Erythromycin 4% gel
Prescription only
Requires a prescription from a doctor or prescriber
Acne and rosacea
Active ingredients:
Erythromycin
No active safety alerts
Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
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Source: MHRA Products DatabaseOGL 3.0
Updated 3 months ago(16 Jan 2026)Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
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Similarity based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and NHS BNF section grouping. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
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Clinical guidelines and formulary information
British National Formulary
Erythromycin
BNF
Drug monograph — bnf.nice.org.ukSource: British National Formulary, NICE. Joint Formulary Committee. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
NICE clinical guidance(15)
Gastroparesis in adults: oral erythromycin (ESUOM13)
ESUOM13
Evidence summary
Updated Jun 2013Impetigo: antimicrobial prescribing (NG153)
NG153
Guidance
Updated Feb 2020Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in children and young people: diagnosis and management (NG1)
NG1
NICE guideline
Updated Oct 2019Gastro-oesophageal reflux in children and young people (QS112)
QS112
Quality standard
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Updated Oct 2017Cough (acute): antimicrobial prescribing (NG120)
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NG91
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NG250
NICE guideline
Updated Sept 2025Promoting tolerance of enteral feeds in children and young people: domperidone (ESUOM18)
ESUOM18
Evidence summary
Updated Sept 2014Preterm labour and birth (NG25)
NG25
NICE guideline
Updated Jun 2022Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
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Supply & product information
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Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
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These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
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SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF codes from NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA). ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
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Searching UK clinical trials...
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
7 found
Half-life
3.5 hours
Mechanism
In order to replicate, bacteria require a specific process of protein synthesis, enabled by ribosomal proteins.
Food interactions
3 warnings
Human targets
2 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
1.2 hours
Orally administered erythromycin is readily absorbed. Food intake does not appear to exert effects on serum concentrations of erythromycin.
[L7261]…
[L7261]…
Half-life
3.5 hours
The elimination half-life of oral erythromycin was 3.5 hours according to one study[A174451] and ranged between 2.4-3.1…
Protein binding
93%
Erythromycin demonstrates 93% serum protein binding in the erythromycin propionate form.
[A174454]…
[A174454]…
Volume of distribution
Erythromycin is found in most body fluids and accumulates in leucocytes and inflammatory liquid.
[L7261][A174448][A180607]…
[L7261][A174448][A180607]…
Metabolism
Hepatic first-pass metabolism contributes significantly to erythromycin metabolism after an oral dose.
[A174457]…
[A174457]…
Elimination
5%
In patients with normal liver function, erythromycin concentrates in the liver and is then excreted in the bile.
[L7270]
Under…
[L7270]
Under…
Clearance
0.13 l/h
The clearance of erythromycin in healthy subjects was 0.53 ± 0.13…
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Status:
Approved
Investigational
Vet approved
Small molecule
About this compound
Erythromycin is a bacteriostatic antibiotic drug produced by a strain of Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly Streptomyces erythraeus) and belongs to the macrolide group of antibiotics which consists of [Azithromycin], [Clarithromycin], [Spiramycin] and others. It was originally discovered in 1952.[L5245] Erythromycin is widely used for treating a variety of infections, including those caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.[L5245][L7261] It is available for administration in various forms, including intravenous, topical, and eye drop preparations.[L5245]
Properties:
solid
Avg. mass: 733.93 Da
DrugBank indication
Erythromycin is indicated in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of various bacteria.
[L7261]
The indications for erythromycin have been summarized by body system below:
Respiratory infections
Mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae (when used concomitantly with appropriate doses of sulfonamides) can be treated with erythromycin.
[L7261]
Mild to moderate lower-respiratory tract infections due to susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae or Streptococcus pyogenes may also be treated. Erythromycin treats listeriosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes may also be treated with erythromycin.
[L7261]
Erythromycin is indicated to treat pertussis (whooping cough) caused by Bordetella pertussis. It is effective in eliminating the causative organism from the nasopharynx of infected individuals, rendering them noninfectious.
Clinical studies suggest that erythromycin may aid in the prevention of pertussis infection for individuals who have been exposed to the bacteria.
[L7261]
Respiratory tract infections due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae may also be treated with erythromycin.
[L7261]
Despite the fact that no controlled clinical efficacy studies have been conducted to this date, in vitro and certain preliminary clinical study results indicate that erythromycin may be an effective treatment in Legionnaires’ Disease.
[L7261]
Finally, erythromycin is indicated to treat diphtheria and other infections due to Corynebacterium diphtheriae, as an adjunct to antitoxin, to prevent carrier status and to eradicate the organism in existing carriers.
[L7261]
In addition to the prevention of diphtheria, erythromycin can be used to prevent rheumatic fever in penicillin intolerant patients.
[L7261]
Skin infections
Mild to moderate skin or skin structure infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus may be treated with erythromycin, however, resistant staphylococcal organisms may emerge.
[L7261]
Erythromycin can also be used to treat erythrasma, an infectious condition caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum.
[L7261]
Gastrointestinal infections
Intestinal amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica can be treated with oral erythromycin. Extraenteric amebiasis warrants treatment with other antimicrobial drugs.
[L7261]
Genital infections/STIs
Erythromycin can be used as an alternative drug in treating acute pelvic inflammatory disease caused by N. gonorrheae in female patients who have demonstrated hypersensitivity or intolerance to penicillin.
[L7261]
Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum, can be treated with erythromycin. It serves as an alternative treatment for primary syphilis in patients who have demonstrated penicillin hypersensitivity. Erythromycin can also be used in the primary stage of primary syphilis.
[L7261]
Another approved indication of erythromycin is to treat chlamydial infections that cause conjunctivitis of the newborn, pneumonia of infancy, and urogenital infections occurring in pregnancy.
It is indicated as an alternative option to tetracyclines for the treatment of uncomplicated rectal, urethral and endocervical infections in adults caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
[L7261]
Erythromycin can be used in nongonococcal urethritis can be used when tetracyclines cannot be administered. Finally, erythromycin is indicated to treat nongonococcal urethritis due to Ureaplasma urealyticum.
[L7261]
[L7261]
The indications for erythromycin have been summarized by body system below:
Respiratory infections
Mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae (when used concomitantly with appropriate doses of sulfonamides) can be treated with erythromycin.
[L7261]
Mild to moderate lower-respiratory tract infections due to susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae or Streptococcus pyogenes may also be treated. Erythromycin treats listeriosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes may also be treated with erythromycin.
[L7261]
Erythromycin is indicated to treat pertussis (whooping cough) caused by Bordetella pertussis. It is effective in eliminating the causative organism from the nasopharynx of infected individuals, rendering them noninfectious.
Clinical studies suggest that erythromycin may aid in the prevention of pertussis infection for individuals who have been exposed to the bacteria.
[L7261]
Respiratory tract infections due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae may also be treated with erythromycin.
[L7261]
Despite the fact that no controlled clinical efficacy studies have been conducted to this date, in vitro and certain preliminary clinical study results indicate that erythromycin may be an effective treatment in Legionnaires’ Disease.
[L7261]
Finally, erythromycin is indicated to treat diphtheria and other infections due to Corynebacterium diphtheriae, as an adjunct to antitoxin, to prevent carrier status and to eradicate the organism in existing carriers.
[L7261]
In addition to the prevention of diphtheria, erythromycin can be used to prevent rheumatic fever in penicillin intolerant patients.
[L7261]
Skin infections
Mild to moderate skin or skin structure infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus may be treated with erythromycin, however, resistant staphylococcal organisms may emerge.
[L7261]
Erythromycin can also be used to treat erythrasma, an infectious condition caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum.
[L7261]
Gastrointestinal infections
Intestinal amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica can be treated with oral erythromycin. Extraenteric amebiasis warrants treatment with other antimicrobial drugs.
[L7261]
Genital infections/STIs
Erythromycin can be used as an alternative drug in treating acute pelvic inflammatory disease caused by N. gonorrheae in female patients who have demonstrated hypersensitivity or intolerance to penicillin.
[L7261]
Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum, can be treated with erythromycin. It serves as an alternative treatment for primary syphilis in patients who have demonstrated penicillin hypersensitivity. Erythromycin can also be used in the primary stage of primary syphilis.
[L7261]
Another approved indication of erythromycin is to treat chlamydial infections that cause conjunctivitis of the newborn, pneumonia of infancy, and urogenital infections occurring in pregnancy.
It is indicated as an alternative option to tetracyclines for the treatment of uncomplicated rectal, urethral and endocervical infections in adults caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
[L7261]
Erythromycin can be used in nongonococcal urethritis can be used when tetracyclines cannot be administered. Finally, erythromycin is indicated to treat nongonococcal urethritis due to Ureaplasma urealyticum.
[L7261]
Also known as(98)
3''-O-demethylerythromycin
Abomacetin
Eritromicina
Erythromycin
Erythromycin A
Erythromycin C
érythromycine
Erythromycinum
Dosage forms(170)
Ointment (Topical) — 20 mg/1g
Solution (Topical) — 0.2 g/10g
Solution (Oral) — 20 mg
Solution (Topical) — 4 g/100g
Ointment (Cutaneous) — 20 mg
Tablet, delayed release (Oral) — 250 mg / tab
Suspension (Oral) — 200 mg
Suspension (Oral) — 5.0000 g
Molecular properties(19)
Drug interactions(1356)
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
The serum concentration of Afatinib can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
The serum concentration of Bosutinib can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
Brentuximab vedotin
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Brentuximab vedotin can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid which could result in a higher serum level.
Glimepiride
Moderate
Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Glimepiride which could result in a higher serum level.
Olmesartan
Moderate
Olmesartan may decrease the excretion rate of Erythromycin which could result in a higher serum level.
Flucloxacillin
Moderate
Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Flucloxacillin which could result in a higher serum level.
Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Atenolol which could result in a higher serum level.
Rosiglitazone
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Rosiglitazone can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
Fluorescein
Moderate
Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Fluorescein which could result in a higher serum level.
Nitrofurantoin
Moderate
Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Nitrofurantoin which could result in a higher serum level.
Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Naproxen which could result in a higher serum level.
Disulfiram
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Disulfiram can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Cefaclor which could result in a higher serum level.
Tinidazole
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Tinidazole can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Glipizide which could result in a higher serum level.
Sulfinpyrazone
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Sulfinpyrazone can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Indocyanine green acid form which could result in a higher serum level.
Benzbromarone
Moderate
Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Benzbromarone which could result in a higher serum level.
Glycyrrhizic acid
Moderate
Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Glycyrrhizic acid which could result in a higher serum level.
Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Ezetimibe which could result in a higher serum level.
Diethylstilbestrol
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Diethylstilbestrol can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
Indomethacin
Moderate
Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Indomethacin which could result in a higher serum level.
Diclofenac
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Diclofenac can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
Fluvoxamine
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Fluvoxamine can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
Loratadine
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Loratadine can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
The serum concentration of Losartan can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
Telmisartan
Moderate
Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Telmisartan which could result in a higher serum level.
Fenofibrate
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Fenofibrate can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
Belantamab mafodotin
Moderate
Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Belantamab mafodotin which could result in a higher serum level.
Cerivastatin
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Cerivastatin can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
Prasterone sulfate
Moderate
Erythromycin may decrease the excretion rate of Prasterone sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
The serum concentration of Edoxaban can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
Ledipasvir
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Ledipasvir can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
The serum concentration of Naloxegol can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
The serum concentration of Pazopanib can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
Ranolazine
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Ranolazine can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
The excretion of Silodosin can be decreased when combined with Erythromycin.
The serum concentration of Topotecan can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
Brexpiprazole
Moderate
The metabolism of Brexpiprazole can be decreased when combined with Erythromycin.
Eliglustat
Moderate
The metabolism of Eliglustat can be decreased when combined with Erythromycin.
Everolimus
Moderate
The metabolism of Everolimus can be decreased when combined with Erythromycin.
Flibanserin
Moderate
The metabolism of Flibanserin can be decreased when combined with Erythromycin.
The metabolism of Ibrutinib can be decreased when combined with Erythromycin.
Ivabradine
Moderate
The metabolism of Ivabradine can be decreased when combined with Erythromycin.
The metabolism of Ivacaftor can be decreased when combined with Erythromycin.
Lurasidone
Moderate
The metabolism of Lurasidone can be decreased when combined with Erythromycin.
The metabolism of Olaparib can be decreased when combined with Erythromycin.
The metabolism of Sonidegib can be decreased when combined with Erythromycin.
Alfentanil
Unknown severity
The serum concentration of Alfentanil can be increased when it is combined with Erythromycin.
Showing 50 of 1356 interactions
Food & lifestyle interactions
Avoid Grapefruit
Avoid grapefruit products.
Empty Stomach
Take on an empty stomach. Allow approximately 30 minutes to 2 hours before meals, as this increases erythromycin absorption.
Advice
Take with a full glass of water.
Toxicity & overdose
LD50
The oral LD50 of erythromycin in rats is 9272 mg/kg.
[L7279]
Overdose information
Symptoms of overdose may include diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps, and vomiting. Erythromycin should immediately be discontinued in cases of overdose. Rapid elimination of unabsorbed drug should be attempted.
Supportive measures should be initiated. Erythromycin is not adequately removed by peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis.
[L7261]
The oral LD50 of erythromycin in rats is 9272 mg/kg.
[L7279]
Overdose information
Symptoms of overdose may include diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps, and vomiting. Erythromycin should immediately be discontinued in cases of overdose. Rapid elimination of unabsorbed drug should be attempted.
Supportive measures should be initiated. Erythromycin is not adequately removed by peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis.
[L7261]
How it works
Mechanism of action
In order to replicate, bacteria require a specific process of protein synthesis, enabled by ribosomal proteins.[A6505] Erythromycin acts by inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 23S ribosomal RNA molecule in the 50S subunit of ribosomes in susceptible bacterial organisms. It stops bacterial protein synthesis by inhibiting the transpeptidation/translocation step of protein synthesis and by inhibiting the assembly of the 50S ribosomal subunit.[L7261][A14179] This results in the control of various bacterial infections.[A174193][L7261] The strong affinity of macrolides, including erythromycin, for bacterial ribosomes, supports their broad‐spectrum antibacterial activities.[A174193]
Pharmacodynamics
Macrolides, such as erythromycin, stop bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis and translation, treating bacterial infections.[A174175] Erythromycin does not exert effects on nucleic acid synthesis.[L7261] This drug has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms, effectively treating both in vitro and clinical infections. Despite this, it is important to perform bacterial susceptibility testing before administering this antibiotic, as resistance is a common issue that may affect treatment.[L7261]
A note on antimicrobial resistance, pseudomembranous colitis, and hepatotoxicity
Many strains of Haemophilus influenzae are resistant to erythromycin alone but are found to be susceptible to erythromycin and sulfonamides used in combination. It is important to note that Staphylococci that are resistant to erythromycin may emerge during erythromycin and/or sulfonamide therapy.[L7261] Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with most antibacterial agents, including erythromycin, and may range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Therefore, the physician should consider this diagnosis in patients with diarrhea after the administration of antibacterial agents.[L7261] Erythromycin can cause hepatic dysfunction, cholestatic jaundice, and abnormal liver transaminases, particularly when erythromycin estolate is administered.[L7270]
A note on antimicrobial resistance, pseudomembranous colitis, and hepatotoxicity
Many strains of Haemophilus influenzae are resistant to erythromycin alone but are found to be susceptible to erythromycin and sulfonamides used in combination. It is important to note that Staphylococci that are resistant to erythromycin may emerge during erythromycin and/or sulfonamide therapy.[L7261] Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with most antibacterial agents, including erythromycin, and may range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Therefore, the physician should consider this diagnosis in patients with diarrhea after the administration of antibacterial agents.[L7261] Erythromycin can cause hepatic dysfunction, cholestatic jaundice, and abnormal liver transaminases, particularly when erythromycin estolate is administered.[L7270]
Pharmacokinetics
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Absorption
Orally administered erythromycin is readily absorbed. Food intake does not appear to exert effects on serum concentrations of erythromycin.
[L7261]
Some interindividual variation exists in terms of erythromycin absorption, which may impact absorption to varying degrees.
[L7261]
The Cmax of erythromycin is 1.8 mcg/L[A180598] and the Tmax is 1.2 hours.
[A180607]
The serum AUC of erythromycin after the administration of a 500mg oral dose was 7.3±3.9 mg.h/l in one pharmacokinetic study.
[A180607]
Erythromycin is well known for a bioavailability that is variable (18-45%) [A174451][A180595] after oral administration and its susceptibility to broken down under acidic conditions.
[A174448]
[L7261]
Some interindividual variation exists in terms of erythromycin absorption, which may impact absorption to varying degrees.
[L7261]
The Cmax of erythromycin is 1.8 mcg/L[A180598] and the Tmax is 1.2 hours.
[A180607]
The serum AUC of erythromycin after the administration of a 500mg oral dose was 7.3±3.9 mg.h/l in one pharmacokinetic study.
[A180607]
Erythromycin is well known for a bioavailability that is variable (18-45%) [A174451][A180595] after oral administration and its susceptibility to broken down under acidic conditions.
[A174448]
Half-life
The elimination half-life of oral erythromycin was 3.5 hours according to one study[A174451] and ranged between 2.4-3.1 hours in another study.
[A180598]
Repetitive dosing of erythromycin leads to increased elimination half-life.
[A180601]
[A180598]
Repetitive dosing of erythromycin leads to increased elimination half-life.
[A180601]
Protein binding
Erythromycin demonstrates 93% serum protein binding in the erythromycin propionate form.
[A174454]
Another resource indicates that erythromycin protein binding ranges from 80 to 90%.
[A33081]
[A174454]
Another resource indicates that erythromycin protein binding ranges from 80 to 90%.
[A33081]
Volume of distribution
Erythromycin is found in most body fluids and accumulates in leucocytes and inflammatory liquid.
[L7261][A174448][A180607]
Spinal fluid concentrations of erythromycin are low, however, the diffusion of erythromycin through the blood-brain barrier increases in meningitis, likely due to the presence of inflamed tissues which are easily penetrated.
[L7270]
Erythromycin crosses the placenta.
[L7261]
[L7261][A174448][A180607]
Spinal fluid concentrations of erythromycin are low, however, the diffusion of erythromycin through the blood-brain barrier increases in meningitis, likely due to the presence of inflamed tissues which are easily penetrated.
[L7270]
Erythromycin crosses the placenta.
[L7261]
Metabolism
Hepatic first-pass metabolism contributes significantly to erythromycin metabolism after an oral dose.
[A174457]
Erythromycin is partially metabolized by CYP3A4 enzyme to N-desmethylerythromycin.
[L7261][A174175]
Erythromycin is also hydrolyzed to anhydro forms (anhydroerythromycin AHE and other metabolites), and this process is promoted by acidic conditions.
[A174448]
AHE is inactive against microbes but inhibits hepatic drug oxidation and is therefore considered to be an important contributor to erythromycin drug-drug interactions.
[A174448]
[A174457]
Erythromycin is partially metabolized by CYP3A4 enzyme to N-desmethylerythromycin.
[L7261][A174175]
Erythromycin is also hydrolyzed to anhydro forms (anhydroerythromycin AHE and other metabolites), and this process is promoted by acidic conditions.
[A174448]
AHE is inactive against microbes but inhibits hepatic drug oxidation and is therefore considered to be an important contributor to erythromycin drug-drug interactions.
[A174448]
Route of elimination
In patients with normal liver function, erythromycin concentrates in the liver and is then excreted in the bile.
[L7270]
Under 5% of the orally administered dose of erythromycin is found excreted in the urine.
[L7270][A180607]
A high percentage of absorbed erythromycin is not accounted for, but is likely metabolized.
[L7270]
[L7270]
Under 5% of the orally administered dose of erythromycin is found excreted in the urine.
[L7270][A180607]
A high percentage of absorbed erythromycin is not accounted for, but is likely metabolized.
[L7270]
Clearance
The clearance of erythromycin in healthy subjects was 0.53 ± 0.13 l/h/kg after a 125mg intravenous dose.
[A174457]
In a clinical study of healthy patients and patients with liver cirrhosis, clearance of erythromycin was significantly reduced in those with severe liver cirrhosis.
[A180604]
The clearance in cirrhotic patients was 42.2 ± 10.1 l h–1 versus 113.2 ± 44.2 l h-1 in healthy patients.
[A180604]
[A174457]
In a clinical study of healthy patients and patients with liver cirrhosis, clearance of erythromycin was significantly reduced in those with severe liver cirrhosis.
[A180604]
The clearance in cirrhotic patients was 42.2 ± 10.1 l h–1 versus 113.2 ± 44.2 l h-1 in healthy patients.
[A180604]
Drug targets(2)
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
Motilin receptor
MLNR
agonist
Specific functionG protein-coupled peptide receptor activity
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Receptor for motilin
Voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel KCNH2
KCNH2
inhibitor
Specific functiondelayed rectifier potassium channel activity
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel .
PMID:10219239 PMID:10753933 PMID:10790218 PMID:10837251 PMID:11997281 PMID:12063277 PMID:18559421 PMID:22314138 PMID:22359612 PMID:26363003 PMID:27916661 PMID:9230439 PMID:9351446 PMID:9765245
Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly .
PMID:10837251
Characterized by unusual gating kinetics by producing relatively small outward currents during membrane depolarization and large inward currents during subsequent repolarization which reflect a rapid inactivation during depolarization and quick recovery from inactivation but slow deactivation (closing) during repolarization .
PMID:10219239 PMID:10753933 PMID:10790218 PMID:10837251 PMID:11997281 PMID:12063277 PMID:18559421 PMID:22314138 PMID:22359612 PMID:26363003 PMID:27916661 PMID:9230439 PMID:9351446 PMID:9765245
Forms a stable complex with KCNE1 or KCNE2, and that this heteromultimerization regulates inward rectifier potassium channel activity PMID:10219239 PMID:9230439
PMID:10219239 PMID:10753933 PMID:10790218 PMID:10837251 PMID:11997281 PMID:12063277 PMID:18559421 PMID:22314138 PMID:22359612 PMID:26363003 PMID:27916661 PMID:9230439 PMID:9351446 PMID:9765245
Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly .
PMID:10837251
Characterized by unusual gating kinetics by producing relatively small outward currents during membrane depolarization and large inward currents during subsequent repolarization which reflect a rapid inactivation during depolarization and quick recovery from inactivation but slow deactivation (closing) during repolarization .
PMID:10219239 PMID:10753933 PMID:10790218 PMID:10837251 PMID:11997281 PMID:12063277 PMID:18559421 PMID:22314138 PMID:22359612 PMID:26363003 PMID:27916661 PMID:9230439 PMID:9351446 PMID:9765245
Forms a stable complex with KCNE1 or KCNE2, and that this heteromultimerization regulates inward rectifier potassium channel activity PMID:10219239 PMID:9230439
Metabolizing enzymes(3)
Enzymes involved in drug metabolism — important for understanding drug interactions
Enzyme activity key
substrate
inhibitor
inducer
CYP3A5Cytochrome P450 3A5
substrate
inhibitor
CYP3A4Cytochrome P450 3A4
substrate
inhibitor
CYP3A7Cytochrome P450 3A7
substrate
inhibitor
Transporters(6)
Proteins that transport this drug across cell membranes
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3
SLCO1B3
substrate
inhibitor
Specific functionbile acid transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular location
Basolateral cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions .
PMID:10779507 PMID:15159445 PMID:17412826
Shows broad substrate specificity, can transport both organic anions such as bile acid taurocholate (cholyltaurine) and conjugated steroids (17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and estrone 3-sulfate), as well as eicosanoid leukotriene C4, prostaglandin E2 and L-thyroxine (T4) .
PMID:10779507 PMID:11159893 PMID:12568656 PMID:15159445 PMID:17412826 PMID:19129463
Hydrogencarbonate/HCO3(-) acts as the probable counteranion that exchanges for organic anions .
PMID:19129463
Shows a pH-sensitive substrate specificity towards sulfated steroids, taurocholate and T4 which may be ascribed to the protonation state of the binding site and leads to a stimulation of substrate transport in an acidic microenvironment .
PMID:19129463
Involved in the clearance of bile acids and organic anions from the liver .
PMID:22232210
Can take up bilirubin glucuronides from plasma into the liver, contributing to the detoxification-enhancing liver-blood shuttling loop .
PMID:22232210
Transports coproporphyrin I and III, by-products of heme synthesis, and may be involved in their hepatic disposition .
PMID:26383540
May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable). Can transport HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (also known as statins) such as pitavastatin, a clinically important class of hypolipidemic drugs .
PMID:15159445
May play an important role in plasma and tissue distribution of the structurally diverse chemotherapeutic drugs methotrexate and paclitaxel .
PMID:23243220
May also transport antihypertension agents, such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prodrug enalapril, and the highly selective angiotensin II AT1-receptor antagonist valsartan, in the liver PMID:16624871 PMID:16627748
PMID:10779507 PMID:15159445 PMID:17412826
Shows broad substrate specificity, can transport both organic anions such as bile acid taurocholate (cholyltaurine) and conjugated steroids (17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and estrone 3-sulfate), as well as eicosanoid leukotriene C4, prostaglandin E2 and L-thyroxine (T4) .
PMID:10779507 PMID:11159893 PMID:12568656 PMID:15159445 PMID:17412826 PMID:19129463
Hydrogencarbonate/HCO3(-) acts as the probable counteranion that exchanges for organic anions .
PMID:19129463
Shows a pH-sensitive substrate specificity towards sulfated steroids, taurocholate and T4 which may be ascribed to the protonation state of the binding site and leads to a stimulation of substrate transport in an acidic microenvironment .
PMID:19129463
Involved in the clearance of bile acids and organic anions from the liver .
PMID:22232210
Can take up bilirubin glucuronides from plasma into the liver, contributing to the detoxification-enhancing liver-blood shuttling loop .
PMID:22232210
Transports coproporphyrin I and III, by-products of heme synthesis, and may be involved in their hepatic disposition .
PMID:26383540
May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable). Can transport HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (also known as statins) such as pitavastatin, a clinically important class of hypolipidemic drugs .
PMID:15159445
May play an important role in plasma and tissue distribution of the structurally diverse chemotherapeutic drugs methotrexate and paclitaxel .
PMID:23243220
May also transport antihypertension agents, such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prodrug enalapril, and the highly selective angiotensin II AT1-receptor antagonist valsartan, in the liver PMID:16624871 PMID:16627748
Bile salt export pump
ABCB11
substrate
inhibitor
Specific functionABC-type bile acid transporter activity
Cellular location
Apical cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Catalyzes the transport of the major hydrophobic bile salts, such as taurine and glycine-conjugated cholic acid across the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes in an ATP-dependent manner, therefore participates in hepatic bile acid homeostasis and consequently to lipid homeostasis through regulation of biliary lipid secretion in a bile salts dependent manner .
PMID:15791618 PMID:16332456 PMID:18985798 PMID:19228692 PMID:20010382 PMID:20398791 PMID:22262466 PMID:24711118 PMID:29507376 PMID:32203132
Transports taurine-conjugated bile salts more rapidly than glycine-conjugated bile salts .
PMID:16332456
Also transports non-bile acid compounds, such as pravastatin and fexofenadine in an ATP-dependent manner and may be involved in their biliary excretion PMID:15901796 PMID:18245269
PMID:15791618 PMID:16332456 PMID:18985798 PMID:19228692 PMID:20010382 PMID:20398791 PMID:22262466 PMID:24711118 PMID:29507376 PMID:32203132
Transports taurine-conjugated bile salts more rapidly than glycine-conjugated bile salts .
PMID:16332456
Also transports non-bile acid compounds, such as pravastatin and fexofenadine in an ATP-dependent manner and may be involved in their biliary excretion PMID:15901796 PMID:18245269
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1
ABCB1
substrate
inhibitor
Specific functionABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Translocates drugs and phospholipids across the membrane .
PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:8898203 PMID:9038218 PMID:35507548
Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins .
PMID:8898203
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:9038218
PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:8898203 PMID:9038218 PMID:35507548
Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins .
PMID:8898203
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:9038218
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
SLCO1B1
substrate
inhibitor
Specific functionbile acid transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular location
Basolateral cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions .
PMID:10358072 PMID:15159445 PMID:17412826
Shows broad substrate specificity, can transport both organic anions such as bile acid taurocholate (cholyltaurine) and conjugated steroids (dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, and estrone 3-sulfate), as well as eicosanoids (prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, leukotriene C4, and leukotriene E4), and thyroid hormones (T4/L-thyroxine, and T3/3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine) .
PMID:10358072 PMID:10601278 PMID:10873595 PMID:11159893 PMID:12196548 PMID:12568656 PMID:15159445 PMID:15970799 PMID:16627748 PMID:17412826 PMID:19129463 PMID:26979622
Can take up bilirubin glucuronides from plasma into the liver, contributing to the detoxification-enhancing liver-blood shuttling loop .
PMID:22232210
Involved in the clearance of endogenous and exogenous substrates from the liver .
PMID:10358072 PMID:10601278
Transports coproporphyrin I and III, by-products of heme synthesis, and may be involved in their hepatic disposition .
PMID:26383540
May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable). Can transport HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (also known as statins), such as pravastatin and pitavastatin, a clinically important class of hypolipidemic drugs .
PMID:10601278 PMID:15159445 PMID:15970799
May play an important role in plasma and tissue distribution of the structurally diverse chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate .
PMID:23243220
May also transport antihypertension agents, such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prodrug enalapril, and the highly selective angiotensin II AT1-receptor antagonist valsartan, in the liver .
PMID:16624871 PMID:16627748
Shows a pH-sensitive substrate specificity towards prostaglandin E2 and T4 which may be ascribed to the protonation state of the binding site and leads to a stimulation of substrate transport in an acidic microenvironment .
PMID:19129463
Hydrogencarbonate/HCO3(-) acts as the probable counteranion that exchanges for organic anions PMID:19129463
PMID:10358072 PMID:15159445 PMID:17412826
Shows broad substrate specificity, can transport both organic anions such as bile acid taurocholate (cholyltaurine) and conjugated steroids (dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, and estrone 3-sulfate), as well as eicosanoids (prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, leukotriene C4, and leukotriene E4), and thyroid hormones (T4/L-thyroxine, and T3/3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine) .
PMID:10358072 PMID:10601278 PMID:10873595 PMID:11159893 PMID:12196548 PMID:12568656 PMID:15159445 PMID:15970799 PMID:16627748 PMID:17412826 PMID:19129463 PMID:26979622
Can take up bilirubin glucuronides from plasma into the liver, contributing to the detoxification-enhancing liver-blood shuttling loop .
PMID:22232210
Involved in the clearance of endogenous and exogenous substrates from the liver .
PMID:10358072 PMID:10601278
Transports coproporphyrin I and III, by-products of heme synthesis, and may be involved in their hepatic disposition .
PMID:26383540
May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable). Can transport HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (also known as statins), such as pravastatin and pitavastatin, a clinically important class of hypolipidemic drugs .
PMID:10601278 PMID:15159445 PMID:15970799
May play an important role in plasma and tissue distribution of the structurally diverse chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate .
PMID:23243220
May also transport antihypertension agents, such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prodrug enalapril, and the highly selective angiotensin II AT1-receptor antagonist valsartan, in the liver .
PMID:16624871 PMID:16627748
Shows a pH-sensitive substrate specificity towards prostaglandin E2 and T4 which may be ascribed to the protonation state of the binding site and leads to a stimulation of substrate transport in an acidic microenvironment .
PMID:19129463
Hydrogencarbonate/HCO3(-) acts as the probable counteranion that exchanges for organic anions PMID:19129463
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2
ABCC2
substrate
Specific functionABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity
Cellular location
Apical cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
ATP-dependent transporter of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family that binds and hydrolyzes ATP to enable active transport of various substrates including many drugs, toxicants and endogenous compound across cell membranes. Transports a wide variety of conjugated organic anions such as sulfate-, glucuronide- and glutathione (GSH)-conjugates of endo- and xenobiotics substrates .
PMID:10220572 PMID:10421658 PMID:11500505 PMID:16332456
Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of mono- and bis-glucuronidated bilirubin molecules and therefore play an important role in bilirubin detoxification .
PMID:10421658
Also mediates hepatobiliary excretion of others glucuronide conjugates such as 17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid and leukotriene C4 .
PMID:11500505
Transports sulfated bile salt such as taurolithocholate sulfate .
PMID:16332456
Transports various anticancer drugs, such as anthracycline, vinca alkaloid and methotrexate and HIV-drugs such as protease inhibitors .
PMID:10220572 PMID:11500505 PMID:12441801
Confers resistance to several anti-cancer drugs including cisplatin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, methotrexate, etoposide and vincristine PMID:10220572 PMID:11500505
PMID:10220572 PMID:10421658 PMID:11500505 PMID:16332456
Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of mono- and bis-glucuronidated bilirubin molecules and therefore play an important role in bilirubin detoxification .
PMID:10421658
Also mediates hepatobiliary excretion of others glucuronide conjugates such as 17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid and leukotriene C4 .
PMID:11500505
Transports sulfated bile salt such as taurolithocholate sulfate .
PMID:16332456
Transports various anticancer drugs, such as anthracycline, vinca alkaloid and methotrexate and HIV-drugs such as protease inhibitors .
PMID:10220572 PMID:11500505 PMID:12441801
Confers resistance to several anti-cancer drugs including cisplatin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, methotrexate, etoposide and vincristine PMID:10220572 PMID:11500505
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2
SLCO1A2
substrate
inhibitor
Specific functionbile acid transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular location
Cell membrane
General function & pharmacology
Na(+)-independent transporter that mediates the cellular uptake of a broad range of organic anions such as the endogenous bile salts cholate and deoxycholate, either in their unconjugated or conjugated forms (taurocholate and glycocholate), at the plasmam membrane .
PMID:19129463 PMID:7557095
Responsible for intestinal absorption of bile acids (By similarity). Transports dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate (DHEAS), a major circulating steroid secreted by the adrenal cortex, as well as estrone 3-sulfate and 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate) .
PMID:11159893 PMID:12568656 PMID:19129463 PMID:23918469 PMID:25560245 PMID:9539145
Mediates apical uptake of all-trans-retinol (atROL) across human retinal pigment epithelium, which is essential to maintaining the integrity of the visual cycle and thus vision .
PMID:25560245
Involved in the uptake of clinically used drugs .
PMID:17301733 PMID:20686826 PMID:27777271
Capable of thyroid hormone transport (both T3 or 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine, and T4 or L-tyroxine) .
PMID:19129463 PMID:20358049
Also transports prostaglandin E2 .
PMID:19129463
Plays roles in blood-brain and -cerebrospinal fluid barrier transport of organic anions and signal mediators, and in hormone uptake by neural cells (By similarity). May also play a role in the reuptake of neuropeptides such as substance P/TAC1 and vasoactive intestinal peptide/VIP released from retinal neurons .
PMID:25132355
May play an important role in plasma and tissue distribution of the structurally diverse chemotherapeutic drugs methotrexate and paclitaxel .
PMID:23243220
Shows a pH-sensitive substrate specificity which may be ascribed to the protonation state of the binding site and leads to a stimulation of substrate transport in an acidic microenvironment .
PMID:19129463
Hydrogencarbonate/HCO3(-) acts as the probable counteranion that exchanges for organic anions .
PMID:19129463
May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testis across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable)
PMID:19129463 PMID:7557095
Responsible for intestinal absorption of bile acids (By similarity). Transports dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate (DHEAS), a major circulating steroid secreted by the adrenal cortex, as well as estrone 3-sulfate and 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate) .
PMID:11159893 PMID:12568656 PMID:19129463 PMID:23918469 PMID:25560245 PMID:9539145
Mediates apical uptake of all-trans-retinol (atROL) across human retinal pigment epithelium, which is essential to maintaining the integrity of the visual cycle and thus vision .
PMID:25560245
Involved in the uptake of clinically used drugs .
PMID:17301733 PMID:20686826 PMID:27777271
Capable of thyroid hormone transport (both T3 or 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine, and T4 or L-tyroxine) .
PMID:19129463 PMID:20358049
Also transports prostaglandin E2 .
PMID:19129463
Plays roles in blood-brain and -cerebrospinal fluid barrier transport of organic anions and signal mediators, and in hormone uptake by neural cells (By similarity). May also play a role in the reuptake of neuropeptides such as substance P/TAC1 and vasoactive intestinal peptide/VIP released from retinal neurons .
PMID:25132355
May play an important role in plasma and tissue distribution of the structurally diverse chemotherapeutic drugs methotrexate and paclitaxel .
PMID:23243220
Shows a pH-sensitive substrate specificity which may be ascribed to the protonation state of the binding site and leads to a stimulation of substrate transport in an acidic microenvironment .
PMID:19129463
Hydrogencarbonate/HCO3(-) acts as the probable counteranion that exchanges for organic anions .
PMID:19129463
May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testis across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable)
Biological pathways(1)
Scientific references(19)
Kanazawa S., Ohkubo T., Sugawara K.
The effects of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of erythromycin.
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
200156(11):799-803. doi: 10.1007/s002280000229
Ogwal S., Xide T.U.
Erythromycin Delayed-Release Tablets.
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31003/uspnf_m30232_03_01
Okudaira T., Kotegawa T., Imai H., Tsutsumi K., Nakano S., Ohashi K.
Effect of the Treatment Period With Erythromycin on Cytochrome P450 3A Activity in Humans.
The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
200747(7):871-876. doi: 10.1177/0091270007302562
Houin G., Tillement J.P., Lhoste F., Rapin M., Soussy C.J., Duval J.
A pharmacokinetic study of erythromycin in man.
Current Medical Research and Opinion
19806(sup8):7-16. doi: 10.1185/03007998009115143
Krasniqi S., Matzneller P., Kinzig M., Sorgel F., Huttner S., Lackner E., Muller M., Zeitlinger M.
Blood, tissue, and intracellular concentrations of erythromycin and its metabolite anhydroerythromycin during and after therapy.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
2012 Feb56(2):1059-64. doi: 10.1128/AAC.05490-11. Epub 2011 Nov 14
Amsden G.W.
Erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin: are the differences real?.
Clinical Therapeutics
199618(1):56-72. doi: 10.1016/s0149-2918(96)80179-2
Gordon R.C., Regamey C., Kirby W.M.
Serum Protein Binding of Erythromycin, Lincomycin, and Clindamycin.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
197362(7):1074-1077. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600620704
Fohner A.E., Sparreboom A., Altman R.B., Klein T.E.
PharmGKB summary: Macrolide antibiotic pathway, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics.
Pharmacogenet Genomics
2017 Apr27(4):164-167. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0000000000000270
Champney W.S., Burdine R.
Macrolide antibiotics inhibit 50S ribosomal subunit assembly in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
199539(9):2141-2144. doi: 10.1128/aac.39.9.2141
Champney W.S., Miller M.
Inhibition of 50S Ribosomal Subunit Assembly in Haemophilus influenzae Cells by Azithromycin and Erythromycin.
Current Microbiology
200244(6):418-424. doi: 10.1007/s00284-001-0016-6
Sun H., Frassetto L.A., Huang Y., Benet L.Z.
Hepatic clearance, but not gut availability, of erythromycin is altered in patients with end-stage renal disease.
Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics
2010 Apr87(4):465-72. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2009.247. Epub 2010 Jan 20
Franke R.M., Lancaster C.S., Peer C.J., Gibson A.A., Kosloske A.M., Orwick S.J., Mathijssen R.H., Figg W.D., Baker S.D., Sparreboom A.
Effect of ABCC2 (MRP2) transport function on erythromycin metabolism.
Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics
2011 May89(5):693-701. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2011.25. Epub 2011 Mar 30
Dinos G.P.
The macrolide antibiotic renaissance.
British Journal Pharmacology
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Mather L.E., Austin K.L., Philpot C.R., McDonald P.J.
Absorption and bioavailability of oral erythromycin.
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
1981 Aug12(2):131-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01191.x
Wang L.Q., Hu Z.Y., Yu Q., Guo X., Xiong J., Huang Z.Z., Cheng Z.N.
Teaching Chinese as a second language through video : a case of South Island School = Shi xiang jiao xue dui ti gao xue sheng xue xi cheng xiao ji xue xi dong ji zhi xiao guo yan jiu : yi Nan dao zhong xue qi nian ji Zhong wen A ban wei li.
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5353/th_b4836871
Colburn W.A., Di Santo A.R., Gibaldi M.
Pharmacokinetics of Erythromycin on Repetitive Dosing.
The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
197717(10):592-600. doi: 10.1177/009127007701701006
Barre J., Mallat A., Rosenbaum J., Deforges L., Houin G., Dhumeaux D., Tillement J.P.
Pharmacokinetics of erythromycin in patients with severe cirrhosis.
Respective influence of decreased serum binding and impaired liver metabolic capacity
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Periti P., Mazzei T., Mini E., Novelli A.
Clinical pharmacokinetic properties of the macrolide antibiotics.
Effects of age and various pathophysiological states (Part I)
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Kavi J., Webberley J.M., Andrews J.M., Wise R.
A comparison of the pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of spiramycin and erythromycin.
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1988 Jul22 Suppl B:105-10. doi: 10.1093/jac/22.supplement_b.105
ATC classification(4 codes)
ATC J01FA01
ATC D10AF02
ATC S01AA17
ATC D10AF52
Affected organisms(4)
Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Haemophilus influenzae
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
International brands(1)
Salt forms(8)
Erythromycin estolate(DBSALT001358)
Erythromycin ethylsuccinate(DBSALT001220)
Erythromycin gluceptate(DBSALT001340)
Erythromycin lactobionate(DBSALT001219)
Erythromycin phosphate(DBSALT001624)
Erythromycin stearate(DBSALT001221)
Erythromycin sulfate(DBSALT002260)
Erythromycin thiocyanate(DBSALT001625)
Experimental properties(6)
Protein Data Bank entries(40)
Commercial products(367)
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Show
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Erythromycin
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
8618
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
8612
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
8609
ChemSpider
12041
BindingDB
50344942
PDB
ERY
ZINC
ZINC000085534336
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4495
GenAtlas
MLNR
GeneCards
MLNR
GenBank Gene Database
AL137000
Guide to Pharmacology
297
UniProt Accession
MTLR_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6251
GenAtlas
KCNH2
GeneCards
KCNH2
GenBank Gene Database
U04270
GenBank Protein Database
487738
Guide to Pharmacology
572
UniProt Accession
KCNH2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2638
GenAtlas
CYP3A5
GeneCards
CYP3A5
GenBank Gene Database
J04813
GenBank Protein Database
181346
Guide to Pharmacology
1338
UniProt Accession
CP3A5_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2637
GenAtlas
CYP3A4
GeneCards
CYP3A4
GenBank Gene Database
M18907
Guide to Pharmacology
1337
UniProt Accession
CP3A4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2640
GeneCards
CYP3A7
GenBank Gene Database
D00408
GenBank Protein Database
220149
UniProt Accession
CP3A7_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10961
GeneCards
SLCO1B3
GenBank Gene Database
AJ251506
GenBank Protein Database
9187497
Guide to Pharmacology
1221
UniProt Accession
SO1B3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:42
GenAtlas
ABCB11
GeneCards
ABCB11
GenBank Gene Database
AF091582
GenBank Protein Database
3873243
Guide to Pharmacology
778
UniProt Accession
ABCBB_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:40
GenAtlas
ABCB1
GeneCards
ABCB1
GenBank Gene Database
M14758
GenBank Protein Database
307180
Guide to Pharmacology
768
UniProt Accession
MDR1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10959
GenAtlas
SLCO1B1
GeneCards
SLCO1B1
GenBank Gene Database
AF060500
GenBank Protein Database
5051630
Guide to Pharmacology
1220
UniProt Accession
SO1B1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:53
GenAtlas
ABCC2
GeneCards
ABCC2
GenBank Gene Database
U63970
GenBank Protein Database
1764162
Guide to Pharmacology
780
UniProt Accession
MRP2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10956
GeneCards
SLCO1A2
GenBank Gene Database
U21943
GenBank Protein Database
885978
Guide to Pharmacology
1219
UniProt Accession
SO1A2_HUMAN
International reference pricing
53 formulations
Reference pricing from DrugBank. Prices are indicative and may not reflect current UK costs.
From $0.10/ml
To $236.63/jar
Novo-Rythro Ees 40 mg/ml Suspension
$0.10/ml
Novo-Rythro Estolate 50 mg/ml Suspension
$0.13/ml
Novo-Rythro Ees 80 mg/ml Suspension
$0.15/ml
Erythrocin 250 mg filmtab
$0.16/tablet
Apo-Erythro Base 250 mg Tablet
$0.19/tablet
Source: DrugBank. Used under CC BY-NC 4.0 academic licence for non-commercial purposes.
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications:
Knox C., Wilson M., Klinger C.M., et al
DrugBank 6.
0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024
Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 552(D1):D1265-D1275
Wishart D.S., Feunang Y.D., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank 5.
0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018
Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Nov 846(D1):D1074-D1082
Show earlier publications
Law V., Knox C., Djoumbou Y., et al
DrugBank 4.
0: shedding new light on drug metabolism
Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Jan 142(1):D1091-7
Knox C., Law V., Jewison T., et al
DrugBank 3.
0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan39(Database issue):D1035-41
Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets.
Nucleic Acids Research
2008 Jan36(Database issue):D901-6
Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et al
DrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration.
Nucleic Acids Research
2006 Jan 134(Database issue):D668-72
Source: go.drugbank.comCC BY-NC 4.0
Updated 27 days ago(8 Mar 2026)