Estropipate 1.5mg tablets

To evaluate whether the measurement of urinary estrone glucuronide and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations with an at-home device is correlated with serum hormone levels within a natural cycle frozen embryo transfer protocol. The hypothesis is that home urinary monitoring can reliably detect the LH surge and serve as a trigger for timing the FET. Results of this study may ultimately lead to change in clinical practice by reducing the number of clinic visits for serum monitoring, offering a more convenient, time and cost saving method of detection of LH surge. If the proposed protocol were feasible and widely accepted by patients, this would prompt the wide adoption of a less invasive but equally as effective FET protocol. Conditions: Fertility Issues. Interventions: MIRA Device.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov (public domain)

Portal hypertension (PH) is a group of syndromes characterized by abnormal changes in the portal blood flow system, mostly caused by cirrhosis. It is an important factor affecting the clinical prognosis of cirrhotic patients, and its severity determines the occurrence and development of cirrhotic complications. Clinically, measurement of portal venous pressure directly is highly invasive, and factors such as intra-abdominal pressure changes can interfere with the results, limiting its clinical application. Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the gold standard for assessing PH in cirrhosis. The normal range of HVPG is 3\~5 mmHg, and HVPG ≥5 mmHg indicates the presence of PH. AASLD stated that HVPG ≥10 mmHg is defined as clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH), and the risk of decompensation events is significantly increased at this stage. However, HVPG is an invasive test, which is unacceptable to some patients, such as being expensive, difficult to repeat, and poor patient compliance. Non-invasive tests for PH include serological tests, anatomical imaging and combination models. Imaging evidence of portal collateral circulation or hepatic blood flow in the portal venous system based on ultrasound Doppler, CT or magnetic resonance imaging techniques can assist to diagnose PH. In addition, elastography techniques such as transient elastography, point shear wave elastography, two-dimensional shear wave elastography and magnetic resonance elastography can be used to measure liver stiffness and spleen stiffness to assess PH. Some biochemical markers are also considered as non-invasive tests for PH. However, the available biomarkers are not yet a substitute for the HVPG accurately, and therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of biomarkers associated with HVPG in clinical practice. Metabolomics is a method to analyze the concentrated changes of endogenous small molecule metabolites under the combined effect of genetic, biological and environmental factors with the help of various high-throughput technologies. Metabolites are at the end of the biological information flow, and their changes are the ultimate expression of the information from the coordinated action of each group, objectively reflecting the overall changes of the organism. Currently, metabolomics techniques have been widely used in screening biomarkers of liver diseases. Wang et al. applied GC-TOF/MS and UPLC-QTOF/MS to study the urinary metabolomics of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and showed that α-hydroxymaurolate, tyrosine-betaine, 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, knife-serine succinate, estrone and GUDCA were significantly altered in different Child-Pugh grades of cirrhosis, suggesting that these metabolites are potential biomarkers to identify different pathological stages of cirrhosis. Therefore, metabolomics is a reliable and valid tool for biomarker discovery. In conclusion, this study analyzed significantly altered metabolites in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis using metabolomics to explore potential differential metabolites that are highly correlated with HVPG. Further, serological biomarkers were identified as an alternative to HVPG testing through model construction and validation. Conditions: Cirrhosis, Liver, Portal Hypertension. Interventions: Metabolites and HVPG.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov (public domain)

The WHI found an unexpected reduced breast cancer risk in women using CEE alone. We hypothesized CEE alone induces estrogen hydroxylation along the 2-pathway rather than the competing 16-pathway, a pattern linked to reduced postmenopausal breast cancer risk. One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four women in a WHIOS case-control study of estrogen metabolism and ovarian and endometrial cancer were studied of whom 609 were current E + P users (351 used CEE + MPA), while 272 used E alone (162 used CEE). Fifteen EM were measured, and analyses were conducted for each metabolite, hydroxylation pathway (2-, 4-, or 16-pathway) and ratios of pathway concentrations using inverse probability weighted linear regression. Compared to E + P users, all EM were higher in E alone users (significant for unconjugated estrone, total/conjugated estradiol, total/unconjugated 2-methoxyestrone, 4-methoxyestrone and unconjugated estriol). The relative concentrations of 2- and 4-pathway EM did not differ between the MHT users (2-pathway EM comprised 15% and 4-pathway EM <2% of the total), but 16-pathway EM were lower in E alone users (p = 0.036). Ratios of 2- and 4-pathway EM compared to 16-pathway EM were significantly higher in E alone compared to E + P users. Similar but not significant patterns were observed in CEE-alone and CEE + MPA users. Our data suggest that compared to E + P users, women using E alone have more extensive metabolism via the 2- vs. the competing 16-pathway. This is consistent with epidemiologic evidence of reduced postmenopausal breast cancer risk associated with this metabolic profile and may provide a clue to the breast cancer risk reduction in CEE alone users during the WHI.

Abstract licence: Public domain

The goal of this study is to assess the effects of higher doses versus standard hormone therapy on quality of life (QoL), symptoms due to estrogen deficiency, and bone health in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The efficacy of the hormonal treatment will be assessed clinically and also by measuring serum concentrations of Estradiol (E2), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), total Testosterone (T), Estrone (E1), E1 sulfate (E1S), and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG). Bone mineral density (BMD) will be measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Safety will be assessed by measuring endometrial thickness with Gynecological transvaginal ultrasound (TVS), treatment-related adverse events (AEs) and treatment-emergent AEs monitoring. Conditions: Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Interventions: Transdermal estradiol gel 0.1% 1.5mg/ day, Transdermal estradiol gel 0.1% 2.0mg/ day.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov (public domain)