Favipiravir 200mg tablets
Prescription only
Requires a prescription from a doctor or prescriber
Tablet
200mg
Oral
Discovered by Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd.
Active ingredients:
Favipiravir
1 safety notice
Safety information for pregnancy and breastfeeding
Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
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Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Favipiravir
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EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
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Clinical guidelines and formulary information
British National Formulary
Favipiravir
BNF
Drug monograph — bnf.nice.org.ukSource: British National Formulary, NICE. Joint Formulary Committee. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
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Supply & product information
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SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF codes from NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA). ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
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Searching UK clinical trials...
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
None known
Half-life
2 to 5.5 hours
Mechanism
The mechanism of action of favipiravir is novel compared to existing influenza a…
Food interactions
None known
Human targets
None mapped
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
97.6%
The bioavailability of favipiravir is almost complete at 97.6%.
[L12075]…
[L12075]…
Half-life
2 to 5.5 hours
The elimination half-life of favipiravir is estimated to range from 2 to 5.5 hours.
[A191721]
[A191721]
Protein binding
54%
Favipiravir is 54% plasma protein-bound.
[A191721]
Of this fraction, 65% is bound to serum albumin and 6.5%…
[A191721]
Of this fraction, 65% is bound to serum albumin and 6.5%…
Volume of distribution
15 - 20 L
The apparent volume of distribution of favipiravir is 15 - 20 L.
[A191727]
[A191727]
Metabolism
Favipiravir is extensively metabolized with metabolites excreted mainly in the urine.
[A191724]…
[A191724]…
Elimination
Favipiravir's metabolites are predominantly renally cleared.
[A191721]
[A191721]
Clearance
1600 mg
The recommended oral dosing regimen for favipiravir is as follows: Day 1: 1600 mg twice daily; Days 2-5: 600 mg twice daily.
[L12075]…
[L12075]…
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Status:
Approved
Investigational
Small molecule
About this compound
Discovered by Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd. in Japan, favipiravir is a modified pyrazine analog that was initially approved for therapeutic use in resistant cases of influenza.[A191688][A191721] The antiviral targets RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzymes, which are necessary for the transcription and replication of viral genomes.[A191688][A191772][A191775]
Not only does favipiravir inhibit replication of influenza A and B, but the drug has shown promise in the treatment of avian influenza, and may be an alternative option for influenza strains that are resistant to neuramidase inhibitors.[A191721][L12090] Favipiravir has been investigated for the treatment of life-threatening pathogens such as Ebola virus, Lassa virus, and now COVID-19.[A191724][A191958][A191961]
Not only does favipiravir inhibit replication of influenza A and B, but the drug has shown promise in the treatment of avian influenza, and may be an alternative option for influenza strains that are resistant to neuramidase inhibitors.[A191721][L12090] Favipiravir has been investigated for the treatment of life-threatening pathogens such as Ebola virus, Lassa virus, and now COVID-19.[A191724][A191958][A191961]
Properties:
solid
Avg. mass: 157.10 Da
DrugBank indication
In 2014, favipiravir was approved in Japan to treat cases of influenza that were unresponsive to conventional treatment.
[A191721]
Given its efficacy at targetting several strains of influenza, it has been investigated in other countries to treat novel viruses including Ebola and most recently, COVID-19.
[A191688][A191724][L12012]
[A191721]
Given its efficacy at targetting several strains of influenza, it has been investigated in other countries to treat novel viruses including Ebola and most recently, COVID-19.
[A191688][A191724][L12012]
Also known as(65)
Fapilavir
Favilavir
Favipiravir
2.7.7.48
PB1
Polymerase basic protein 1
RNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit P1
2.7.7.6
Dosage forms(4)
Tablet (Oral) — 200.00 mg
Tablet, film coated (Oral) — 200 mg
Tablet (Oral) — 200 mg
Tablet, film coated (Oral)
Molecular properties(19)
Drug interactions(380)
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
The serum concentration of Afatinib can be increased when it is combined with Favipiravir.
The serum concentration of Bosutinib can be increased when it is combined with Favipiravir.
Brentuximab vedotin
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Brentuximab vedotin can be increased when it is combined with Favipiravir.
Colchicine
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Colchicine can be increased when it is combined with Favipiravir.
The serum concentration of Edoxaban can be increased when it is combined with Favipiravir.
Ledipasvir
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Ledipasvir can be increased when it is combined with Favipiravir.
The serum concentration of Naloxegol can be increased when it is combined with Favipiravir.
The serum concentration of Pazopanib can be increased when it is combined with Favipiravir.
Prucalopride
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Prucalopride can be increased when it is combined with Favipiravir.
Ranolazine
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Ranolazine can be increased when it is combined with Favipiravir.
The excretion of Silodosin can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
The serum concentration of Topotecan can be increased when it is combined with Favipiravir.
Everolimus
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Everolimus can be increased when it is combined with Favipiravir.
The serum concentration of Rifaximin can be increased when it is combined with Favipiravir.
Succinic acid
Unknown severity
The excretion of Succinic acid can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Citrulline
Unknown severity
The excretion of Citrulline can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Pravastatin
Unknown severity
The excretion of Pravastatin can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Oseltamivir
Unknown severity
The excretion of Oseltamivir can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
The excretion of Cefotiam can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Conjugated estrogens
Unknown severity
The excretion of Conjugated estrogens can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Tenofovir disoproxil
Unknown severity
The excretion of Tenofovir disoproxil can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Piperacillin
Unknown severity
The excretion of Piperacillin can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Indomethacin
Unknown severity
The excretion of Indomethacin can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Aminohippuric acid
Unknown severity
The excretion of Aminohippuric acid can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Trifluridine
Unknown severity
The excretion of Trifluridine can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Allopurinol
Unknown severity
The excretion of Allopurinol can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Zidovudine
Unknown severity
The excretion of Zidovudine can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Cimetidine
Unknown severity
The excretion of Cimetidine can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
The excretion of Cefdinir can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Methotrexate
Unknown severity
The excretion of Methotrexate can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Cephalexin
Unknown severity
The excretion of Cephalexin can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Valaciclovir
Unknown severity
The excretion of Valaciclovir can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Levocarnitine
Unknown severity
The excretion of Levocarnitine can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Leucovorin
Unknown severity
The excretion of Leucovorin can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Fluorescein
Unknown severity
The excretion of Fluorescein can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Hydrocortisone
Unknown severity
The excretion of Hydrocortisone can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Tetracycline
Unknown severity
The excretion of Tetracycline can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
The excretion of Estradiol can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
The excretion of Acyclovir can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
The excretion of Cefaclor can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Ranitidine
Unknown severity
The excretion of Ranitidine can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
The excretion of Quinapril can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Bumetanide
Unknown severity
The excretion of Bumetanide can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Dinoprostone
Unknown severity
The excretion of Dinoprostone can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Famotidine
Unknown severity
The excretion of Famotidine can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Fexofenadine
Unknown severity
The excretion of Fexofenadine can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Hydrochlorothiazide
Unknown severity
The excretion of Hydrochlorothiazide can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Benzylpenicillin
Unknown severity
The excretion of Benzylpenicillin can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Rosuvastatin
Unknown severity
The excretion of Rosuvastatin can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
The excretion of Captopril can be decreased when combined with Favipiravir.
Showing 50 of 380 interactions
Toxicity & overdose
Based on single-dose toxicity studies, the lethal dose for oral and intravenous favipiravir in mice is estimated to be >2000 mg/kg.
[L12075]
In rats, the lethal dose for oral administration is >2000 mg/kg, while the lethal dose in dogs and monkeys is >1000 mg/kg.
[L12075]
Symptoms of overdose appear to include but are not limited to reduced body weight, vomiting, and decreased locomotor activity.
[L12075]
In repeat-dose toxicity studies involving dogs, rats, and monkeys, notable findings after administration of oral favipiravir included: adverse effects on hematopoietic tissues such as decreased red blood cell (RBC) production, and increases in liver function parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin, and increased vacuolization in hepatocytes.
[L12075]
Testis toxicity was also noted.
[L12075]
Favipiravir is known to be teratogenic; therefore, administration of favipiravir should be avoided in women if pregnancy is confirmed or suspected.
[A191688][A192066]
Toxicity information regarding favipiravir in humans is not readily available.
[L12075]
In rats, the lethal dose for oral administration is >2000 mg/kg, while the lethal dose in dogs and monkeys is >1000 mg/kg.
[L12075]
Symptoms of overdose appear to include but are not limited to reduced body weight, vomiting, and decreased locomotor activity.
[L12075]
In repeat-dose toxicity studies involving dogs, rats, and monkeys, notable findings after administration of oral favipiravir included: adverse effects on hematopoietic tissues such as decreased red blood cell (RBC) production, and increases in liver function parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin, and increased vacuolization in hepatocytes.
[L12075]
Testis toxicity was also noted.
[L12075]
Favipiravir is known to be teratogenic; therefore, administration of favipiravir should be avoided in women if pregnancy is confirmed or suspected.
[A191688][A192066]
Toxicity information regarding favipiravir in humans is not readily available.
How it works
Mechanism of action
The mechanism of action of favipiravir is novel compared to existing influenza antivirals that primarily prevent entry and exit of the virus from cells.[A191688] The active favipiravir-RTP selectively inhibits RNA polymerase and prevents replication of the viral genome.[L12075] There are several hypotheses as to how favipiravir-RTP interacts with RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).[A191688] Some studies have shown that when favipiravir-RTP is incorporated into a nascent RNA strand, it prevents RNA strand elongation and viral proliferation.[A191688] Studies have also found that the presence of purine analogs can reduce favipiravir’s antiviral activity, suggesting competition between favipiravir-RTP and purine nucleosides for RdRp binding.[A191688]
Although favipiravir was originally developed to treat influenza, the RdRp catalytic domain (favipiravir's primary target), is expected to be similar for other RNA viruses.[A191688] This conserved RdRp catalytic domain contributes to favipiravir's broad-spectrum coverage.[A191688]
Although favipiravir was originally developed to treat influenza, the RdRp catalytic domain (favipiravir's primary target), is expected to be similar for other RNA viruses.[A191688] This conserved RdRp catalytic domain contributes to favipiravir's broad-spectrum coverage.[A191688]
Pharmacodynamics
Favipiravir functions as a prodrug and undergoes ribosylation and phosphorylation intracellularly to become the active favipiravir-RTP.[A191688][A191724] Favipiravir-RTP binds to and inhibits RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which ultimately prevents viral transcription and replication.[A191688][A191691]
Pharmacokinetics
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Absorption
The bioavailability of favipiravir is almost complete at 97.6%.
[L12075]
The mean Cmax for the recommended dosing schedule of favipiravir is 51.5 ug/mL.
[L12075]
Studies comparing the pharmacokinetic effects of multiple doses of favipiravir in healthy American and Japanese subjects are below:
Japanese subjects First Dose:
Cmax = 36.24 ug/mL
tmax = 0.5 hr
AUC = 91.40 ugxhr/mL
American subjects First Dose:
Cmax = 22.01 ug/mL
tmax = 0.5 hr
AUC = 44.11 ugxhr/mL
Japanese Subjects Final Dose:
Cmax = 36.23 ug/mL
Tmax = 0.5 hr
AUC = 215.05 ugxhr/mL
American Subjects Final Dose:
Cmax = 23.94 ug/mL
Tmax = 0.6 hr
AUC = 73.27 ugxhr/mL
When favipiravir was given as a single dose of 400 mg with food, the Cmax decreased.
[L12075]
It appears that when favipiravir is given at a higher dose or in multiple doses, irreversible inhibition of aldehyde oxidase (AO) occurs and the effect of food on the Cmax is lessened.
[L12075]
[L12075]
The mean Cmax for the recommended dosing schedule of favipiravir is 51.5 ug/mL.
[L12075]
Studies comparing the pharmacokinetic effects of multiple doses of favipiravir in healthy American and Japanese subjects are below:
Japanese subjects First Dose:
Cmax = 36.24 ug/mL
tmax = 0.5 hr
AUC = 91.40 ugxhr/mL
American subjects First Dose:
Cmax = 22.01 ug/mL
tmax = 0.5 hr
AUC = 44.11 ugxhr/mL
Japanese Subjects Final Dose:
Cmax = 36.23 ug/mL
Tmax = 0.5 hr
AUC = 215.05 ugxhr/mL
American Subjects Final Dose:
Cmax = 23.94 ug/mL
Tmax = 0.6 hr
AUC = 73.27 ugxhr/mL
When favipiravir was given as a single dose of 400 mg with food, the Cmax decreased.
[L12075]
It appears that when favipiravir is given at a higher dose or in multiple doses, irreversible inhibition of aldehyde oxidase (AO) occurs and the effect of food on the Cmax is lessened.
[L12075]
Half-life
The elimination half-life of favipiravir is estimated to range from 2 to 5.5 hours.
[A191721]
[A191721]
Protein binding
Favipiravir is 54% plasma protein-bound.
[A191721]
Of this fraction, 65% is bound to serum albumin and 6.5% is bound to ɑ1-acid glycoprotein.
[L12075]
[A191721]
Of this fraction, 65% is bound to serum albumin and 6.5% is bound to ɑ1-acid glycoprotein.
[L12075]
Volume of distribution
The apparent volume of distribution of favipiravir is 15 - 20 L.
[A191727]
[A191727]
Metabolism
Favipiravir is extensively metabolized with metabolites excreted mainly in the urine.
[A191724]
The antiviral undergoes hydroxylation primarily by aldehyde oxidase and to a lesser extent by xanthine oxidase to the inactive metabolite, T705M1.
[A191724]
[A191724]
The antiviral undergoes hydroxylation primarily by aldehyde oxidase and to a lesser extent by xanthine oxidase to the inactive metabolite, T705M1.
[A191724]
Route of elimination
Favipiravir's metabolites are predominantly renally cleared.
[A191721]
[A191721]
Clearance
The recommended oral dosing regimen for favipiravir is as follows: Day 1: 1600 mg twice daily; Days 2-5: 600 mg twice daily.
[L12075]
The reported CL/F for favipiravir 1600 mg dosed once daily is 2.98 L/hr ±0.30 and the CL/F values for favipiravir 600 mg dosed twice daily on days 1-2 and once daily on days 3-7 were 6.72 L/hr ±1.68 on Day 1, and 2.89 L/hr ±0.91 on Day 7.
[L12075]
There is currently no reported clearance data for favipiravir 1600 mg dosed twice daily.
[L12075]
The reported CL/F for favipiravir 1600 mg dosed once daily is 2.98 L/hr ±0.30 and the CL/F values for favipiravir 600 mg dosed twice daily on days 1-2 and once daily on days 3-7 were 6.72 L/hr ±1.68 on Day 1, and 2.89 L/hr ±0.91 on Day 7.
[L12075]
There is currently no reported clearance data for favipiravir 1600 mg dosed twice daily.
Metabolizing enzymes(4)
Enzymes involved in drug metabolism — important for understanding drug interactions
Enzyme activity key
substrate
inhibitor
inducer
AOX1Aldehyde oxidase
substrate
inhibitor
XDHXanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase
substrate
CYP2C8Cytochrome P450 2C8
inhibitor
CYP2E1Cytochrome P450 2E1
inhibitor
Transporters(4)
Proteins that transport this drug across cell membranes
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1
ABCB1
inhibitor
Specific functionABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Translocates drugs and phospholipids across the membrane .
PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:8898203 PMID:9038218 PMID:35507548
Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins .
PMID:8898203
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:9038218
PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:8898203 PMID:9038218 PMID:35507548
Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins .
PMID:8898203
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:9038218
Solute carrier family 22 member 6
SLC22A6
inhibitor
Specific functionalpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular location
Basolateral cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Secondary active transporter that functions as a Na(+)-independent organic anion (OA)/dicarboxylate antiporter where the uptake of one molecule of OA into the cell is coupled with an efflux of one molecule of intracellular dicarboxylate such as 2-oxoglutarate or glutarate .
PMID:11669456 PMID:11907186 PMID:14675047 PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370 PMID:28534121 PMID:9950961
Mediates the uptake of OA across the basolateral side of proximal tubule epithelial cells, thereby contributing to the renal elimination of endogenous OA from the systemic circulation into the urine .
PMID:9887087
Functions as a biopterin transporters involved in the uptake and the secretion of coenzymes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and sepiapterin to urine, thereby determining baseline levels of blood biopterins .
PMID:28534121
Transports prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) and may contribute to their renal excretion .
PMID:11907186
Also mediates the uptake of cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP and cGMP .
PMID:26377792
Involved in the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites kynurenate (KYNA) and xanthurenate (XA) and may contribute to their secretion from the brain .
PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370
May transport glutamate .
PMID:26377792
Also involved in the disposition of uremic toxins and potentially toxic xenobiotics by the renal organic anion secretory pathway, helping reduce their undesired toxicological effects on the body .
PMID:11669456 PMID:14675047
Uremic toxins include the indoxyl sulfate (IS), hippurate/N-benzoylglycine (HA), indole acetate (IA), 3-carboxy-4- methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF) and urate .
PMID:14675047 PMID:26377792
Xenobiotics include the mycotoxin ochratoxin (OTA) .
PMID:11669456
May also contribute to the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier PMID:35307651
PMID:11669456 PMID:11907186 PMID:14675047 PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370 PMID:28534121 PMID:9950961
Mediates the uptake of OA across the basolateral side of proximal tubule epithelial cells, thereby contributing to the renal elimination of endogenous OA from the systemic circulation into the urine .
PMID:9887087
Functions as a biopterin transporters involved in the uptake and the secretion of coenzymes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and sepiapterin to urine, thereby determining baseline levels of blood biopterins .
PMID:28534121
Transports prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) and may contribute to their renal excretion .
PMID:11907186
Also mediates the uptake of cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP and cGMP .
PMID:26377792
Involved in the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites kynurenate (KYNA) and xanthurenate (XA) and may contribute to their secretion from the brain .
PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370
May transport glutamate .
PMID:26377792
Also involved in the disposition of uremic toxins and potentially toxic xenobiotics by the renal organic anion secretory pathway, helping reduce their undesired toxicological effects on the body .
PMID:11669456 PMID:14675047
Uremic toxins include the indoxyl sulfate (IS), hippurate/N-benzoylglycine (HA), indole acetate (IA), 3-carboxy-4- methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF) and urate .
PMID:14675047 PMID:26377792
Xenobiotics include the mycotoxin ochratoxin (OTA) .
PMID:11669456
May also contribute to the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier PMID:35307651
Organic anion transporter 3
SLC22A8
inhibitor
Specific functionorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular location
Basolateral cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Functions as an organic anion/dicarboxylate exchanger that couples organic anion uptake indirectly to the sodium gradient .
PMID:14586168 PMID:15644426 PMID:15846473 PMID:16455804 PMID:31553721
Transports organic anions such as estrone 3-sulfate (E1S) and urate in exchange for dicarboxylates such as glutarate or ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate) .
PMID:14586168 PMID:15846473 PMID:15864504 PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370
Plays an important role in the excretion of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the kidney and the brain .
PMID:11306713 PMID:14586168 PMID:15846473
E1S transport is pH- and chloride-dependent and may also involve E1S/cGMP exchange .
PMID:26377792
Responsible for the transport of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2(alpha) (PGF2(alpha)) in the basolateral side of the renal tubule .
PMID:11907186
Involved in the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites kynurenate and xanthurenate .
PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370
Functions as a biopterin transporters involved in the uptake and the secretion of coenzymes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and sepiapterin to urine, thereby determining baseline levels of blood biopterins .
PMID:28534121
May be involved in the basolateral transport of steviol, a metabolite of the popular sugar substitute stevioside .
PMID:15644426
May participate in the detoxification/ renal excretion of drugs and xenobiotics, such as the histamine H(2)-receptor antagonists fexofenadine and cimetidine, the antibiotic benzylpenicillin (PCG), the anionic herbicide 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), the diagnostic agent p-aminohippurate (PAH), the antiviral acyclovir (ACV), and the mycotoxin ochratoxin (OTA), by transporting these exogenous organic anions across the cell membrane in exchange for dicarboxylates such as 2-oxoglutarate .
PMID:11669456 PMID:15846473 PMID:16455804
Contributes to the renal uptake of potent uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate (IS), indole acetate (IA), hippurate/N-benzoylglycine (HA) and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF)), pravastatin, PCG, E1S and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and is partly involved in the renal uptake of temocaprilat (an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) .
PMID:14675047
May contribute to the release of cortisol in the adrenals .
PMID:15864504
Involved in one of the detoxification systems on the choroid plexus (CP), removes substrates such as E1S or taurocholate (TC), PCG, 2,4-D and PAH, from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the blood for eventual excretion in urine and bile (By similarity). Also contributes to the uptake of several other organic compounds such as the prostanoids prostaglandin E(2) and prostaglandin F(2-alpha), L-carnitine, and the therapeutic drugs allopurinol, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (By similarity). Mediates the transport of PAH, PCG, and the statins pravastatin and pitavastatin, from the cerebrum into the blood circulation across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
In summary, plays a role in the efflux of drugs and xenobiotics, helping reduce their undesired toxicological effects on the body (By similarity)
PMID:14586168 PMID:15644426 PMID:15846473 PMID:16455804 PMID:31553721
Transports organic anions such as estrone 3-sulfate (E1S) and urate in exchange for dicarboxylates such as glutarate or ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate) .
PMID:14586168 PMID:15846473 PMID:15864504 PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370
Plays an important role in the excretion of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the kidney and the brain .
PMID:11306713 PMID:14586168 PMID:15846473
E1S transport is pH- and chloride-dependent and may also involve E1S/cGMP exchange .
PMID:26377792
Responsible for the transport of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2(alpha) (PGF2(alpha)) in the basolateral side of the renal tubule .
PMID:11907186
Involved in the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites kynurenate and xanthurenate .
PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370
Functions as a biopterin transporters involved in the uptake and the secretion of coenzymes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and sepiapterin to urine, thereby determining baseline levels of blood biopterins .
PMID:28534121
May be involved in the basolateral transport of steviol, a metabolite of the popular sugar substitute stevioside .
PMID:15644426
May participate in the detoxification/ renal excretion of drugs and xenobiotics, such as the histamine H(2)-receptor antagonists fexofenadine and cimetidine, the antibiotic benzylpenicillin (PCG), the anionic herbicide 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), the diagnostic agent p-aminohippurate (PAH), the antiviral acyclovir (ACV), and the mycotoxin ochratoxin (OTA), by transporting these exogenous organic anions across the cell membrane in exchange for dicarboxylates such as 2-oxoglutarate .
PMID:11669456 PMID:15846473 PMID:16455804
Contributes to the renal uptake of potent uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate (IS), indole acetate (IA), hippurate/N-benzoylglycine (HA) and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF)), pravastatin, PCG, E1S and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and is partly involved in the renal uptake of temocaprilat (an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) .
PMID:14675047
May contribute to the release of cortisol in the adrenals .
PMID:15864504
Involved in one of the detoxification systems on the choroid plexus (CP), removes substrates such as E1S or taurocholate (TC), PCG, 2,4-D and PAH, from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the blood for eventual excretion in urine and bile (By similarity). Also contributes to the uptake of several other organic compounds such as the prostanoids prostaglandin E(2) and prostaglandin F(2-alpha), L-carnitine, and the therapeutic drugs allopurinol, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (By similarity). Mediates the transport of PAH, PCG, and the statins pravastatin and pitavastatin, from the cerebrum into the blood circulation across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
In summary, plays a role in the efflux of drugs and xenobiotics, helping reduce their undesired toxicological effects on the body (By similarity)
Solute carrier family 22 member 12
SLC22A12
inhibitor
Specific functionPDZ domain binding
Cellular location
Apical cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Electroneutral antiporter that translocates urate across the apical membrane of proximal tubular cells in exchange for monovalent organic or inorganic anions .
PMID:12024214 PMID:22194875 PMID:35144162 PMID:35462902
Involved in renal reabsorption of urate and helps maintaining blood levels of uric acid .
PMID:12024214 PMID:22194875
Mediates urate uptake by an exchange with organic anions such as (S)-lactate and nicotinate, and inorganic anion Cl(-) .
PMID:12024214
Other inorganic anions such as Br(-), I(-) and NO3(-) may also act as counteranions that exchange for urate .
PMID:12024214
Also mediates orotate tubular uptake coupled with nicotinate efflux and to a lesser extent with lactate efflux, therefore displaying a potential role in orotate renal reabsorption .
PMID:21350910
Orotate transport is Cl(-)-dependent PMID:21350910
PMID:12024214 PMID:22194875 PMID:35144162 PMID:35462902
Involved in renal reabsorption of urate and helps maintaining blood levels of uric acid .
PMID:12024214 PMID:22194875
Mediates urate uptake by an exchange with organic anions such as (S)-lactate and nicotinate, and inorganic anion Cl(-) .
PMID:12024214
Other inorganic anions such as Br(-), I(-) and NO3(-) may also act as counteranions that exchange for urate .
PMID:12024214
Also mediates orotate tubular uptake coupled with nicotinate efflux and to a lesser extent with lactate efflux, therefore displaying a potential role in orotate renal reabsorption .
PMID:21350910
Orotate transport is Cl(-)-dependent PMID:21350910
Carriers(2)
Proteins that carry this drug through the body
Albumin
ALB
carrier
Specific functionantioxidant activity
Cellular location
Secreted
General function & pharmacology
Binds water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs (Probable). Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood (Probable). Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc .
PMID:19021548
Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity).
Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity).
Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli .
PMID:6234017
Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin PMID:6234017
PMID:19021548
Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity).
Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity).
Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli .
PMID:6234017
Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin PMID:6234017
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2
ORM2
carrier
Cellular location
Secreted
General function & pharmacology
Functions as a transport protein in the blood stream. Binds various hydrophobic ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain. Also binds synthetic drugs and influences their distribution and availability.
Appears to function in modulating the activity of the immune system during the acute-phase reaction
Appears to function in modulating the activity of the immune system during the acute-phase reaction
Scientific references(16)
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In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of T-705 against Arenavirus and Bunyavirus Infections.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
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Sidwell R.W., Barnard D.L., Day C.W., Smee D.F., Bailey K.W., Wong M.H., Morrey J.D., Furuta Y.
Efficacy of Orally Administered T-705 on Lethal Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Infections in Mice.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
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Mechanism of Action of T-705 against Influenza Virus.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
200549(3):981-986. doi: 10.1128/aac.49.3.981-986.2005
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In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Anti-Influenza Virus Compound T-705.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
200246(4):977-981. doi: 10.1128/aac.46.4.977-981.2002
Furuta Y., Komeno T., Nakamura T.
Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase.
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201793(7):449-463. doi: 10.2183/pjab.93.027
Venkataraman S., Prasad BVLS, Selvarajan R.
RNA Dependent RNA Polymerases: Insights from Structure, Function and Evolution.
Viruses
2018 Feb 1010(2). pii: v10020076. doi: 10.3390/v10020076
Hayden F.G., Shindo N.
Influenza virus polymerase inhibitors in clinical development.
Curr Opinion Infectious Diseases
2019 Apr32(2):176-186. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000532
Madelain V., Nguyen T.H., Olivo A., de Lamballerie X., Guedj J., Taburet A.M., Mentre F.
Ebola Virus Infection: Review of the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Drugs Considered for Testing in Human Efficacy Trials.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics
2016 Aug55(8):907-23. doi: 10.1007/s40262-015-0364-1
Nguyen T.H., Guedj J., Anglaret X., Laouenan C., Madelain V., Taburet A.M., Baize S., Sissoko D., Pastorino B., Rodallec A., Piorkowski G., Carazo S., Conde M.N., Gala J.L., Bore J.A., Carbonnelle C., Jacquot F., Raoul H., Malvy D., de Lamballerie X., Mentre F.
Favipiravir pharmacokinetics in Ebola-Infected patients of the JIKI trial reveals concentrations lower than targeted.
PLoS Negl Trop Diseases
2017 Feb 2311(2):e0005389. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005389. eCollection 2017 Feb
de Farias S.T., Dos Santos Junior A.P., Rego T.G., Jose M.V.
Origin and Evolution of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase.
Front Genetics
2017 Sep 208:125. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00125. eCollection 2017
Shu B., Gong P.
Structural basis of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalysis and translocation.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2016 Jul 12113(28):E4005-14. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1602591113. Epub 2016 Jun 23
Nagata T., Lefor A.K., Hasegawa M., Ishii M.
Favipiravir: a new medication for the Ebola virus disease pandemic.
Disaster Medicine Public Health Prep
2015 Feb9(1):79-81. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2014.151. Epub 2014 Dec 29
Rosenke K., Feldmann H., Westover J.B., Hanley P.W., Martellaro C., Feldmann F., Saturday G., Lovaglio J., Scott D.P., Furuta Y., Komeno T., Gowen B.B., Safronetz D.
Use of Favipiravir to Treat Lassa Virus Infection in Macaques.
Emerg Infectious Diseases
2018 Sep24(9):1696-1699. doi: 10.3201/eid2409.180233. Epub 2018 Sep 17
Delang L., Abdelnabi R., Neyts J.
Favipiravir as a potential countermeasure against neglected and emerging RNA viruses.
Antiviral Research
2018 May153:85-94. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.03.003. Epub 2018 Mar 7
ATC classification(1 code)
ATC J05AX27
International brands(1)
Experimental properties(3)
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Show
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Favipiravir
Additional database identifiers
ChemSpider
431002
BindingDB
429507
ZINC
ZINC000013915654
UniProt Accession
RDRP_I01A0
UniProt Accession
RPOC_MYCTU
UniProt Accession
RPOB_MYCTU
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:553
GeneCards
AOX1
GenBank Gene Database
L11005
GenBank Protein Database
438656
Guide to Pharmacology
3186
UniProt Accession
AOXA_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:12805
GenAtlas
XDH
GeneCards
XDH
GenBank Gene Database
D11456
GenBank Protein Database
10336525
Guide to Pharmacology
2646
UniProt Accession
XDH_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2622
GenAtlas
CYP2C8
GeneCards
CYP2C8
GenBank Gene Database
M17397
Guide to Pharmacology
1325
UniProt Accession
CP2C8_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2631
GeneCards
CYP2E1
GenBank Gene Database
J02625
GenBank Protein Database
181360
Guide to Pharmacology
1330
UniProt Accession
CP2E1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:399
GenAtlas
ALB
GeneCards
ALB
GenBank Gene Database
V00494
GenBank Protein Database
28590
UniProt Accession
ALBU_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:8498
GenAtlas
ORM1
GeneCards
ORM1
GenBank Gene Database
X02544
GenBank Protein Database
757907
UniProt Accession
A1AG1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:8499
GeneCards
ORM2
GenBank Gene Database
BC015964
GenBank Protein Database
16359000
UniProt Accession
A1AG2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:40
GenAtlas
ABCB1
GeneCards
ABCB1
GenBank Gene Database
M14758
GenBank Protein Database
307180
Guide to Pharmacology
768
UniProt Accession
MDR1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10970
GenAtlas
hROAT1
GeneCards
SLC22A6
GenBank Gene Database
AF057039
GenBank Protein Database
3831566
Guide to Pharmacology
1025
UniProt Accession
S22A6_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10972
GeneCards
SLC22A8
GenBank Gene Database
AF097491
GenBank Protein Database
4378059
Guide to Pharmacology
1027
UniProt Accession
S22A8_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:17989
GeneCards
SLC22A12
Guide to Pharmacology
1031
UniProt Accession
S22AC_HUMAN
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications:
Knox C., Wilson M., Klinger C.M., et al
DrugBank 6.
0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024
Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 552(D1):D1265-D1275
Wishart D.S., Feunang Y.D., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank 5.
0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018
Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Nov 846(D1):D1074-D1082
Show earlier publications
Law V., Knox C., Djoumbou Y., et al
DrugBank 4.
0: shedding new light on drug metabolism
Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Jan 142(1):D1091-7
Knox C., Law V., Jewison T., et al
DrugBank 3.
0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan39(Database issue):D1035-41
Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets.
Nucleic Acids Research
2008 Jan36(Database issue):D901-6
Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration.
Nucleic Acids Research
2006 Jan 134(Database issue):D668-72
Source: go.drugbank.comCC BY-NC 4.0
Updated 26 days ago(8 Mar 2026)