjugated forms (taurocholate and glycocholate), at the plasmam membrane .
PMID:19129463 PMID:7557095
Responsible for intestinal absorption of bile acids (By similarity). Transports dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate (DHEAS), a major circulating steroid secreted by the adrenal cortex, as well as estrone 3-sulfate and 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate) .
PMID:11159893 PMID:12568656 PMID:19129463 PMID:23918469 PMID:25560245 PMID:9539145
Mediates apical uptake of all-trans-retinol (atROL) across human retinal pigment epithelium, which is essential to maintaining the integrity of the visual cycle and thus vision .
PMID:25560245
Involved in the uptake of clinically used drugs .
PMID:17301733 PMID:20686826 PMID:27777271
Capable of thyroid hormone transport (both T3 or 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine, and T4 or L-tyroxine) .
PMID:19129463 PMID:20358049
Also transports prostaglandin E2 .
PMID:19129463
Plays roles in blood-brain and -cerebrospinal fluid barrier transport of organic anions and signal mediators, and in hormone uptake by neural cells (By similarity). May also play a role in the reuptake of neuropeptides such as substance P/TAC1 and vasoactive intestinal peptide/VIP released from retinal neurons .
PMID:25132355
May play an important role in plasma and tissue distribution of the structurally diverse chemotherapeutic drugs methotrexate and paclitaxel .
PMID:23243220
Shows a pH-sensitive substrate specificity which may be ascribed to the protonation state of the binding site and leads to a stimulation of substrate transport in an acidic microenvironment .
PMID:19129463
Hydrogencarbonate/HCO3(-) acts as the probable counteranion that exchanges for organic anions .
PMID:19129463
May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testis across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable)
PMID:19129463 PMID:7557095
Responsible for intestinal absorption of bile acids (By similarity). Transports dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate (DHEAS), a major circulating steroid secreted by the adrenal cortex, as well as estrone 3-sulfate and 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate) .
PMID:11159893 PMID:12568656 PMID:19129463 PMID:23918469 PMID:25560245 PMID:9539145
Mediates apical uptake of all-trans-retinol (atROL) across human retinal pigment epithelium, which is essential to maintaining the integrity of the visual cycle and thus vision .
PMID:25560245
Involved in the uptake of clinically used drugs .
PMID:17301733 PMID:20686826 PMID:27777271
Capable of thyroid hormone transport (both T3 or 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine, and T4 or L-tyroxine) .
PMID:19129463 PMID:20358049
Also transports prostaglandin E2 .
PMID:19129463
Plays roles in blood-brain and -cerebrospinal fluid barrier transport of organic anions and signal mediators, and in hormone uptake by neural cells (By similarity). May also play a role in the reuptake of neuropeptides such as substance P/TAC1 and vasoactive intestinal peptide/VIP released from retinal neurons .
PMID:25132355
May play an important role in plasma and tissue distribution of the structurally diverse chemotherapeutic drugs methotrexate and paclitaxel .
PMID:23243220
Shows a pH-sensitive substrate specificity which may be ascribed to the protonation state of the binding site and leads to a stimulation of substrate transport in an acidic microenvironment .
PMID:19129463
Hydrogencarbonate/HCO3(-) acts as the probable counteranion that exchanges for organic anions .
PMID:19129463
May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testis across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable)
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
SLCO1B1
substrate
Specific functionbile acid transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular location
Basolateral cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions .
PMID:10358072 PMID:15159445 PMID:17412826
Shows broad substrate specificity, can transport both organic anions such as bile acid taurocholate (cholyltaurine) and conjugated steroids (dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, and estrone 3-sulfate), as well as eicosanoids (prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, leukotriene C4, and leukotriene E4), and thyroid hormones (T4/L-thyroxine, and T3/3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine) .
PMID:10358072 PMID:10601278 PMID:10873595 PMID:11159893 PMID:12196548 PMID:12568656 PMID:15159445 PMID:15970799 PMID:16627748 PMID:17412826 PMID:19129463 PMID:26979622
Can take up bilirubin glucuronides from plasma into the liver, contributing to the detoxification-enhancing liver-blood shuttling loop .
PMID:22232210
Involved in the clearance of endogenous and exogenous substrates from the liver .
PMID:10358072 PMID:10601278
Transports coproporphyrin I and III, by-products of heme synthesis, and may be involved in their hepatic disposition .
PMID:26383540
May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable). Can transport HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (also known as statins), such as pravastatin and pitavastatin, a clinically important class of hypolipidemic drugs .
PMID:10601278 PMID:15159445 PMID:15970799
May play an important role in plasma and tissue distribution of the structurally diverse chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate .
PMID:23243220
May also transport antihypertension agents, such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prodrug enalapril, and the highly selective angiotensin II AT1-receptor antagonist valsartan, in the liver .
PMID:16624871 PMID:16627748
Shows a pH-sensitive substrate specificity towards prostaglandin E2 and T4 which may be ascribed to the protonation state of the binding site and leads to a stimulation of substrate transport in an acidic microenvironment .
PMID:19129463
Hydrogencarbonate/HCO3(-) acts as the probable counteranion that exchanges for organic anions PMID:19129463
PMID:10358072 PMID:15159445 PMID:17412826
Shows broad substrate specificity, can transport both organic anions such as bile acid taurocholate (cholyltaurine) and conjugated steroids (dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, and estrone 3-sulfate), as well as eicosanoids (prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, leukotriene C4, and leukotriene E4), and thyroid hormones (T4/L-thyroxine, and T3/3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine) .
PMID:10358072 PMID:10601278 PMID:10873595 PMID:11159893 PMID:12196548 PMID:12568656 PMID:15159445 PMID:15970799 PMID:16627748 PMID:17412826 PMID:19129463 PMID:26979622
Can take up bilirubin glucuronides from plasma into the liver, contributing to the detoxification-enhancing liver-blood shuttling loop .
PMID:22232210
Involved in the clearance of endogenous and exogenous substrates from the liver .
PMID:10358072 PMID:10601278
Transports coproporphyrin I and III, by-products of heme synthesis, and may be involved in their hepatic disposition .
PMID:26383540
May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable). Can transport HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (also known as statins), such as pravastatin and pitavastatin, a clinically important class of hypolipidemic drugs .
PMID:10601278 PMID:15159445 PMID:15970799
May play an important role in plasma and tissue distribution of the structurally diverse chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate .
PMID:23243220
May also transport antihypertension agents, such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prodrug enalapril, and the highly selective angiotensin II AT1-receptor antagonist valsartan, in the liver .
PMID:16624871 PMID:16627748
Shows a pH-sensitive substrate specificity towards prostaglandin E2 and T4 which may be ascribed to the protonation state of the binding site and leads to a stimulation of substrate transport in an acidic microenvironment .
PMID:19129463
Hydrogencarbonate/HCO3(-) acts as the probable counteranion that exchanges for organic anions PMID:19129463
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3
SLCO1B3
substrate
Specific functionbile acid transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular location
Basolateral cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions .
PMID:10779507 PMID:15159445 PMID:17412826
Shows broad substrate specificity, can transport both organic anions such as bile acid taurocholate (cholyltaurine) and conjugated steroids (17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and estrone 3-sulfate), as well as eicosanoid leukotriene C4, prostaglandin E2 and L-thyroxine (T4) .
PMID:10779507 PMID:11159893 PMID:12568656 PMID:15159445 PMID:17412826 PMID:19129463
Hydrogencarbonate/HCO3(-) acts as the probable counteranion that exchanges for organic anions .
PMID:19129463
Shows a pH-sensitive substrate specificity towards sulfated steroids, taurocholate and T4 which may be ascribed to the protonation state of the binding site and leads to a stimulation of substrate transport in an acidic microenvironment .
PMID:19129463
Involved in the clearance of bile acids and organic anions from the liver .
PMID:22232210
Can take up bilirubin glucuronides from plasma into the liver, contributing to the detoxification-enhancing liver-blood shuttling loop .
PMID:22232210
Transports coproporphyrin I and III, by-products of heme synthesis, and may be involved in their hepatic disposition .
PMID:26383540
May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable). Can transport HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (also known as statins) such as pitavastatin, a clinically important class of hypolipidemic drugs .
PMID:15159445
May play an important role in plasma and tissue distribution of the structurally diverse chemotherapeutic drugs methotrexate and paclitaxel .
PMID:23243220
May also transport antihypertension agents, such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prodrug enalapril, and the highly selective angiotensin II AT1-receptor antagonist valsartan, in the liver PMID:16624871 PMID:16627748
PMID:10779507 PMID:15159445 PMID:17412826
Shows broad substrate specificity, can transport both organic anions such as bile acid taurocholate (cholyltaurine) and conjugated steroids (17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and estrone 3-sulfate), as well as eicosanoid leukotriene C4, prostaglandin E2 and L-thyroxine (T4) .
PMID:10779507 PMID:11159893 PMID:12568656 PMID:15159445 PMID:17412826 PMID:19129463
Hydrogencarbonate/HCO3(-) acts as the probable counteranion that exchanges for organic anions .
PMID:19129463
Shows a pH-sensitive substrate specificity towards sulfated steroids, taurocholate and T4 which may be ascribed to the protonation state of the binding site and leads to a stimulation of substrate transport in an acidic microenvironment .
PMID:19129463
Involved in the clearance of bile acids and organic anions from the liver .
PMID:22232210
Can take up bilirubin glucuronides from plasma into the liver, contributing to the detoxification-enhancing liver-blood shuttling loop .
PMID:22232210
Transports coproporphyrin I and III, by-products of heme synthesis, and may be involved in their hepatic disposition .
PMID:26383540
May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable). Can transport HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (also known as statins) such as pitavastatin, a clinically important class of hypolipidemic drugs .
PMID:15159445
May play an important role in plasma and tissue distribution of the structurally diverse chemotherapeutic drugs methotrexate and paclitaxel .
PMID:23243220
May also transport antihypertension agents, such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prodrug enalapril, and the highly selective angiotensin II AT1-receptor antagonist valsartan, in the liver PMID:16624871 PMID:16627748
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1
SLCO4C1
substrate
Specific functionorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular location
Basolateral cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Mediates the transport of organic anions such as steroids (estrone 3-sulfate, chenodeoxycholate, glycocholate) and thyroid hormones (3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), L-thyroxine (T4)), in the kidney .
PMID:14993604 PMID:19129463 PMID:20610891
Capable of transporting cAMP and pharmacological substances such as digoxin, ouabain and methotrexate .
PMID:14993604
Transport is independent of sodium, chloride ion, and ATP .
PMID:14993604
Transport activity is stimulated by an acidic extracellular environment due to increased substrate affinity to the transporter .
PMID:19129463
The driving force for this transport activity is currently not known (By similarity). The role of hydrogencarbonate (HCO3(-), bicarbonate) as the probable counteranion that exchanges for organic anions is still not well defined .
PMID:19129463
Functions as an uptake transporter at the apical membrane, suggesting a role in renal reabsorption (By similarity). Involved in the renal secretion of the uremic toxin ADMA (N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine or asymmetrical dimethylarginine), which is associated to cardiovascular events and mortality, and the structurally related amino acids L-arginine and L-homoarginine (a cardioprotective biomarker) .
PMID:30865704
Can act bidirectionally, suggesting a dual protective role of this transport protein; exporting L-homoarginine after being synthesized in proximal tubule cells, and mediating uptake of ADMA from the blood into proximal tubule cells where it is degraded by the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) .
PMID:30865704 PMID:32642843
May be involved in sperm maturation by enabling directed movement of organic anions and compounds within or between cells (By similarity).
This ion-transporting process is important to maintain the strict epididymal homeostasis necessary for sperm maturation (By similarity). May have a role in secretory functions since seminal vesicle epithelial cells are assumed to secrete proteins involved in decapacitation by modifying surface proteins to facilitate the acquisition of the ability to fertilize the egg (By similarity)
PMID:14993604 PMID:19129463 PMID:20610891
Capable of transporting cAMP and pharmacological substances such as digoxin, ouabain and methotrexate .
PMID:14993604
Transport is independent of sodium, chloride ion, and ATP .
PMID:14993604
Transport activity is stimulated by an acidic extracellular environment due to increased substrate affinity to the transporter .
PMID:19129463
The driving force for this transport activity is currently not known (By similarity). The role of hydrogencarbonate (HCO3(-), bicarbonate) as the probable counteranion that exchanges for organic anions is still not well defined .
PMID:19129463
Functions as an uptake transporter at the apical membrane, suggesting a role in renal reabsorption (By similarity). Involved in the renal secretion of the uremic toxin ADMA (N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine or asymmetrical dimethylarginine), which is associated to cardiovascular events and mortality, and the structurally related amino acids L-arginine and L-homoarginine (a cardioprotective biomarker) .
PMID:30865704
Can act bidirectionally, suggesting a dual protective role of this transport protein; exporting L-homoarginine after being synthesized in proximal tubule cells, and mediating uptake of ADMA from the blood into proximal tubule cells where it is degraded by the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) .
PMID:30865704 PMID:32642843
May be involved in sperm maturation by enabling directed movement of organic anions and compounds within or between cells (By similarity).
This ion-transporting process is important to maintain the strict epididymal homeostasis necessary for sperm maturation (By similarity). May have a role in secretory functions since seminal vesicle epithelial cells are assumed to secrete proteins involved in decapacitation by modifying surface proteins to facilitate the acquisition of the ability to fertilize the egg (By similarity)
Hepatic sodium/bile acid cotransporter
SLC10A1
substrate
Specific functionbile acid transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
As a major transporter of conjugated bile salts from plasma into the hepatocyte, it plays a key role in the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts necessary for the solubilization and absorption of dietary fat and fat-soluble vitamins .
PMID:14660639 PMID:24867799 PMID:34060352 PMID:8132774
It is strictly dependent on the extracellular presence of sodium .
PMID:14660639 PMID:24867799 PMID:34060352 PMID:8132774
It exhibits broad substrate specificity and transports various bile acids, such as taurocholate, cholate, as well as non-bile acid organic compounds, such as estrone sulfate .
PMID:14660639 PMID:34060352
Works collaboratively with the ileal transporter (NTCP2), the organic solute transporter (OST), and the bile salt export pump (BSEP), to ensure efficacious biological recycling of bile acids during enterohepatic circulation PMID:33222321
PMID:14660639 PMID:24867799 PMID:34060352 PMID:8132774
It is strictly dependent on the extracellular presence of sodium .
PMID:14660639 PMID:24867799 PMID:34060352 PMID:8132774
It exhibits broad substrate specificity and transports various bile acids, such as taurocholate, cholate, as well as non-bile acid organic compounds, such as estrone sulfate .
PMID:14660639 PMID:34060352
Works collaboratively with the ileal transporter (NTCP2), the organic solute transporter (OST), and the bile salt export pump (BSEP), to ensure efficacious biological recycling of bile acids during enterohepatic circulation PMID:33222321
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1
SLCO1C1
substrate
inhibitor
Specific functionbile acid transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Mediates the Na(+)-independent high affinity transport of organic anions such as the thyroid hormones L-thyroxine (T4), L-thyroxine sulfate (T4S), and 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine (reverse T3, rT3) at the plasma membrane .
PMID:12351693 PMID:18566113 PMID:19129463
Regulates T4 levels in different brain regions by transporting T4, and also by serving as an export pump for T4S, which is a source of T4 after hydrolysis by local sulfatases .
PMID:18566113
Increases the access of these substrates to the intracellular sites where they are metabolized by the deiodinases .
PMID:18566113
Other potential substrates, such as triiodothyronine (T3), 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol (17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)), estrone-3-sulfate (E1S) and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) are transported with much lower efficiency .
PMID:12351693 PMID:19129463
Transports T4 and E1S in a pH-insensitive manner .
PMID:19129463
Facilitates the transport of thyroid hormones across the blood-brain barrier and into glia and neuronal cells in the brain PMID:30296914
PMID:12351693 PMID:18566113 PMID:19129463
Regulates T4 levels in different brain regions by transporting T4, and also by serving as an export pump for T4S, which is a source of T4 after hydrolysis by local sulfatases .
PMID:18566113
Increases the access of these substrates to the intracellular sites where they are metabolized by the deiodinases .
PMID:18566113
Other potential substrates, such as triiodothyronine (T3), 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol (17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)), estrone-3-sulfate (E1S) and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) are transported with much lower efficiency .
PMID:12351693 PMID:19129463
Transports T4 and E1S in a pH-insensitive manner .
PMID:19129463
Facilitates the transport of thyroid hormones across the blood-brain barrier and into glia and neuronal cells in the brain PMID:30296914
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1
SLCO4A1
substrate
inhibitor
Specific functionorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Organic anion antiporter with apparent broad substrate specificity. Recognizes various substrates including thyroid hormones 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), L-thyroxine (T4) and 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine (rT3), conjugated steroids such as estrone 3-sulfate and estradiol 17-beta glucuronide, bile acids such as taurocholate and prostanoids such as prostaglandin E2, likely operating in a tissue-specific manner .
PMID:10873595 PMID:19129463 PMID:30343886
May be involved in uptake of metabolites from the circulation into organs such as kidney, liver or placenta. Possibly drives the selective transport of thyroid hormones and estrogens coupled to an outward glutamate gradient across the microvillous membrane of the placenta .
PMID:30343886
The transport mechanism, its electrogenicity and potential tissue-specific counterions remain to be elucidated (Probable)
PMID:10873595 PMID:19129463 PMID:30343886
May be involved in uptake of metabolites from the circulation into organs such as kidney, liver or placenta. Possibly drives the selective transport of thyroid hormones and estrogens coupled to an outward glutamate gradient across the microvillous membrane of the placenta .
PMID:30343886
The transport mechanism, its electrogenicity and potential tissue-specific counterions remain to be elucidated (Probable)
Organic anion transporter 3
SLC22A8
inhibitor
Specific functionorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular location
Basolateral cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Functions as an organic anion/dicarboxylate exchanger that couples organic anion uptake indirectly to the sodium gradient .
PMID:14586168 PMID:15644426 PMID:15846473 PMID:16455804 PMID:31553721
Transports organic anions such as estrone 3-sulfate (E1S) and urate in exchange for dicarboxylates such as glutarate or ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate) .
PMID:14586168 PMID:15846473 PMID:15864504 PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370
Plays an important role in the excretion of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the kidney and the brain .
PMID:11306713 PMID:14586168 PMID:15846473
E1S transport is pH- and chloride-dependent and may also involve E1S/cGMP exchange .
PMID:26377792
Responsible for the transport of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2(alpha) (PGF2(alpha)) in the basolateral side of the renal tubule .
PMID:11907186
Involved in the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites kynurenate and xanthurenate .
PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370
Functions as a biopterin transporters involved in the uptake and the secretion of coenzymes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and sepiapterin to urine, thereby determining baseline levels of blood biopterins .
PMID:28534121
May be involved in the basolateral transport of steviol, a metabolite of the popular sugar substitute stevioside .
PMID:15644426
May participate in the detoxification/ renal excretion of drugs and xenobiotics, such as the histamine H(2)-receptor antagonists fexofenadine and cimetidine, the antibiotic benzylpenicillin (PCG), the anionic herbicide 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), the diagnostic agent p-aminohippurate (PAH), the antiviral acyclovir (ACV), and the mycotoxin ochratoxin (OTA), by transporting these exogenous organic anions across the cell membrane in exchange for dicarboxylates such as 2-oxoglutarate .
PMID:11669456 PMID:15846473 PMID:16455804
Contributes to the renal uptake of potent uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate (IS), indole acetate (IA), hippurate/N-benzoylglycine (HA) and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF)), pravastatin, PCG, E1S and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and is partly involved in the renal uptake of temocaprilat (an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) .
PMID:14675047
May contribute to the release of cortisol in the adrenals .
PMID:15864504
Involved in one of the detoxification systems on the choroid plexus (CP), removes substrates such as E1S or taurocholate (TC), PCG, 2,4-D and PAH, from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the blood for eventual excretion in urine and bile (By similarity). Also contributes to the uptake of several other organic compounds such as the prostanoids prostaglandin E(2) and prostaglandin F(2-alpha), L-carnitine, and the therapeutic drugs allopurinol, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (By similarity). Mediates the transport of PAH, PCG, and the statins pravastatin and pitavastatin, from the cerebrum into the blood circulation across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
In summary, plays a role in the efflux of drugs and xenobiotics, helping reduce their undesired toxicological effects on the body (By similarity)
PMID:14586168 PMID:15644426 PMID:15846473 PMID:16455804 PMID:31553721
Transports organic anions such as estrone 3-sulfate (E1S) and urate in exchange for dicarboxylates such as glutarate or ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate) .
PMID:14586168 PMID:15846473 PMID:15864504 PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370
Plays an important role in the excretion of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the kidney and the brain .
PMID:11306713 PMID:14586168 PMID:15846473
E1S transport is pH- and chloride-dependent and may also involve E1S/cGMP exchange .
PMID:26377792
Responsible for the transport of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2(alpha) (PGF2(alpha)) in the basolateral side of the renal tubule .
PMID:11907186
Involved in the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites kynurenate and xanthurenate .
PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370
Functions as a biopterin transporters involved in the uptake and the secretion of coenzymes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and sepiapterin to urine, thereby determining baseline levels of blood biopterins .
PMID:28534121
May be involved in the basolateral transport of steviol, a metabolite of the popular sugar substitute stevioside .
PMID:15644426
May participate in the detoxification/ renal excretion of drugs and xenobiotics, such as the histamine H(2)-receptor antagonists fexofenadine and cimetidine, the antibiotic benzylpenicillin (PCG), the anionic herbicide 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), the diagnostic agent p-aminohippurate (PAH), the antiviral acyclovir (ACV), and the mycotoxin ochratoxin (OTA), by transporting these exogenous organic anions across the cell membrane in exchange for dicarboxylates such as 2-oxoglutarate .
PMID:11669456 PMID:15846473 PMID:16455804
Contributes to the renal uptake of potent uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate (IS), indole acetate (IA), hippurate/N-benzoylglycine (HA) and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF)), pravastatin, PCG, E1S and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and is partly involved in the renal uptake of temocaprilat (an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) .
PMID:14675047
May contribute to the release of cortisol in the adrenals .
PMID:15864504
Involved in one of the detoxification systems on the choroid plexus (CP), removes substrates such as E1S or taurocholate (TC), PCG, 2,4-D and PAH, from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the blood for eventual excretion in urine and bile (By similarity). Also contributes to the uptake of several other organic compounds such as the prostanoids prostaglandin E(2) and prostaglandin F(2-alpha), L-carnitine, and the therapeutic drugs allopurinol, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (By similarity). Mediates the transport of PAH, PCG, and the statins pravastatin and pitavastatin, from the cerebrum into the blood circulation across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
In summary, plays a role in the efflux of drugs and xenobiotics, helping reduce their undesired toxicological effects on the body (By similarity)
Monocarboxylate transporter 10
SLC16A10
inhibitor
Specific functionamino acid transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Sodium- and proton-independent thyroid hormones and aromatic acids transporter .
PMID:11827462 PMID:18337592 PMID:28754537
Mediates both uptake and efflux of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (T4) with high affinity, suggesting a role in the homeostasis of thyroid hormone levels .
PMID:18337592
Responsible for low affinity bidirectional transport of the aromatic amino acids, such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) .
PMID:11827462 PMID:28754537
Plays an important role in homeostasis of aromatic amino acids (By similarity)
PMID:11827462 PMID:18337592 PMID:28754537
Mediates both uptake and efflux of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (T4) with high affinity, suggesting a role in the homeostasis of thyroid hormone levels .
PMID:18337592
Responsible for low affinity bidirectional transport of the aromatic amino acids, such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) .
PMID:11827462 PMID:28754537
Plays an important role in homeostasis of aromatic amino acids (By similarity)
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1
ABCB1
inducer
Specific functionABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Translocates drugs and phospholipids across the membrane .
PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:8898203 PMID:9038218 PMID:35507548
Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins .
PMID:8898203
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:9038218
PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:8898203 PMID:9038218 PMID:35507548
Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins .
PMID:8898203
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:9038218
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1
SLC7A5
Specific functionamino acid transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular location
Apical cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
The heterodimer with SLC3A2 functions as a sodium-independent, high-affinity transporter that mediates uptake of large neutral amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, histidine, methionine, tryptophan, valine, isoleucine and alanine .
PMID:10049700 PMID:10574970 PMID:11557028 PMID:11564694 PMID:12117417 PMID:12225859 PMID:15769744 PMID:18262359 PMID:25998567 PMID:30867591 PMID:9751058
The heterodimer with SLC3A2 mediates the uptake of L-DOPA (By similarity). Functions as an amino acid exchanger .
PMID:11557028 PMID:12117417 PMID:12225859 PMID:30867591
May play a role in the transport of L-DOPA across the blood-brain barrier (By similarity). May act as the major transporter of tyrosine in fibroblasts (Probable).
May mediate blood-to-retina L-leucine transport across the inner blood-retinal barrier (By similarity). Can mediate the transport of thyroid hormones diiodothyronine (T2), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) across the cell membrane .
PMID:11564694
When associated with LAPTM4B, the heterodimer formed by SLC3A2 and SLC7A5 is recruited to lysosomes to promote leucine uptake into these organelles, and thereby mediates mTORC1 activation .
PMID:25998567
Involved in the uptake of toxic methylmercury (MeHg) when administered as the L-cysteine or D,L-homocysteine complexes .
PMID:12117417
Involved in the cellular activity of small molecular weight nitrosothiols, via the stereoselective transport of L-nitrosocysteine (L-CNSO) across the membrane PMID:15769744
PMID:10049700 PMID:10574970 PMID:11557028 PMID:11564694 PMID:12117417 PMID:12225859 PMID:15769744 PMID:18262359 PMID:25998567 PMID:30867591 PMID:9751058
The heterodimer with SLC3A2 mediates the uptake of L-DOPA (By similarity). Functions as an amino acid exchanger .
PMID:11557028 PMID:12117417 PMID:12225859 PMID:30867591
May play a role in the transport of L-DOPA across the blood-brain barrier (By similarity). May act as the major transporter of tyrosine in fibroblasts (Probable).
May mediate blood-to-retina L-leucine transport across the inner blood-retinal barrier (By similarity). Can mediate the transport of thyroid hormones diiodothyronine (T2), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) across the cell membrane .
PMID:11564694
When associated with LAPTM4B, the heterodimer formed by SLC3A2 and SLC7A5 is recruited to lysosomes to promote leucine uptake into these organelles, and thereby mediates mTORC1 activation .
PMID:25998567
Involved in the uptake of toxic methylmercury (MeHg) when administered as the L-cysteine or D,L-homocysteine complexes .
PMID:12117417
Involved in the cellular activity of small molecular weight nitrosothiols, via the stereoselective transport of L-nitrosocysteine (L-CNSO) across the membrane PMID:15769744
Carriers(3)
Proteins that carry this drug through the body
Transthyretin
TTR
Specific functionhormone activity
Cellular location
Secreted
General function & pharmacology
Thyroid hormone-binding protein. Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain
Thyroxine-binding globulin
SERPINA7
substrate
Specific functionserine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Cellular location
Secreted
General function & pharmacology
Major thyroid hormone transport protein in serum
Albumin
ALB
Specific functionantioxidant activity
Cellular location
Secreted
General function & pharmacology
Binds water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs (Probable). Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood (Probable). Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc .
PMID:19021548
Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity).
Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity).
Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli .
PMID:6234017
Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin PMID:6234017
PMID:19021548
Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity).
Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity).
Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli .
PMID:6234017
Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin PMID:6234017
Biological pathways(1)
Scientific references(1)
Jonklaas J., Burman K.D., Wang H., Latham K.R.
Single-dose T3 administration: kinetics and effects on biochemical and physiological parameters.
Therapeutics Drug Monit
2015 Feb37(1):110-8. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000113
ATC classification(2 codes)
ATC H03AA03
ATC H03AA02
Affected organisms(1)
Humans and other mammals
International brands(1)
Salt forms(1)
Liothyronine sodium(DBSALT000321)
Experimental properties(6)
Commercial products(195)
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Show
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Liothyronine
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
9954
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
9950
ChemSpider
5707
BindingDB
18860
PDB
T3
Guide to Pharmacology
2634
ZINC
ZINC000003830999
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:11796
GenAtlas
THRA
GeneCards
THRA
GenBank Gene Database
X55074
GenBank Protein Database
825639
Guide to Pharmacology
588
UniProt Accession
THA_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:11799
GenAtlas
THRB
GeneCards
THRB
GenBank Gene Database
X04707
GenBank Protein Database
31207
Guide to Pharmacology
589
UniProt Accession
THB_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:8729
GeneCards
PCNA
UniProt Accession
PCNA_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:12530
GeneCards
UGT1A1
GenBank Gene Database
M57899
GenBank Protein Database
184473
Guide to Pharmacology
2990
UniProt Accession
UD11_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:12405
GenAtlas
TTR
GeneCards
TTR
GenBank Gene Database
K02091
GenBank Protein Database
189582
Guide to Pharmacology
2851
UniProt Accession
TTHY_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:11583
GenAtlas
SERPINA7
GeneCards
SERPINA7
GenBank Gene Database
M14091
GenBank Protein Database
338697
UniProt Accession
THBG_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:399
GenAtlas
ALB
GeneCards
ALB
GenBank Gene Database
V00494
GenBank Protein Database
28590
UniProt Accession
ALBU_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10956
GeneCards
SLCO1A2
GenBank Gene Database
U21943
GenBank Protein Database
885978
Guide to Pharmacology
1219
UniProt Accession
SO1A2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10959
GenAtlas
SLCO1B1
GeneCards
SLCO1B1
GenBank Gene Database
AF060500
GenBank Protein Database
5051630
Guide to Pharmacology
1220
UniProt Accession
SO1B1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10961
GeneCards
SLCO1B3
GenBank Gene Database
AJ251506
GenBank Protein Database
9187497
Guide to Pharmacology
1221
UniProt Accession
SO1B3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:23612
GeneCards
SLCO4C1
GenBank Gene Database
AF401643
GenBank Protein Database
33308060
UniProt Accession
SO4C1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10905
GeneCards
SLC10A1
GenBank Gene Database
L21893
GenBank Protein Database
410214
Guide to Pharmacology
959
UniProt Accession
NTCP_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:13819
GeneCards
SLCO1C1
GenBank Gene Database
AF260704
GenBank Protein Database
7839587
UniProt Accession
SO1C1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10953
GeneCards
SLCO4A1
GenBank Gene Database
AB031051
GenBank Protein Database
6683743
UniProt Accession
SO4A1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10972
GeneCards
SLC22A8
GenBank Gene Database
AF097491
GenBank Protein Database
4378059
Guide to Pharmacology
1027
UniProt Accession
S22A8_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:17027
GeneCards
SLC16A10
GenBank Gene Database
AB057445
GenBank Protein Database
18640047
UniProt Accession
MOT10_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:40
GenAtlas
ABCB1
GeneCards
ABCB1
GenBank Gene Database
M14758
GenBank Protein Database
307180
Guide to Pharmacology
768
UniProt Accession
MDR1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:11063
GenAtlas
SLC7A5
GeneCards
SLC7A5
GenBank Gene Database
AF077866
GenBank Protein Database
3639058
UniProt Accession
LAT1_HUMAN
International reference pricing
12 formulations
Reference pricing from DrugBank. Prices are indicative and may not reflect current UK costs.
From $0.81/tablet
To $627.90/ml
Liothyronine sod 5 mcg tablet
$0.81/tablet
Liothyronine Sodium 5 mcg tablet
$0.84/tablet
Cytomel 5 mcg tablet
$0.89/tablet
Liothyronine sod 25 mcg tablet
$1.06/tablet
Liothyronine Sodium 25 mcg tablet
$1.09/tablet
Source: DrugBank. Used under CC BY-NC 4.0 academic licence for non-commercial purposes.
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications:
Knox C., Wilson M., Klinger C.M., et al
DrugBank 6.
0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024
Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 552(D1):D1265-D1275
Wishart D.S., Feunang Y.D., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank 5.
0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018
Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Nov 846(D1):D1074-D1082
Show earlier publications
Law V., Knox C., Djoumbou Y., et al
DrugBank 4.
0: shedding new light on drug metabolism
Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Jan 142(1):D1091-7
Knox C., Law V., Jewison T., et al
DrugBank 3.
0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan39(Database issue):D1035-41
Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets.
Nucleic Acids Research
2008 Jan36(Database issue):D901-6
Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration.
Nucleic Acids Research
2006 Jan 134(Database issue):D668-72
Source: go.drugbank.comCC BY-NC 4.0
Updated about 1 month ago(4 Mar 2026)