Kalium bichromicum 6c homeopathic tablets

Based on the widespread use of homeopathy in dairy farm practice when treating mastitis, a blind randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to assess the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment of clinical mastitis on four dairy farms. The study considered specific guidelines for RCTs as well as the basic principles of individualised homeopathy and involved 180 lactating dairy cows. Evaluation of cure rates was based on clinical investigation of the udder and on laboratory analysis of milk samples. In culture-positive cases, the antibiotic treatment provided suboptimal bacteriological cures (60-81 per cent) but was more effective than individualised homeopathy (33-43 per cent) whose effects appeared little different to those of placebos (45-47 per cent) (P≤0.05). On the cytological cure level, all three treatment methods were similarly ineffective: antibiotic being 2-21 per cent, individualised homeopathy 0-8 per cent and placebo 3-13 per cent (P≤0.05; P=0.13). Antibiotics, individualised homeopathy and placebo had similar effects on bacteriological and cytological cure in cases of culture-negative milk samples (P>0.4) and Escherichia coli infections (P=1.0). The study results implied that the effectiveness of individualised homeopathy does not go beyond a placebo effect and successful treatment is highly dependent on the specific mastitis pathogen. Thus, antimicrobial or alternative remedies used should be based on the bacterial culture of the milk sample.Trial registration numberNTP-ID: 00008011-1-9, Pre-results.

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Background and Objectives Over the past decade, research using various methods has claimed the material nature of high homeopathic potencies. The current study aims to verify these findings using pH measurements. Methods Six independent serial dilutions of commonly used homeopathic medicines, either soluble (Arnica, Belladona, Gelsemium, Pyrogenium, Pyrogenium crudum, Kalium muriaticum) or insoluble (Cuprum, Argentum, Silicea), and prepared according to European Pharmacopoeia standards were pooled and used for pH measurement. We compared the homeopathic dynamisations (DYNs) in pure water with their potentized controls and with simple dilutions (DILs) up to 30cH/10−60. We also tested the influence of the container (Glass or Polyethylene terephthalate ‘PET’) on the solvent controls. Results The different manufacturing processes of the stocks (trituration required or not) influence the pH results. Stock heating process changes the pH of the entire production line. pH measurements can distinguish a dynamised production line from its dynamised solvent but not always from their simple dilution. The presence of a stock at the beginning of a homeopathic manufacturing process modifies the electrical behaviour of the solvent during all successive dilutions, even at the highest dilutions/dynamisations. The container has a significant effect on the electric field indicating the involvement of the atmosphere and leaching processes. Conclusion In homeopathic potentisations of all stocks, an electric field can be measured with specific intensities, even when diluted beyond Avogadro’s number. Homeopathic potentisation is not a simple solvent dilution. The starting material, the solvent used, the type of container and the manufacturing method influence the characteristics of these electric fields. The process of heating the stock should be avoided. The reasons for the presence of these pH values and their stability are not known, but they are most likely related to the presence of nanometric superstructures in these preparations. The role of pH in the manufacturing process and in the effects of homeopathic medicines should be further investigated.

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Are courts, as institutions aimed at individual justice, suitable institutions for dealing with the climate crisis? Could they guide the social and global transformation processes that are certainly necessary? Bernhard Wegener takes a clear stand against the “sweet illusion of climate justice“.

Abstract licence: CC BY-SA 4.0

Background: Initially developed by R. Conte for analyzing temporal (e.g. rainfall) and economic data (stock exchange) (1), the statistical method based on the determination of a contonian frequency (H) has been applied for studying the activity of dynamized high dilutions (DHD) in various biological and physicochemical parameters (2). Objective: The present study aims to validate the contonian methodology by comparison with conventional statistics, using the physicochemical datasets generated by the DynHom project. Methods: Six independent manufacturing lines of traditional homeopathic medicines, either soluble (Arnica, Belladona, Gelsemium, Pyrogenium, Pyrogenium crudum, Kalium muriaticum) or insoluble (Cuprum, Argentum, Silicea), were prepared up to 30cH/10-60 according to European Pharmacopoeia standards. We compared homeopathic dynamizations (DYN) with their potentized controls and with simple dilutions (DIL) using nanoparticles tracking analysis (NTA) on liquid solutions (3), pH measurement on pooled samples (4), and Scanning Electron Microscopy & Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) on lyophilized products (5). The parameters analysed were the particle size distribution (SPAN), pH, and ionic composition (%). Alongside the standard tests performed with SigmaStat version 4, a wizard-based statistical software package, we determined for each dilution series the corresponding H, which was calculated from the integral of the observed values for each dilution (contonian Lagrangian) using an Excel spreadsheet designed by GV. Results: NTA experiments show that SPAN is characteristic of the tested product and the manufacturing process. The differences among DYNs, DILs, and controls are clearly visualized by the Lagrangian presentation, which is not possible with raw data curves. Furthermore, we observe low variability in H across production lines, especially for dynamized products (CV < 10%). Similar results are obtained with pH measurements. When comparing products pairwise, we find perfect agreement between classical statistical tests and the contonian methodology. The latter can prove even more sensitive in certain cases without the risk to produce Type I error (false positive), as shown previously in different samples [1]. Similarly, in SEM-EDX, we can highlight differences in composition between DYN and DIL by comparing the H, which the standard tests (ANOVA-3w) do not find significant. Discussion: Contonian statistics applied to a wide range of dilutions (2cH to 30 cH) and to several homeopathic remedies seems to be a powerful and well-suited tool: a) to study continuous data series, not independent of each other, b) to show the consistency and repeatability of the dilution/dynamization process, c) to highlight differences between the different types of preparation (control, simple dilution and dynamization), and d) to control the quality of the manufacturing process and analytical methods. Previous studies demonstrate its validity for this type of variable [1,2]. Conclusion: the results of the DynHom project, a prospective experimental study, confirm the working hypotheses set out by R. Conte in the first volume "Theory of high dilutions - experimental aspects", mainly based on retrospective data drawn from homeopathic literature. However, additional repetitions of this model are needed to establish it as an elective method in high-dilution studies.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-SA