Doxorubicin 10mg/5ml solution for injection vials
Requires a prescription from a doctor or prescriber
Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius var.
Safety information for pregnancy and breastfeeding
Pregnancy
Based on findings in animals and its mechanism of action, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Injection/for Injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman; avoid the use of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Injection/for Injection during the 1st trimester.
Based on postmarketing reports, pediatric patients treated with doxorubicin hydrochloride are at risk for developing late cardiovascular dysfunction.
Always consult your doctor or midwife before taking any medicine during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Source: DrugBank (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
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Official medicine documents
Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
The MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of suspected side effects from healthcare professionals and patients. View the Drug Analysis Profile (iDAP) for real-world adverse reaction data.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Doxorubicin
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Submit a Yellow Card report to the MHRA
Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) collects suspected adverse reaction reports from across the EU/EEA through the EudraVigilance system. Search for safety data on this medicine.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Doxorubicin
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EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
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Doxorubicin 10mg/5ml concentrate for solution for infusion vials
Doxorubicin 10mg/5ml concentrate for solution for infusion vials
Doxorubicin 10mg/5ml concentrate for solution for infusion vials
Doxorubicin 10mg/5ml solution for infusion vials
Doxorubicin 10mg/5ml solution for injection Cytosafe vials
Therapeutically similar medicines
Similarity based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and NHS BNF section grouping. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
Clinical guidelines and formulary information
British National Formulary
Doxorubicin
Source: British National Formulary, NICE. Joint Formulary Committee. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
NICE clinical guidance(9)
Topotecan, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride, paclitaxel, trabectedin and gemcitabine for treating recurrent ovarian cancer (TA389)
Pembrolizumab with lenvatinib for previously treated advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (TA904)
Bortezomib for induction therapy in multiple myeloma before high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (TA311)
Guidance on the use of fludarabine for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (TA29)
Brentuximab vedotin in combination for untreated systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (TA641)
Brentuximab vedotin in combination for untreated stage 3 or 4 CD30-positive Hodgkin lymphoma (TA1059)
Pembrolizumab for neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment of triple-negative early or locally advanced breast cancer (TA851)
Polatuzumab vedotin in combination for untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (TA874)
Bortezomib for previously untreated mantle cell lymphoma (TA370)
Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
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Supply & product information
Official product databases and supply status monitoring
Pharmacy links redirect to the retailer's own search and do not represent real-time stock levels. emc (electronic medicines compendium) is operated by Datapharm Ltd. Shortage information sourced from NHS Specialist Pharmacy Service (SPS), sps.nhs.uk.
Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
Browse tools
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF codes from NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA). ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
None known
Half-life
20 hours
Mechanism
Generally, doxorubicin is thought to exert its antineoplastic activity through 2…
Food interactions
2 warnings
Human targets
6 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
10 mg/m
Half-life
20 hours
[L45231]…
Protein binding
75%
Volume of distribution
809 L
[L45231]
Metabolism
1 to 2%
Elimination
40%
Clearance
324 mL/min
[L45231]…
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
[L45231]
Doxorubicin is also indicated for use as a component of adjuvant therapy in women with evidence of axillary lymph node involvement following resection of primary breast cancer.
[L45231]
For the liposomal formulation, doxorubicin is indicated for the treatment of ovarian cancer that has progressed or recurred after platinum-based chemotherapy, AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma after the failure of prior systemic chemotherapy or intolerance to such therapy, and multiple myeloma in combination with bortezomib in patients who have not previously received bortezomib and have received at least one prior therapy.
[L45226]
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Showing 50 of 1308 interactions
[L45231]
Doxorubicin hydrochloride decreased fertility in female rats at doses of 0.05 and 0.2 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.005 and 0.02 times the recommended human dose, based on body surface area).
[L45231]
In females of reproductive potential, Doxorubicin hydrochloride may cause infertility and result in amenorrhea. Premature menopause can occur.
Recovery of menses and ovulation is related to age at treatment.
[L45231]
A single intravenous dose of 0.1 mg/kg doxorubicin hydrochloride (approximately 0.01 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) was toxic to male reproductive organs in animal studies, producing testicular atrophy, diffuse degeneration of the seminiferous tubules, and oligospermia/hypospermia in rats. Doxorubicin hydrochloride induces DNA damage in rabbit spermatozoa and dominant lethal mutations in mice.
[L45231]
Based on findings in animals and its mechanism of action, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Injection/for Injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman; avoid the use of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Injection/for Injection during the 1st trimester. Available human data do not establish the presence or absence of major birth defects and miscarriage related to the use of doxorubicin hydrochloride during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters.
Doxorubicin hydrochloride was teratogenic and embryotoxic in rats and embryotoxic in rabbits when administered during organogenesis at doses approximately 0.07 times (based on body surface area) the recommended human dose of 60 mg/m2. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.
[L45231]
Based on postmarketing reports, pediatric patients treated with doxorubicin hydrochloride are at risk for developing late cardiovascular dysfunction. Risk factors include young age at treatment (especially < 5 years), high cumulative doses and receipt of combined modality therapy.
Long-term periodic cardiovascular monitoring is recommended for all pediatric patients who have received doxorubicin hydrochloride. Doxorubicin hydrochloride, as a component of intensive chemotherapy regimens administered to pediatric patients, may contribute to prepubertal growth failure and may also contribute to gonadal impairment, which is usually
temporary.
[L45231]
Doxorubicin can intercalate into DNA through the anthraquinone ring, which stabilizes the complex by forming hydrogen bonds with DNA bases.[A257659] Intercalation of doxorubicin can introduce torsional stress into the polynucleotide structure, thus destabilizing nucleosome structures and leading to nucleosome eviction and replacement.[A257664][A18538] Additionally, the doxorubicin-DNA complex can interfere with topoisomerase II enzyme activity by preventing relegation of topoisomerase-mediated DNA breaks, thus inhibiting replication and transcription and inducing apoptosis.[A257669][A257674]
Moreover, doxorubicin can be metabolized by microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase into a semiquinone radical, which can be reoxidized in the presence of oxygen to form oxygen radicals.[A1579][A257584] Reactive oxygen species have been known to cause cellular damage through various mechanisms, including lipid peroxidation and membrane damage, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.[A257634] Although free radicals generated from this pathway can be deactivated by catalase and superoxide dismutase, tumor and myocardial cells tend to lack these enzymes, thus explaining doxorubicin's effectiveness against cancer cells and tendency to cause cardiotoxicity.[A1579][A257584][A1578]
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
[L45226]
[L45231]
The distribution half-life of doxorubicin is approximately 5 minutes.
[L45231]
For the liposomal formulation, the first-phase and second-phase half-lives were calculated to be 4.7 ± 1.1 and 52.3 ± 5.6 hours respectively for a 10 mg/m2 of doxorubicin in patients with AIDS-Related Kaposi’s Sarcoma.
[L45226]
[L45231]
Plasma protein binding of doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome injection has not been determined.
[L45226]
[L45231]
[A1578]
The two-electron reduction is the major metabolic pathway of doxorubicin.
[A1578]
In this pathway, doxorubicin is reduced to doxorubicinol, a secondary alcohol, by various enzymes, including Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP(+)], Carbonyl reductase NADPH 1, Carbonyl reductase NADPH 3, and Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3.
[A18032][A257574][A1578][A18033][A18034]
The one-electron reduction is facilitated by several oxidoreductase, both cytosolic and mitochondrial, to form a doxirubicin-semiquinone radical.
[A1579]
These enzymes include mitochondrial and cystolic NADPH dehydrogenates, xanthine oxidase, and nitric oxide synthases.
[A18035][A18042][A18407][A257579][A18037][A18038]
This semiquinone metabolite can be re-oxidized to doxorubicin, although with the concurrent formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide.
[A257584]
It is the ROS generating through this pathway that contributes most to the doxorubicin-related adverse effects, particularly cardiotoxicity, rather than through doxorubicin semiquinone formation.
[A257589]
Deglycosidation is a minor metabolic pathway, since it only accounts for 1 to 2% of doxorubicin metabolism.
[A1578][A257514]
Under the catalysis of cytoplasmic NADPH quinone dehydrogenase, xanthine oxidase, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, doxorubicin can either be reduced to doxorubicin deoxyaglycone or hydrolyzed to doxorubicin hydroxyaglycone.
[A257569][A18036][A18043]
[L45231]
[L45231]
Sexual differences in doxorubicin were also observed, with men having a higher clearance compared to women (1088 mL/min/m2 versus 433 mL/min/m2).
[L45231]
Following the administration of doses ranging from 10 mg/m2 to 75 mg/m2 of doxorubicin hydrochloride, the plasma clearance was estimated to be 1540 mL/min/m2 in children greater than 2 years of age and 813 mL/min/m2 in infants younger than 2 years of age.
[L45231]
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
PMID:17567603 PMID:18790802 PMID:22013166 PMID:22323612
May play a role in regulating the period length of BMAL1 transcriptional oscillation (By similarity)
The free DNA strand then rotates around the intact phosphodiester bond on the opposing strand, thus removing DNA supercoils. Finally, in the religation step, the DNA 5'-OH attacks the covalent intermediate to expel the active-site tyrosine and restore the DNA phosphodiester backbone (By similarity). Regulates the alternative splicing of tissue factor (F3) pre-mRNA in endothelial cells.
Involved in the circadian transcription of the core circadian clock component BMAL1 by altering the chromatin structure around the ROR response elements (ROREs) on the BMAL1 promoter
Catalytic component of the teleromerase holoenzyme complex whose main activity is the elongation of telomeres by acting as a reverse transcriptase that adds simple sequence repeats to chromosome ends by copying a template sequence within the RNA component of the enzyme. Catalyzes the RNA-dependent extension of 3'-chromosomal termini with the 6-nucleotide telomeric repeat unit, 5'-TTAGGG-3'. The catalytic cycle involves primer binding, primer extension and release of product once the template boundary has been reached or nascent product translocation followed by further extension.
More active on substrates containing 2 or 3 telomeric repeats. Telomerase activity is regulated by a number of factors including telomerase complex-associated proteins, chaperones and polypeptide modifiers. Modulates Wnt signaling.
Plays important roles in aging and antiapoptosis
Enzymes involved in drug metabolism — important for understanding drug interactions
Proteins that transport this drug across cell membranes
PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:8898203 PMID:9038218 PMID:35507548
Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins .
PMID:8898203
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:9038218
PMID:10064732 PMID:11114332 PMID:16230346 PMID:7961706 PMID:9281595
Mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugates, leukotriene C4, estradiol-17-beta-o-glucuronide, methotrexate, antiviral drugs and other xenobiotics .
PMID:10064732 PMID:11114332 PMID:16230346 PMID:7961706 PMID:9281595
Confers resistance to anticancer drugs by decreasing accumulation of drug in cells, and by mediating ATP- and GSH-dependent drug export .
PMID:9281595
Hydrolyzes ATP with low efficiency .
PMID:16230346
Catalyzes the export of sphingosine 1-phosphate from mast cells independently of their degranulation .
PMID:17050692
Participates in inflammatory response by allowing export of leukotriene C4 from leukotriene C4-synthesizing cells (By similarity). Mediates ATP-dependent, GSH-independent cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) export .
PMID:36070769
Thus, by limiting intracellular cGAMP concentrations negatively regulates the cGAS-STING pathway .
PMID:36070769
Exports S-geranylgeranyl-glutathione (GGG) in lymphoid cells and stromal compartments of lymphoid organs. ABCC1 (via extracellular transport) with GGT5 (via GGG catabolism) establish GGG gradients within lymphoid tissues to position P2RY8-positive lymphocytes at germinal centers in lymphoid follicles and restrict their chemotactic transmigration from blood vessels to the bone marrow parenchyma (By similarity).
Mediates basolateral export of GSH-conjugated R- and S-prostaglandin A2 diastereomers in polarized epithelial cells PMID:9426231
PMID:10359813 PMID:11581266 PMID:15083066
Transports glucuronide conjugates such as bilirubin diglucuronide, estradiol-17-beta-o-glucuronide and GSH conjugates such as leukotriene C4 (LTC4) .
PMID:11581266 PMID:15083066
Transports also various bile salts (taurocholate, glycocholate, taurochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate, taurolithocholate- 3-sulfate) (By similarity). Does not contribute substantially to bile salt physiology but provides an alternative route for the export of bile acids and glucuronides from cholestatic hepatocytes (By similarity). May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable).
Can confer resistance to various anticancer drugs, methotrexate, tenoposide and etoposide, by decreasing accumulation of these drugs in cells PMID:10359813 PMID:11581266
PMID:11880368 PMID:12414644
May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable). Does not appear to actively transport drugs outside the cell.
Confers low levels of cellular resistance to etoposide, teniposide, anthracyclines and cisplatin PMID:12414644
PMID:11306452 PMID:12958161 PMID:19506252 PMID:20705604 PMID:28554189 PMID:30405239 PMID:31003562
Involved in porphyrin homeostasis, mediating the export of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) from both mitochondria to cytosol and cytosol to extracellular space, it also functions in the cellular export of heme .
PMID:20705604 PMID:23189181
Also mediates the efflux of sphingosine-1-P from cells .
PMID:20110355
Acts as a urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion .
PMID:19506252 PMID:20368174 PMID:22132962 PMID:31003562 PMID:36749388
In kidney, it also functions as a physiological exporter of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (By similarity). Also involved in the excretion of steroids like estrone 3-sulfate/E1S, 3beta-sulfooxy-androst-5-en-17-one/DHEAS, and other sulfate conjugates .
PMID:12682043 PMID:28554189 PMID:30405239
Mediates the secretion of the riboflavin and biotin vitamins into milk (By similarity). Extrudes pheophorbide a, a phototoxic porphyrin catabolite of chlorophyll, reducing its bioavailability (By similarity).
Plays an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain (Probable). It confers to cells a resistance to multiple drugs and other xenobiotics including mitoxantrone, pheophorbide, camptothecin, methotrexate, azidothymidine, and the anthracyclines daunorubicin and doxorubicin, through the control of their efflux .
PMID:11306452 PMID:12477054 PMID:15670731 PMID:18056989 PMID:31254042
In placenta, it limits the penetration of drugs from the maternal plasma into the fetus (By similarity). May play a role in early stem cell self-renewal by blocking differentiation (By similarity).
In inflammatory macrophages, exports itaconate from the cytosol to the extracellular compartment and limits the activation of TFEB-dependent lysosome biogenesis involved in antibacterial innate immune response
PMID:12089149 PMID:20037140
Mediates the partially Na(+)-dependent bidirectional transport of carnitine .
PMID:12089149
May mediate L-carnitine secretion from testis epididymal epithelium into the lumen which is involved in the maturation of spermatozoa PMID:12089149
PMID:12527806 PMID:15256465
May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable). Mediates multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells by preventing the intracellular accumulation of certain antitumor drugs, such as, docetaxel and paclitaxel .
PMID:15256465 PMID:23087055
Does not transport glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid, MTX, folic acid, cAMP, or cGMP PMID:12527806
PMID:31435016
Together with pore-forming subunit CCDC51/MITOK of the mitoK(ATP) channel, mediates ATP-dependent potassium currents across the mitochondrial inner membrane .
PMID:31435016
An increase in ATP intracellular levels closes the channel, inhibiting K(+) transport, whereas a decrease in ATP levels enhances K(+) uptake in the mitochondrial matrix .
PMID:31435016
Plays a role in mitochondrial iron transport .
PMID:30623799
Required for maintenance of normal cardiac function, possibly by influencing mitochondrial iron export and regulating the maturation of cytosolic iron sulfur cluster-containing enzymes (By similarity)
PMID:15791618 PMID:16332456 PMID:18985798 PMID:19228692 PMID:20010382 PMID:20398791 PMID:22262466 PMID:24711118 PMID:29507376 PMID:32203132
Transports taurine-conjugated bile salts more rapidly than glycine-conjugated bile salts .
PMID:16332456
Also transports non-bile acid compounds, such as pravastatin and fexofenadine in an ATP-dependent manner and may be involved in their biliary excretion PMID:15901796 PMID:18245269
PMID:7673236
As a GTPase-activating protein/GAP can inactivate CDC42 and RAC1 by stimulating their GTPase activity .
PMID:7673236
As part of the Ral signaling pathway, may also regulate ligand-dependent EGF and insulin receptors-mediated endocytosis .
PMID:10910768 PMID:12775724
During mitosis, may act as a scaffold protein in the phosphorylation of EPSIN/EPN1 by the mitotic kinase cyclin B-CDK1, preventing endocytosis during that phase of the cell cycle .
PMID:12775724
During mitosis, also controls mitochondrial fission as an effector of RALA .
PMID:21822277
Recruited to mitochondrion by RALA, acts as a scaffold to foster the mitotic kinase cyclin B-CDK1-mediated phosphorylation and activation of DNM1L PMID:21822277
PMID:10220572 PMID:10421658 PMID:11500505 PMID:16332456
Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of mono- and bis-glucuronidated bilirubin molecules and therefore play an important role in bilirubin detoxification .
PMID:10421658
Also mediates hepatobiliary excretion of others glucuronide conjugates such as 17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid and leukotriene C4 .
PMID:11500505
Transports sulfated bile salt such as taurolithocholate sulfate .
PMID:16332456
Transports various anticancer drugs, such as anthracycline, vinca alkaloid and methotrexate and HIV-drugs such as protease inhibitors .
PMID:10220572 PMID:11500505 PMID:12441801
Confers resistance to several anti-cancer drugs including cisplatin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, methotrexate, etoposide and vincristine PMID:10220572 PMID:11500505
Proteins that carry this drug through the body
PMID:19021548
Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity).
Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity).
Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli .
PMID:6234017
Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin PMID:6234017
ATC L01DB01
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
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Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Doxorubicin
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
2298
ChemSpider
29400
BindingDB
22984
PDB
DM2
ZINC
ZINC000003918087
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:11989
GenAtlas
TOP2A
GeneCards
TOP2A
GenBank Gene Database
J04088
GenBank Protein Database
292830
Guide to Pharmacology
2637
UniProt Accession
TOP2A_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:11990
GenAtlas
TOP2B
GeneCards
TOP2B
GenBank Gene Database
X68060
UniProt Accession
TOP2B_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:11986
GenAtlas
TOP1
GeneCards
TOP1
GenBank Gene Database
J03250
GenBank Protein Database
339806
UniProt Accession
TOP1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:11730
GenAtlas
TERT
GeneCards
TERT
GenBank Gene Database
AF015950
UniProt Accession
TERT_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:15608
GeneCards
NOLC1
UniProt Accession
NOLC1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:380
GeneCards
AKR1A1
GenBank Gene Database
J04794
GenBank Protein Database
178481
UniProt Accession
AK1A1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:381
GenAtlas
AKR1B1
GeneCards
AKR1B1
GenBank Gene Database
J04795
GenBank Protein Database
178487
Guide to Pharmacology
2768
UniProt Accession
ALDR_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:386
GenAtlas
AKR1C3
GeneCards
AKR1C3
GenBank Gene Database
S68288
GenBank Protein Database
4261711
Guide to Pharmacology
1382
UniProt Accession
AK1C3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:387
GenAtlas
AKR1C4
GeneCards
AKR1C4
GenBank Gene Database
S68287
GenBank Protein Database
4261710
UniProt Accession
AK1C4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:382
GeneCards
AKR1B10
GenBank Gene Database
U37100
GenBank Protein Database
3150035
UniProt Accession
AK1BA_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1548
GenAtlas
CBR1
GeneCards
CBR1
GenBank Gene Database
J04056
Guide to Pharmacology
1383
UniProt Accession
CBR1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1549
GeneCards
CBR3
UniProt Accession
CBR3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2597
GenAtlas
CYP1B1
GeneCards
CYP1B1
GenBank Gene Database
U03688
GenBank Protein Database
501031
Guide to Pharmacology
1320
UniProt Accession
CP1B1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2615
GeneCards
CYP2B6
GenBank Gene Database
M29874
GenBank Protein Database
181296
Guide to Pharmacology
1324
UniProt Accession
CP2B6_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2625
GenAtlas
CYP2D6
GeneCards
CYP2D6
GenBank Gene Database
M20403
GenBank Protein Database
181350
Guide to Pharmacology
1329
UniProt Accession
CP2D6_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2637
GenAtlas
CYP3A4
GeneCards
CYP3A4
GenBank Gene Database
M18907
Guide to Pharmacology
1337
UniProt Accession
CP3A4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:9208
GenAtlas
POR
GeneCards
POR
GenBank Gene Database
S90469
GenBank Protein Database
247307
UniProt Accession
NCPR_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2874
GenAtlas
NQO1
GeneCards
NQO1
GenBank Gene Database
J03934
GenBank Protein Database
189246
UniProt Accession
NQO1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:7708
GenAtlas
NDUFS2
GeneCards
NDUFS2
GenBank Gene Database
AF013160
GenBank Protein Database
3540239
UniProt Accession
NDUS2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:7710
GenAtlas
NDUFS3
GeneCards
NDUFS3
GenBank Gene Database
AF067139
GenBank Protein Database
3337441
UniProt Accession
NDUS3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:7714
GenAtlas
NDUFS7
GeneCards
NDUFS7
GenBank Gene Database
AC005329
GenBank Protein Database
3342734
UniProt Accession
NDUS7_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:7872
GenAtlas
NOS1
GeneCards
NOS1
GenBank Gene Database
U17327
GenBank Protein Database
642526
Guide to Pharmacology
1251
UniProt Accession
NOS1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:7876
GenAtlas
NOS3
GeneCards
NOS3
GenBank Gene Database
M93718
GenBank Protein Database
189212
Guide to Pharmacology
1249
UniProt Accession
NOS3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:7873
GenAtlas
NOS2A
GeneCards
NOS2
GenBank Gene Database
L09210
GenBank Protein Database
292242
Guide to Pharmacology
1250
UniProt Accession
NOS2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:12805
GenAtlas
XDH
GeneCards
XDH
GenBank Gene Database
D11456
GenBank Protein Database
10336525
Guide to Pharmacology
2646
UniProt Accession
XDH_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:399
GenAtlas
ALB
GeneCards
ALB
GenBank Gene Database
V00494
GenBank Protein Database
28590
UniProt Accession
ALBU_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:40
GenAtlas
ABCB1
GeneCards
ABCB1
GenBank Gene Database
M14758
GenBank Protein Database
307180
Guide to Pharmacology
768
UniProt Accession
MDR1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:51
GenAtlas
ABCC1
GeneCards
ABCC1
GenBank Gene Database
L05628
GenBank Protein Database
1835659
Guide to Pharmacology
779
UniProt Accession
MRP1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:54
GenAtlas
ABCC3
GeneCards
ABCC3
GenBank Gene Database
AB010887
GenBank Protein Database
3132270
UniProt Accession
MRP3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:57
GeneCards
ABCC6
GenBank Gene Database
AF076622
GenBank Protein Database
3928849
UniProt Accession
MRP6_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:74
GenAtlas
ABCG2
GeneCards
ABCG2
GenBank Gene Database
AF103796
GenBank Protein Database
4185796
Guide to Pharmacology
792
UniProt Accession
ABCG2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:20302
GeneCards
SLC22A16
GenBank Gene Database
AY145502
GenBank Protein Database
24429900
UniProt Accession
S22AG_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:52
GeneCards
ABCC10
GenBank Gene Database
AY032599
GenBank Protein Database
21103955
UniProt Accession
MRP7_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:49
GeneCards
ABCB8
GenBank Gene Database
AF047690
GenBank Protein Database
4321407
UniProt Accession
MITOS_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:42
GenAtlas
ABCB11
GeneCards
ABCB11
GenBank Gene Database
AF091582
GenBank Protein Database
3873243
Guide to Pharmacology
778
UniProt Accession
ABCBB_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:9841
GeneCards
RALBP1
UniProt Accession
RBP1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:53
GenAtlas
ABCC2
GeneCards
ABCC2
GenBank Gene Database
U63970
GenBank Protein Database
1764162
Guide to Pharmacology
780
UniProt Accession
MRP2_HUMAN
International reference pricing
Reference pricing from DrugBank. Prices are indicative and may not reflect current UK costs.
Source: DrugBank. Used under CC BY-NC 4.0 academic licence for non-commercial purposes.
Patent information
All patents expired, 3 expired
Source: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0. Patent data sourced from national patent offices. Expiry dates may not reflect extensions, regulatory exclusivity periods, or legal challenges.
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications: