Glycopyrronium bromide 1mg tablets
Requires a prescription from a doctor or prescriber
Antispasmodics and other drugs altering gut motility
Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
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Official medicine documents
Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
The MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of suspected side effects from healthcare professionals and patients. View the Drug Analysis Profile (iDAP) for real-world adverse reaction data.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Glycopyrronium bromide
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Report a side effect
Submit a Yellow Card report to the MHRA
Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) collects suspected adverse reaction reports from across the EU/EEA through the EudraVigilance system. Search for safety data on this medicine.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Glycopyrronium bromide
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EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
14 branded products available
Part of the Robinul brand family (generic: Glycopyrronium bromide)
MHRA licensed products
View all licensed products for Glycopyrronium bromide on the MHRA register
Assicco 1mg tablets
Glycopyrronium bromide 1mg tablets
Glycopyrronium bromide 1mg tablets
Glycopyrronium bromide 1mg tablets
Glycopyrronium bromide 1mg tablets
Glycopyrronium bromide 1mg tablets
Glycopyrronium bromide 1mg tablets
Glycopyrronium bromide 1mg tablets
This is the NHS Drug Tariff indicative price used for reimbursement purposes. It may not reflect the price paid by patients or pharmacies.
View full Drug TariffSource: NHS Drug Tariff via NHSBSA. Derived from dm+d VMPP (Virtual Medicinal Product Pack) pricing data. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
WHO defined daily dose (DDD)
3 mg
Not a recommended dose. The DDD is the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults. It is a statistical measure used for research and comparison purposes only.
Source: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, distributed via NHS dm+d BNF mapping files. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Therapeutically similar medicines
Similarity based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and NHS BNF section grouping. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
Clinical guidelines and formulary information
British National Formulary
Glycopyrronium bromide
Source: British National Formulary, NICE. Joint Formulary Committee. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
NICE clinical guidance(7)
Hyperhidrosis: oral glycopyrronium bromide (ESUOM16)
Severe sialorrhoea (drooling) in children and young people with chronic neurological disorders: oral glycopyrronium bromide (ES5)
Xeomin (botulinum neurotoxin type A) for treating chronic sialorrhoea (TA605)
Parkinson's disease in adults (NG71)
Care of dying adults in the last days of life (NG31)
Motor neurone disease: assessment and management (NG42)
Cerebral palsy in under 25s: assessment and management (NG62)
Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
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Search for this medicine at major UK pharmacy chains. These links open the retailer's own website — results depend on their current online catalogue.
Supply & product information
Official product databases and supply status monitoring
Pharmacy links redirect to the retailer's own search and do not represent real-time stock levels. emc (electronic medicines compendium) is operated by Datapharm Ltd. Shortage information sourced from NHS Specialist Pharmacy Service (SPS), sps.nhs.uk.
Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
Browse tools
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF codes from NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA). ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
None known
Half-life
33-53 hours
Mechanism
Glycopyrronium is a muscarinic antagonist with the highest affinity for M1 receptors, followed by M3, M2/M4, and M5.
Food interactions
1 warning
Human targets
5 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
66 mg
Half-life
33-53 hours
[L33110]
The mean half life of a 6 µg/kg intravenous dose is 0.83…
Protein binding
38-44%
[L33110]
It is bound to serum albumin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, as well as other plasma proteins that have not been identified in literature.
[L33115]…
Volume of distribution
1-14 years
Metabolism
[L33110][L33115]
Metabolism was mainly mediated by CYP2D6, with minor contributions…
Elimination
85%
[L4755]
>80% of the recovered dose is the unchanged parent drug.
[L4755]…
Clearance
6 µg/k
[L33120]…
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Glycopyrronium was originally granted FDA approval on 11 August 1961.[L33090]
[L33105]
A glycopyrronium intravenous and intramuscular injection is indicated in adults and pediatric patients to reduce the volume and acidity of gastric secretions, reduce airway secretions, and block cardiac inhibitory reflexes during the induction of anesthesia and intubation; to treat surgically-induced, drug-induced, or vagal reflex associated arrhythmias intraoperatively; and to prevent peripheral muscarinic effects of cholinergic drugs.
[L33120]
The same injection is indicated in adults as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of peptic ulcers, as is an orally disintegrating tablet formulation.
[L33120][L39615]
An oral solution is indicated to treat excessive drooling associated with neurologic conditions in patients aged 3-16 years.
[L33140]
Glycopyrronium and [budesonide][L33145] can be formulated with [formoterol] fumarate for the maintenance of COPD.
[L33150]
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Showing 50 of 518 interactions
[L4755][L33105]
Patients should be treated with symptomatic and supportive therapy, which may include the use of catheters for urinary retention, cardiovascular support, airway maintenance, ventilation, or neostigmine.
[L4755]
The oral LD50 in mice is 570 mg/kg, and in rats is 709 mg/kg.
[L33100]
The intraperitoneal LD50 in mice is 90 mg/kg, and in rats is 196 mg/kg.
[L33100]
Muscarinic receptors M1 to M4 are found in the lung, although M3 is predominantly responsible for bronchoconstriction and airway secretions.[A18287][L33145][L33115] Secretions from salivary[A233545] and sweat[A233550] glands, as well as gastric acid secretions,[A233555] are also predominantly mediated by the M3 receptor. Salivary[A233545] and gastric acid[A233555] secretions are also partially mediated by the M1 receptor. Antagonism of these receptors decreases the volume of their respective secretions, and in the case of the gastrointestinal system, reduces the acidity of the stomach.[A233560]
In the cardiovascular system, muscarinic receptors M1 to M5 are all present, however the function of M5 has not been described in literature.[A233560] Under normal circumstances, stimulation of the vagal nerve lowers the heart rate, potentially leading to intraoperative bradycardia.[A233560] Studies in mice suggest that this stimulation is predominantly mediated by the M3 receptor, and mutant knockout mice are not susceptible to these effects.[A233560]
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
[L4755]
Inhaled glycopyrronium is approximately 40% bioavailable.
[L33110]
A 25 µg inhaled solution reaches a Cmax of 34.5 pg/mL, with a Tmax of <20 minutes, and an AUC0-inf of 255 h\*pg/mL.
[L33105]
An 8 µg/kg intramuscular dose reaches a Cmax of 3.47 ± 1.48 µg/L, with a Tmax of 27.48 ± 6.12 minutes, and an AUC of 6.64 ± 2.33 h\*g/L.
[L33120]
Oral glycopyrronium has highly variable pharmacokinetics, reaching a mean Cmax of 0.318 ng/mL, a Tmax of 3.1 hours, and an AUC0-24 of 1.74 h\*ng/mL.
[L33140]
[L33110]
The mean half life of a 6 µg/kg intravenous dose is 0.83 ± 0.27 hours.
[L33120]
The mean half life of oral glycopyrronium is 3.0 hours.
[L33140]
[L33110]
It is bound to serum albumin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, as well as other plasma proteins that have not been identified in literature.
[L33115]
[L4755]
The volume of distribution in adults aged 60-75 years is 0.42 ± 0.22 L/kg.
[L4755]
[L33110][L33115]
Metabolism was mainly mediated by CYP2D6, with minor contributions from CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C18, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4.
[L33110][L33115]
[L4755]
>80% of the recovered dose is the unchanged parent drug.
[L4755]
The remainder is recovered as the inactive M9 metabolite.
[L33110][L33115]
[L33120]
An oral solution has a clearance of 5.28-38.95 L/h/kg in healthy adults and 8.07-25.65 L/h/kg in patients with cerebral palsy.
[L33140]
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
Enzymes involved in drug metabolism — important for understanding drug interactions
Proteins that transport this drug across cell membranes
PMID:9260930 PMID:9687576
Functions as a Na(+)-independent, bidirectional uniporter .
PMID:21128598 PMID:9687576
Cation cellular uptake or release is driven by the electrochemical potential, i.e. membrane potential and concentration gradient .
PMID:15212162 PMID:9260930 PMID:9687576
However, may also engage electroneutral cation exchange when saturating concentrations of cation substrates are reached (By similarity). Predominantly expressed at the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and proximal tubules and involved in the uptake and disposition of cationic compounds by hepatic and renal clearance from the blood flow .
PMID:15783073
Implicated in monoamine neurotransmitters uptake such as histamine, dopamine, adrenaline/epinephrine, noradrenaline/norepinephrine, serotonin and tyramine, thereby supporting a physiological role in the central nervous system by regulating interstitial concentrations of neurotransmitters .
PMID:16581093 PMID:17460754 PMID:9687576
Also capable of transporting dopaminergic neuromodulators cyclo(his-pro), salsolinol and N-methyl-salsolinol, thereby involved in the maintenance of dopaminergic cell integrity in the central nervous system .
PMID:17460754
Mediates the bidirectional transport of acetylcholine (ACh) at the apical membrane of ciliated cell in airway epithelium, thereby playing a role in luminal release of ACh from bronchial epithelium .
PMID:15817714
Also transports guanidine and endogenous monoamines such as vitamin B1/thiamine, creatinine and N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN) .
PMID:12089365 PMID:15212162 PMID:17072098 PMID:24961373 PMID:9260930
Mediates the uptake and efflux of quaternary ammonium compound choline .
PMID:9260930
Mediates the bidirectional transport of polyamine agmatine and the uptake of polyamines putrescine and spermidine .
PMID:12538837 PMID:21128598
Able to transport non-amine endogenous compounds such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) .
PMID:11907186
Also involved in the uptake of xenobiotic 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP) .
PMID:12395288 PMID:16394027
May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testis across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable)
PMID:16330770 PMID:17509534
Plays a physiological role in the excretion of cationic compounds including endogenous metabolites, drugs, toxins through the kidney and liver, into urine and bile respectively .
PMID:16330770 PMID:17495125 PMID:17509534 PMID:17582384 PMID:18305230 PMID:19158817 PMID:21128598 PMID:24961373
Mediates the efflux of endogenous compounds such as creatinine, vitamin B1/thiamine, agmatine and estrone-3-sulfate .
PMID:16330770 PMID:17495125 PMID:17509534 PMID:17582384 PMID:18305230 PMID:19158817 PMID:21128598 PMID:24961373
May also contribute to regulate the transport of cationic compounds in testis across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable)
Proteins that carry this drug through the body
PMID:19021548
Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity).
Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity).
Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli .
PMID:6234017
Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin PMID:6234017
Appears to function in modulating the activity of the immune system during the acute-phase reaction
ATC R03AL09
ATC R03AL04
ATC R03BB06
ATC D11AA01
ATC A03AB02
ATC R03AL11
ATC R03AL07
ATC A03CA05
ATC R03AL12
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
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Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
9967
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
21481
ChemSpider
3374
BindingDB
50417445
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1950
GenAtlas
CHRM1
GeneCards
CHRM1
GenBank Gene Database
X52068
GenBank Protein Database
34451
Guide to Pharmacology
13
UniProt Accession
ACM1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1952
GenAtlas
CHRM3
GeneCards
CHRM3
GenBank Gene Database
X15266
GenBank Protein Database
32324
Guide to Pharmacology
15
UniProt Accession
ACM3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1951
GenAtlas
CHRM2
GeneCards
CHRM2
GenBank Gene Database
M16404
GenBank Protein Database
177990
Guide to Pharmacology
14
UniProt Accession
ACM2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1953
GenAtlas
CHRM4
GeneCards
CHRM4
GenBank Gene Database
M16405
GenBank Protein Database
61970253
Guide to Pharmacology
16
UniProt Accession
ACM4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1954
GenAtlas
CHRM5
GeneCards
CHRM5
GenBank Gene Database
M80333
GenBank Protein Database
177988
Guide to Pharmacology
17
UniProt Accession
ACM5_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2625
GenAtlas
CYP2D6
GeneCards
CYP2D6
GenBank Gene Database
M20403
GenBank Protein Database
181350
Guide to Pharmacology
1329
UniProt Accession
CP2D6_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2596
GenAtlas
CYP1A2
GeneCards
CYP1A2
GenBank Gene Database
Z00036
Guide to Pharmacology
1319
UniProt Accession
CP1A2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2615
GeneCards
CYP2B6
GenBank Gene Database
M29874
GenBank Protein Database
181296
Guide to Pharmacology
1324
UniProt Accession
CP2B6_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2623
GenAtlas
CYP2C9
GeneCards
CYP2C9
GenBank Gene Database
AY341248
Guide to Pharmacology
1326
UniProt Accession
CP2C9_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2620
GeneCards
CYP2C18
GenBank Gene Database
M61853
Guide to Pharmacology
1327
UniProt Accession
CP2CI_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2621
GeneCards
CYP2C19
GenBank Gene Database
M61854
GenBank Protein Database
181344
Guide to Pharmacology
1328
UniProt Accession
CP2CJ_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2637
GenAtlas
CYP3A4
GeneCards
CYP3A4
GenBank Gene Database
M18907
Guide to Pharmacology
1337
UniProt Accession
CP3A4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:399
GenAtlas
ALB
GeneCards
ALB
GenBank Gene Database
V00494
GenBank Protein Database
28590
UniProt Accession
ALBU_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:8498
GenAtlas
ORM1
GeneCards
ORM1
GenBank Gene Database
X02544
GenBank Protein Database
757907
UniProt Accession
A1AG1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:8499
GeneCards
ORM2
GenBank Gene Database
BC015964
GenBank Protein Database
16359000
UniProt Accession
A1AG2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10966
GeneCards
SLC22A2
GenBank Gene Database
X98333
GenBank Protein Database
2281942
Guide to Pharmacology
1020
UniProt Accession
S22A2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:25588
GeneCards
SLC47A1
GenBank Gene Database
AK001709
GenBank Protein Database
7023138
Guide to Pharmacology
1216
UniProt Accession
S47A1_HUMAN
International reference pricing
Reference pricing from DrugBank. Prices are indicative and may not reflect current UK costs.
Source: DrugBank. Used under CC BY-NC 4.0 academic licence for non-commercial purposes.
Patent information
34 active patents, 28 expired
Source: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0. Patent data sourced from national patent offices. Expiry dates may not reflect extensions, regulatory exclusivity periods, or legal challenges.
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications: